Federal Reserve Bulletin August 1919

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Federal Reserve Bulletin August 1919 FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN ISSUED BY THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD AT WASHINGTON AUGUST, 1919 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD. EX OFPTCIO MEMBERS. W. P. G. HARDING, Governor. ALBERT STRAUSS, Vice Governor. CARTER GLASS, ADOLPH C. MILLER. Secretary of the Treasury, Chairman. CHARLES S. HAMLIN. JOHN SKELTON WILLIAMS, Comptroller of the Currency* J. A. BRODERICK, Secretary. GEORGE L. HARRISON, General Counsel. W. T. CHAPMAN, Assistant Secretary. H. PARKER WILLIS, W. M. IMLAY, Fiscal Agent. Directory Division of Analysis and Research. M. JACOBSON, Statistician. J. E. CRANE, Acting Director, Division of Foreign Exchange. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis OFFICERS OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS. Federal Reserve Bank of— Chairman. Governor. Deputy governor. Cashier. Boston. ... Frederic H. Curtiss... Chas. A. Morss.. Chas. E. Spencer, jr... W. Willett. C. C. Bullen New York. Pierre Jay Benj. Strong, jr. R. H. Treman L. II. Hendricks. J. H. Case L. F. Sailer J. F. Curtis Philadelphia. II. L. Austin. E. P. Passmore. Wm. II. Hutt, jr W. A. Dyer. Cleveland D. C. Wills... E. R. Fancher.. M. J. Fleming1 H. G. Davis. Frank J. Zurlinden1.. Richmond. Caldwell Hardy. George J. Seay. C. A. Peple Geo. H. Keesee. R. II. Broaddus Atlanta. Joseph A. McCord M. B. Wellborn.. L. C. Adelson M. W. Bell. Chicago. Wm. A. Heath I J. B. McDougal.. 0. R. McKay S. B. Cramer. B. G. McCloud1 St. Louis Wm. McC. Martin. 1). C. Biggs O. M. Attebery J. W. White. Minneapolis... JohnH. Rich •. Theodore Wold I R. A. Young S. S. Cook. Kansas City... Asa E. Ramsay J. Z. Miller, jr | C. A. Worthington1 . J. W. Helm.2 Dallas Wm. F. Ramsey R. L. VanZandt ; Lynn P. Talley Lynn P. Talley. San Francisco. John Perrin.." J. U. Calkins ' Wm. A. Day Ira Clerk 3. 1 Assistant to governor. 2 Acting cashier. 3 Assistant deputy governor. MANAGERS OF BRANCHES OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS. Federal Reserve Bank of— Manager. Federal Reserve Bank of— Manager. New York: St. Louis: Buffalo branch Ray M. Gidney. Louisville branch W. P. Kincheloe. Memphis branch J. J. Heflin. Cleveland: Little Rock branch A. F. Bailey. Cincinnati branch L. W. Maiming. Pittsburgh branch Geo. De Camp. Kansas City: Omaha branch 0. T. Eastman. Richmond: Denver branch C. A. Burkhardt. Baltimore branch Morton M. Prentis. Dallas: Atlanta: El Paso branch R. R. Gilbert. New Orleans branch Marcus Walker. Houston branch Sain R. Lawder. Jacksonville branch Geo. R. De Saussure. Birmingham branch A. E. Walker. San Francisco: Salt Lake City branch C. H. Stewart. Chicago: Seattle branch C. J. Shepherd. Detroit branch R. B. Locke. Spokane branch C. A. McLean. Portland branch C. L. Lamping. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE OF BULLETIN. The FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN is distributed without charge to member banks of the system and to the officers and directors of Federal Reserve Banks. In sending the BULLETIN to others the Board feels that a subscription should be required. It has accordingly fixed a subscription price of $2 per annum. Single copies will be sold at 20 cents. Foreign postage should be added when it will be required. Remittances should be made to the Federal Reserve Board. Member banks desiring to have the BULLETIN supplied to their officers and directors may have it sent to not less than 10 names at a subscription price of SI per annum. No complete sets of the BULLETIN for 1915, 1916, or 1917 are available. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Federal Reserve notes and currency expansion... 699 Statistical—Continued. Review of the month 703 Statistical Review: 1914-1919—Continued. Business and financial conditions: Summary... 706 Operations of Federal Reserve Branch Special reports of Federal Reserve agents.. 