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Function Key and Shortcut Key Use in Airway Facilities February 2003

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Function Key and Shortcut Key Use in Airway Facilities February 2003 Function Key and Shortcut Key Use in Airway Facilities Vicki Ahlstrom, ACB-220 Robert Muldoon, Northrop Grumman Information Technology February 2003 DOT/FAA/CT-TN03/07 Document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 technical note techn U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405 te o NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. This document does not constitute FAA certification policy. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT/FAA/CT-TN03/07 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Function Key and Shortcut Key Use in Airway Facilities February 2003 6. Performing Organization Code ACB-220 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Vicki Ahlstrom, ACB-220, and Robert Muldoon, Northrop Grumman Information DOT/FAA/CT-TN03/07 Technology 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Federal Aviation Administration Human Factors Division Technical Note 800 Independence Ave., S.W. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, DC 20591 AAR-100 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This document provides information on the function keys and shortcut keys used by systems in the Federal Aviation Administration Airway Facilities (AF) work environment. It includes a catalog of the function keys and shortcut keys used by each system and the associated functionality. Researchers collected these data through analysis of software specifications, computer-based instruction manuals, and field site visits. They extracted human factor guidelines relevant to function key and shortcut key use from human factors guidelines and the research literature. Researchers also collected information on function key and shortcut key use by commercial applications to extract what amounts to de facto industry standards for function key and shortcut key use. The researchers compared current function key and shortcut key use across systems in the AF operational environment. They also compared current AF use of function keys and shortcut keys against human factors guidelines and de facto industry standards. Based on this evaluation, the researchers found little consistency in the assignment of functions to function keys and shortcut keys among different AF systems. The researchers make recommendations toward improving consistency and usability of function keys and shortcut keys in the AF environment. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Human Computer Interaction This document is available to the public through Function keys the National Technical Information Service, F keys Springfield, Virginia, 22161. Shortcut keys 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 53 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized Acknowledgements The Office of the Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors, AAR-100, sponsored this work. The authors would like to thank Paul Krois from AAR-100 and Beverly Clark from AOP-30, whose valuable support made this effort possible. We would also like to thank Ron Reini for his subject matter expertise and all of the Airway Facilities personnel who lent their expertise to this effort and allowed us to observe systems in use. Thanks also to Ray Sorise for the computer-based instruction DVDs that provided much of the background information for this study. Finally, thanks to Ulf Ahlstrom for reading and commenting on the draft of this paper. iii iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ iii Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Airway Facilities Roles and Responsibilities ...........................................................1 1.1.2 Function Keys and Shortcut Keys ............................................................................1 1.1.3 General Pros and Cons of Function Keys and Shortcut Keys ..................................2 1.1.4 AF-Specific Concerns...............................................................................................2 2. Method .........................................................................................................................................4 2.1 Site Visits ...........................................................................................................................4 2.2 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................4 2.2.1 Observation...............................................................................................................4 2.2.2 Structured Interviews................................................................................................5 2.3 Data Collection and Analysis.............................................................................................5 3. Results..........................................................................................................................................5 3.1 Function Keys ....................................................................................................................5 3.1.1 Function Keys Used Together With Modifier Keys...............................................10 3.2 Unique Keyboards ...........................................................................................................11 3.2.1 Dedicated Function Keys........................................................................................11 3.3 Shortcut Keys...................................................................................................................12 3.3.1 Observations and Structured Interviews.................................................................16 4. Conclusions................................................................................................................................16 5. Recommendations......................................................................................................................19 References......................................................................................................................................20 Acronyms.......................................................................................................................................21 Appendices A - Function Keys Used with AF Systems B - Function Keys Plus Modifiers C - Keyboards and Dedicated Function Keys D - Shortcut Key Combinations v List of Illustrations Figures Page Figure 1. Shortcut key combinations indicated in a menu............................................................15 Tables Page Table 1. Means of Interacting With Systems at AF Operational Sites ............................................6 Table 2. Function Key Use in Commercial Personal Computer Software Applications................7 Table 3. AF Systems Examined at Site Visits ................................................................................7 Table 4. Common Function Key Usage in AF Systems .................................................................8 Table 5. Human Factor Guidelines for Function Keys...................................................................9 Table 6. Function Keys Used Together With Modifier Keys.......................................................10 Table 7. Dedicated Function Keys on Standard QWERTY Keyboards .......................................12 Table 8. Shortcut Key Use in Commercial Applications for PCs.................................................13 Table 9. Shortcut Keys Used in Unix Systems.............................................................................13 Table 10. Shortcut Keys for AF Systems......................................................................................14 vi Executive Summary This study is part of a line of research evaluating computer human interfaces in the Airway Facilities (AF) domain (Ahlstrom & Muldoon, 2002). As part of a larger effort, this study supports the evolution toward standardized interfaces in the AF environment. This document focuses on the use of function keys and shortcut keys in AF systems and equipment. Function keys and shortcut keys are often used as a redundant means of performing functions that are represented in menus or graphically. For example, ‘Help’ can be found as a pull-down
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