92. Rockingham Forest Area Profile: Supporting Documents
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National Character 92. Rockingham Forest Area profile: Supporting documents www.naturalengland.org.uk 1 National Character 92. Rockingham Forest Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment 1 2 3 White Paper , Biodiversity 2020 and the European Landscape Convention , we are North revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas East that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision- Yorkshire making framework for the natural environment. & The North Humber NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their West decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape East scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader Midlands partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help West Midlands to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. East of England Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key London drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are South East suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance South West on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. NCA profiles are working documents which draw on current evidence and knowledge. We will aim to refresh and update them periodically as new 1 The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, Defra information becomes available to us. (2011; URL: www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.pdf) 2 Biodiversity 2020: A Strategy for England’s Wildlife and Ecosystem Services, Defra We would like to hear how useful the NCA profiles are to you. You can contact the (2011; URL: www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/pb13583-biodiversity-strategy-2020-111111.pdf) NCA team by emailing [email protected] 3 European Landscape Convention, Council of Europe (2000; URL: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm) 2 National Character 92. Rockingham Forest Area profile: Supporting documents Thirty-four SSSI lie wholly or partly within the NCA and there are three NNRs, Summary one of which (Barnack Hills and Holes) is also designated as a Special Area of Conservation to protect its internationally important orchid-rich grassland which colonised this former limestone quarry. Rockingham Forest National Character Area (NCA) is essentially a broad, low, undulating ridge underlain by Jurassic limestone which falls away from a The area contains many outstanding 17th- to 19th-century country houses, and prominent, steep northern scarp overlooking the Welland Valley. Large areas there are 11 Registered Parks and Gardens. These include large country houses and of woodland remain a significant feature of the landscape and, while not mature parkland estates – such as Deene Park, Kirby Hall and Rockingham Castle forming continuous belts, the blocks of woodland often coalesce visually with – which are important landscape features, adding to the overall wooded character hedgerow trees and smaller copses to increase the perception of extensive of the area. Imposing churches with towers and spires are a striking feature of the woodland cover across the landscape. villages. These churches contain architectural features dating from the 13th to the 15th century and there are significantly earlier buildings in the east of the NCA. The landscape is a patchwork of woodland and large- to medium-sized fields of mixed arable with some pastoral use surrounding small nucleated villages. Settlements generally lie along the river valleys and are linked by narrow Fields are commonly bounded by well-managed hedgerows with mature trees or winding lanes which contribute to the remote rural character of much of the drystone walls and display the rectilinear pattern of the enclosures set within a area. The older buildings are generally of attractive creamy-grey limestone more sinuous pattern of older enclosures, winding lanes and watercourses. in the east and ironstone in the west. Roofing materials include thatch, the distinctive thick Collyweston slates, clay pantiles and Welsh slate. Popular today as a recreational resource, Rockingham Forest takes its name from the Royal Hunting Forest that existed across the area from the 11th to the Large-scale, modern, mixed-use 19th century. Historically, the heavy clay soils deterred widespread clearance development is evident on the fringes for agriculture and so many of the woodlands are ancient. Formerly extensively of larger settlements such as Kettering coppiced, these woodlands contain a rich diversity of species that are of and Corby, creating visual intrusion considerable nature conservation interest; several sites are designated as Sites of and extending the urban fringe. These Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and National Nature Reserves (NNRs) for this reason. settlements are targeted for further growth. There is also pressure for The NCA is noted for its population of the black hairstreak butterfly. Due to residential development in the villages, changes in woodland management over the past 50 to 100 years, it is now potentially eroding architectural and restricted in its UK distribution to a narrow belt of woodlands between historical character. Oxford and Peterborough. The red kite now has a strong and expanding local population; these stunning birds can readily be seen soaring over pastures and woodlands and are rightly a popular visitor attraction. Click map to enlarge; click again to reduce. 3 National Character 92. Rockingham Forest Area profile: Supporting documents Statements of Environmental Opportunity SEO 1: Extend the area and connectivity of broadleaved woodland, individual trees and hedgerows in the core Rockingham Forest area, seeking to enhance historic landscape character and biodiversity and increasing the potential for timber, biomass, access and recreation, while helping to regulate the impacts of climate change and maintaining and improving water and soil quality. SEO 2: Maintain and enhance the quality of natural sites of interest across the area, and particularly within the farmed landscape, seeking to realise opportunities to strengthen ecological networks and increase the quantity and quality of semi-natural habitat mosaics and geodiversity sites, providing additional benefits to recreation and so enhancing visitors’ experiences and understanding as well as the local economy. SEO 3: Manage and enhance the distinctive elements that contribute to the overarching sense of place and history of the Rockingham Forest Landscape view showing the typical small mixed arable and pasture fields enclosed by well area. Seek to retain its predominantly rural character and core areas of maintained hedgerows with numerous hedgerow trees. tranquillity while planning to accommodate sensitively designed new development, including functional green infrastructure. SEO 4: Enhance the functionality, biodiversity and historic features of the many small rivers and streams that cross the Rockingham Forest area. Seek to strengthen their contribution to regulating water flow and quality in the Nene and Welland catchments, enhance their role as landscape features, and improve riparian corridors for wildlife and recreation. 4 National Character 92. Rockingham Forest Area profile: Supporting documents Description Physical and functional links to other National There are frequent open views in the south of the NCA looking over the Northamptonshire Vales NCA but views looking north are often contained Character Areas by the woodland cover. Historically, long narrow parishes extended up from the River Nene in the Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands NCA towards Rockingham Forest National Character Area (NCA) is a broad, low, undulating the plateau of Rockingham Forest, each having a share of the riverside, flood ridge falling away from a steep scarp in the north-west which overlooks the plain, fertile gravel terrace and open woodland. This historical sharing of broad Welland Valley, which lies largely in the adjoining High Leicestershire resources can still influence the distribution and pattern of farms linking the NCA. The higher land here is capped by glacial boulder clay forming a forest and valley landscapes. continuous geological and visual link with High Leicestershire to the west, and the Kesteven Uplands NCA to the north. Publicly accessible woodlands are popular with visitors for their amenity and aesthetic value, including those from residential areas in neighbouring NCAs Separated by the A1 corridor, the culturally distinct Rockingham Forest and such as High Leicestershire. The visitor centre at Fineshade Wood offers Soke of Peterborough areas within the NCA are unified by the common opportunities to view red kites on the nest, cycle hire and trails for all abilities boundaries of the Welland and Nene rivers which flow eastwards to The Wash. in surrounding woodlands, and attracts visitors from across the East Midlands These two areas