Rapport Élaboré Pour La Chambre Des Députés Concernant Le Référendum Sur Le Traité Établissant Une Constitution Pour L’Europe (Février 2007)

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Rapport Élaboré Pour La Chambre Des Députés Concernant Le Référendum Sur Le Traité Établissant Une Constitution Pour L’Europe (Février 2007) Rapport élaboré pour la Chambre des députés concernant le référendum sur le traité établissant une Constitution pour l’Europe (février 2007) Légende: Rapport de février 2007, réalisé par les chercheurs de l’Université du Luxembourg pour la Chambre des députés du Grand-duché. Il vise à souligner et mettre en contexte les particularités du vote luxembourgeois par rapport aux autres processus référendaires. Source: DUMONT, Patrick ; FEHLEN, Fernand ; KIES, Raphaël ; POIRIER, Philippe, Le référendum sur le Traité établissant une Constitution pour l’Europe – Rapport élaboré pour la Chambre des Députés, STADE - Études sociologiques et politiques sur le Luxembourg Université du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, février 2007, http://www.chd.lu/wps/wcm/connect/a0c135804e295b92b693f7010df100bc/referendum2005.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Copyright: (c) Chambre des Députés URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/rapport_elabore_pour_la_chambre_des_deputes_concernant_le_referendum_sur_le_traite_etabli ssant_une_constitution_pour_l_europe_fevrier_2007-fr-893c7c4c-e8a0-448c-8ed7-3d28a98e6b82.html Date de dernière mise à jour: 19/12/2013 1 / 213 19/12/2013 Le référendum sur le Traité établissant une Constitution pour l’Europe Patrick Dumont, Fernand Fehlen, Raphaël Kies et Philippe Poirier Le référendum sur le Traité établissant une Constitution pour l’Europe Rapport élaboré pour la Chambre des Députés STADE - Études sociologiques et politiques sur le Luxembourg Université du Luxembourg Luxembourg, février 2007 2 / 213 19/12/2013 Introduction 2 Ce rapport a été réalisé pour la Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Il ne reflète pas les points de vue de la Chambre des Députés et de ses membres. Toutes interprétations ou opinions exprimées dans ce rapport sont celles des auteurs. STADE - Études sociologiques et politiques sur le Luxembourg Université du Luxembourg Campus Limpertsberg 162a, avenue de la Faïencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Luxembourg, février 2007 Photo de la couverture : Fernand Fehlen Impression : Service Central des Imprimés de l’État L’étude est disponible sur le site de la Chambre des Députés www.chd.lu (rubrique : portail documentaire -> documentation) et le site de l’université : http://www.uni.lu/recherche/flshase/stade . 3 / 213 19/12/2013 REFERENDUM 2005 3 Introduction 5 0.1 Les objectifs de l’étude .......................................................... 7 0.2 Les auteurs de l’étude ............................................................ 9 0.3 Le Luxembourg et l’Europe.................................................... 9 0.4 Le plan de l’étude.................................................................. 19 1 La campagne électorale référendaire 19 1 Processus de ratification et campagne référendaire......... 21 2 Analyse du référendum d’après les résultats 79 2.1 Résultats du référendum du 10 juillet 2005 ........................ 81 2.2 Résultats du référendum et structure socio-démographique des communes............................... 94 3 Analyse d’après les sondages pré- et post- référendum 102 3.1 Intégration européenne et clivage gauche-droite ........... 104 3.2 Expliquer le soutien à l’intégration européenne .............. 109 3.3 Expliquer les résultats du référendum.............................. 122 4 La politique européenne à travers les focus groups 145 4.1 Un cadre d’analyse alternatif ............................................. 147 4.2 Un référendum synonyme d’un vertige social et identitaire ............................................................. 160 5 Conclusion 183 5.1 Le référendum comme révélateur ..................................... 185 5.2 Comparaison avec les autres pays référendaires............ 189 6 Bibiographie 199 Une table des matières détaillée se trouve au début de chaque chapitre 4 / 213 19/12/2013 Introduction 4 5 / 213 19/12/2013 REFERENDUM 2005 Introduction 5 Introduction 6 / 213 19/12/2013 Introduction 6 1 Introduction.................................................................................... 1 0.1 Les objectifs de l’étude..................................7 0.2 Les auteurs de l’étude....................................9 0.3 Le Luxembourg et l’Europe...........................9 0.3.1 Un européanisme sociétal de bon aloi ....................................... 11 0.3.2 Un souverainisme latent............................................................... 