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MT Eleanor Otterness - EO Gloria Thompson - GT

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MT Eleanor Otterness - EO Gloria Thompson - GT Margaret M. Thomson Narrator Gloria A. Thompson Interviewer October 15, 1972 Saint Paul, Minnesota Margaret Thomson - MT Eleanor Otterness - EO Gloria Thompson - GT GT: Today is Sunday, October 15, 1972. My name is Gloria Thompson and I’m interviewing Margaret Thomson about the history of the Women’s International League [WIL] for Peace and Freedom for Minnesota and her activities within the WIL. This is for the Minnesota Historical Society. I’m just going to ask you a few questions about your background in general. I’d like to know if you’re from Minneapolis. MT: Well, practically. We came here when I was ten years old. GT: Where were you born? MT: Canton, Ohio. GT: When was that? MT: When was I born? You want me to tell my age? GT: Well, okay. How about your education? MT: I graduated from the University of Minnesota and I have an M.A. from Columbia Teacher’s College. GT: Did you teach for a few years? MT: Yes. I taught thirty-five years in Minneapolis. I was assistant principal at Minneapolis Vocational High School before I retired. GT: When did you first join the League? MT: Well, I’m quite sure I joined when it was first started and that would be in the 1920s. It was started in 1922. I’m sure I was a very early member; although, I wasn’t a charter member of it. It isn’t on the records, but I have a memory of a large group meeting that was on [unclear] that I think must have been a WIL meeting. GT: Did you know Maud [C.] Stockwell? MT: Oh, very well, yes. GT: I would really like to know some things about her. MT: Well, Maud Stockwell was a very unusual woman. She was tall and very queenly. She was a natural person to lead a group. She had such great presence of mind and she was a real liberal in her thinking. She had the help of her husband [Sylvanus A.], who was a real…almost a radical. GT: Oh, really? MT: The two of them together worked beautifully. As a team, they were leaders in Minneapolis of the liberal movement. Do you remember, Eleanor? EO: No, don’t remember that at all. MT: I was looking over some notes I have. She really began to oppose compulsory military training in Minnesota and with Mr. Stockwell’s help introduced a bill in the Legislature. He was a member of the Legislature. With a great deal of work, they finally got a bill passed making, I think, the ROTC [Reserve Officers’ Training Corps] voluntary instead of required. GT: Do you remember any other kinds of projects that she promoted way back then in the forming years of the WIL? MT: No, I can’t say anything that she promoted as far as the WIL was concerned, but she was very prominent in it. She was state chairman for a number of years and state treasurer, also. In fact, I think people called her Mrs. WIL for a long time. She had that position with the organization. GT: She was responsible for giving the League kind of a path to follow. MT: Yes, a path to follow. Yes. She hadn’t belonged when she led this fight against the military training, but that led her into inquiring about WILPF. In fact, there was no WILPF in Minnesota when she was working on this project. She’d been a suffrage worker before that. They wrote to Jane Addams and inquired about getting a charter for Minnesota and the charter came through. GT: Like I was saying, the papers that we’ve got were the [Jean M.] Wilcox papers. We were trying to find out some of the things about the early, early years. That’s really good to know [unclear]. 2 MT: I had written a little biographical sketch of her. Isn’t that in her record about the forming of the WIL? GT: In historical papers? MT: No, in that record that she gave. EO: Olive Meili’s record. She tells about forming it out of a committee for disarmament that [unclear]. GT: Yes, in Washington, D.C. MT: It grew up after this fight in the Legislature, too. GT: That’s really interesting, getting back to you. What made you join the League or what attracted you to the WIL, initially? MT: I think everybody who lived through WWI—I did—felt that we should never have war again, you know. [President Woodrow] Wilson fought the war to end all wars. The only way to do that was to work for peace. So I joined the WIL as a peace organization that was being formed. I always had up, in front of my class, the Kellogg-Briand [Anti- War Pact] peace treaty, you know, in big letters, so I was very much interested in peace. GT: Were you involved in any other activities along the same [unclear]? MT: Oh, yes. I really gave my extracurricular activity to working in the very young and struggling Minneapolis Federation of Teachers. That’s where all my extra effort went during my teaching time. We did build it up, as you know. GT: You were very active in both then? MT: I wasn’t active in those years in the WIL, no. I paid my dues and sent in my rummage for rummage sales and sometimes went to meetings and, occasionally, I took my students to a meeting, [unclear] meeting. But that was the extent of my activity in WIL. GT: And you would say that by virtue of the fact it was a peace organization, this was the initial attraction? MT: Yes, that’s right. Peace was popular after World War I. GT: Right. When did you become active in the League? 3 MT: I retired in 1955. Of course, I always got notices of meetings and I had friends and I went to a meeting on a summer day in our suburban locality. I think the enthusiasm of those girls, particularly Mrs. Westberg. What’s her first name? EO: Elizabeth. MT: Elizabeth Westberg had just been to a national convention of WIL and she was so enthusiastic about the work and the other women seemed so concerned and interested that I thought, well, I can give this organization some time. This is a good activity for me being retired. [Chuckles] So I went to meetings. They asked me to be on the Board and so on. GT: What kinds of things did you do in the 1950s? MT: I was thinking of that myself. That’s one reason I got these out. I think one of the important things was stopping the bombing, an atom bomb bill to Congress. GT: How did you do this? MT: Well, actually one of the things we did, SANE [National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy] was then, growing up, too, and the man from SANE National came out to talk to us and most of the people there were WIL people. So WIL people immediately saw this was something we must do to stop the bombing, the test bombing. So we collaborated with them. WIL loaned the money to pay the printing and buy the stamps and the WIL committee did all the addressing and got out literature. We raised enough money to put an ad in the paper at that time to stop the test bombing. EO: This was nuclear testing. MT: Nuclear tests, yes. GT: In the 1950s. MT: As you know, it was a partial test ban. GT: And you believe you had some impact on [unclear]? MT: Oh, I’m sure we did, yes, locally and nationally. Everybody gave all their energies to that particular project. GT: What types of activities did you promote during the Korean War? MT: I can’t tell you because I wasn’t active at all. The McCarthy Era had been very hard on WIL. GT: I’d like to know more about that. 4 MT: All I can tell you is when I got active; you still had the feeling that there was a good deal of fear from what might be a result. The membership had dropped considerably. EO: Who would know about the McCarthy Era in WIL in Minnesota? MT: I don’t know anybody left who’d know. Medora [Peterson] wouldn’t because she was later, too, and Olive [Meili]. I’ll tell you, I think Viena [Hendrickson] would know. I think they must get Viena on this. GT: Yes, I’m planning on doing that. I know that Olive had mentioned an FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation] investigation that… MT: That was national. GT: Yes. This was during Jean Wilcox’s tenure. They had been cleared. She didn’t know anything about the 1950s, particularly. I was thinking… MT: Well, that happened in the 1950s. GT: Right. MT: Yes, I know. GT: I was wondering if the League had suffered during that era. MT: Yes, I’m sure they suffered membership, because when I joined it was a pretty small group, but active people. I think they had just as many people working as we do, almost. It’s so hard to get people to work. GT: Oh, it definitely is. [Chuckles]. I’d like to find out what in your opinion are the kinds of women that are attracted to the WIL. What makes a woman who has a lot of other things going, a job, maybe a family? What kind of women join? MT: I’ve often wondered that myself.
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