12 7 / 213 19/12/2013 REFERENDUM 2005 0.1 Les objectifs de l’étude 7 La campagne référendaire sur le Traité constitutionnel européen et surtout le résultat du référendum au Luxembourg ont été révélateurs d’un profond clivage entre une large partie de l’électorat et le monde politique. A l’image de la France et des Pays-Bas, le Grand-duché lui non plus, ne semble pas exempt d’un phénomène d’éloignement entre la classe politique et les citoyens, et de son corollaire, l’expression de contestations et de crispations sociales et identitaires. Les résultats ont aussi montré de grands écarts au niveau régional et des phénomènes de dissidences partisanes qui demandent à être expliqués. Le projet de recherche Référendum 2005 – commandité par la Chambre des Députés du Grand-duché de Luxembourg – vise, d’une part, à identifier ces nouvelles transformations et à les situer dans les dynamiques économiques et sociales que le Luxembourg connaît depuis une vingtaine d’années et, d’autre part, à souligner les particularités du vote luxembourgeois par rapport aux autres processus référendaires (Espagne, France et Pays-Bas). Ce rapport fait suite à celui qui avait été réalisé en 2005 sur les élections législatives et européennes de 2004 par les mêmes auteurs1. Plusieurs publications et conférences internationales ont déjà été effectuées à son sujet2. Plus particulièrement, l’étude met en œuvre cinq approches complémentaires : 1) La parole aux électeurs : Quatre focus groups ont été mis en place en collaboration avec TNS-ILRES ; un focus group d’électeurs ayant un niveau d’instruction inférieur au baccalauréat, un focus group d’électeurs ayant au minimum le baccalauréat et deux focus groups de ressortissants communautaires construits par rapport à leurs secteurs d’activité. Les focus groups ont pour objet de connaître l’opinion des citoyens sur le Traité constitutionnel européen à travers l’analyse de leurs opinions ou attitudes sur différents sujets ou objets politiques qui sont directement ou indirectement liés au Traité constitutionnel. 1 Dumont, P., Fehlen, F., Kies, R. & Poirier, Ph, Les Elections Législatives et Européennes de 2004 au Grand-duché de Luxembourg. Luxembourg : Service Central des Imprimés de l’Etat, 2006. 2 Dumont, P. & Poirier, Ph., “The Parliamentary and European Elections in Luxembourg of June 13th 2004”. In, J.M. Talero Garcia, European Yearbook of Political Campaigns 2004. Vienna: European Association of Political Consultants , p170-190, June 2005. Poirier, Ph., “Analysis on the Referendum in Luxembourg”. In, D.Donnelly, EU Constitution Special Issue. London: The Federal Trust for Education and Research Newsletter, July 2005. Dumont, P. & Poirier, Ph., « Les Etats du Benelux ». In, S.Cordelier, Etat du Monde 2006. Paris : Editions la Découverte, p616-620, octobre 2005. Dumont, P. & Poirier, Ph., “Luxembourg 2005”. In Political Data Yearbook edited by Richard S. Katz and Ingrid van Biezen. In, European Journal of Political Research, n°45, p1182-1197, October 2006. Dumont P. & Poirier, Ph., « Le référendum luxembourgeois sur le Traité établissant une Constitution pour l’Europe ». In, Annales d’Études Européennes, p213-244, Volume 8, 2005-2006. De plus, Philippe Poirier (et Patrick Dumont) avec Lukas Sosoe & Christian Franck, préparent actuellement deux ouvrages sur le Traité constitutionnel européen (Constitution européenne, problèmes et perspectives d’avenir et Processus de ratification et acteurs de l’espace public européen qui seront publiés au début de l’année 2007 aux éditions Bruylant, tirés de deux conférences internationales organisées par l’Université du Luxembourg en février 2005 et mai 2006. 8 / 213 19/12/2013 Introduction 2) Stratégies et discours des acteurs politiques et économiques : 8 L’étude qualitative des stratégies et des discours de tous les acteurs du système politique et économique luxembourgeois depuis l’organisation du hearing public organisé à la Chambre des Députés en juillet 2003 jusqu’à la fin de la campagne référendaire en juillet 2005 se fera d’après leurs documentations, une revue de presse et des entretiens menés par l’équipe de recherche. Cette analyse est complétée par un questionnaire qui a été envoyé à l’ensemble des acteurs politiques3. L’objectif est d’identifier l’évolution des positions des différents groupes d’intérêts, des associations et des partis politiques tant vis-à- vis du texte constitutionnel en lui-même que par rapport aux questions qu’il soulève (méthode communautaire, directives européennes en matière économique fiscale et sociale, élargissement, etc.). 3) Analyse de géographie électorale : Sur base des résultats officiels, des résultats des élections législatives et européennes de 2004 et de la composition socio-démographique des communes, la physionomie du « oui » et du « non » pourra être approchée d’une première manière à l’aide de données agrégées. 4) Motivations des électeurs et dynamiques de la campagne : L’exploitation statistique du sondage Eurobaromètre Flash réalisé par TNS- ILRES pour le compte de la Commission européenne à l’issue du référendum du 10 juillet 2005. Exploitation statistique qui sera mise en relation avec le sondage post-électoral administré à l’occasion
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