711 Banks during six months ending June Earnings and expenses of Federal Reserve Banks.. 720 30, 1919 777 Banking and economic conditions in Japan, 1914- Number of employees of Federal Reserve 1919 731 Board and Federal Reserve Banks, Official: 1914-1919 778 Government financing— Number of member banks of the Federal Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury to Reserve System, 1914-1919...., 780 Chairman of Ways and Means Committee, Loans, investments, and deposit liabilities dated July 9 725 of national banks, 1914-1919 782 Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury to Abstract of reports of condition of all mem- banks and trust companies, dated July ber banks, 1914-1919 783 25 726 Principal resources and liabilities of mem- Amendments to Federal Reserve Act pending ber banks in leading cities 786 in Congress 727 Stock of money in the United States 788 State banks and trust companies admitted to Allotments of Liberty bonds and treasury the system 738 certificates 787 Foreign branches of American banks 738 Wholesale prices in the United States 747 Banks granted authority to accept up to 100 per Discount and interest rates in various centers.. 750 cent of capital and surplus 737 Physical volume of trade 753 Charters issued to national banks 737 Debits to individual account and to bank ac- Fiduciary powers granted to national banks 739 count, June-July 763 Law Department: Discount and open market operations of the Legal opinions and decisions 740 Federal Reserve Banks 790 Amendments to State banking laws 741 Resources and liabilities of the Federal Reserve Banks 797 Miscellaneous: Federal Reserve note account 800 Crop statistics, by Federal Reserve districts... 737 Interdistrict movement of Federal Reserve Commercial failures reported 736 notes 802 Assets, liabilities, and earnings of the three lead- Operation of Federal Reserve clearing system.. 803 ing German commercial banks, 1914-1918... 735 Condition of member banks in selected cities.. 804 Statistical: Estimated stock of money in the United States.. 810 Statistical Review: 1914-1919 766 Imports and exports of gold and silver 809 Classification of earning assets held by Fed- Foreign exchange rates 81Z eral Reserve Banks since organization of Discount rates approved by the Federal Reserve system 771 Board 810 Reserves, deposits, and note circulation of Diagrams: Federal Reserve Banks since organiza- Earning assets of Federal Reserve Banks, 1914- tion of system 774 1919 772 Growth of the Federal Reserve clearing Net deposits, Federal Reserve notes in circula- system, 1916-1919 775 tion and reserves of Federal Reserve Banks, Transfers through the gold settlement fund, 1914-1919 773 1915-1919 776 Investments of national banks, 1914-1919 780 Earnings and expenses of the Federal Re- Deposit liabilities of national banks, 1914- serve Banks, 1914-1919 777 1919.... 781 IV Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN VOL. 5 AUGUST 1, 1919. No. 8 FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES AND CURRENCY EXPANSION. On August 8 the following letter was sent the issue of an equal volume of small bills in by the Governor of the Federal Reserve Board some other form of currency would be neces- to the Chairman of the Committee on Banking sary. To effect the retirement of the United and Currency of the United States Senate: States notes, funds would have to be with- DEAR SIR: The Federal Reserve Board ac- drawn from the Treasury to be supplied either knowledges receipt of 3'oiir letter of the 5th by taxation or by the sale of interest-bearing instant asking for an expression of its views as obligations, The Board does not believe that to the advisability of legislation providing for any legislation with respect to United States the gradual reduction of the currency in cir- notes is necessary or desirable at this time. culation as proposed by Senate resolution 142. The national bank notes outstanding on The Board would suggest that in determining August 1, 1919, amounted to $658,118,555, a whether or not legislation is necessary or desir- reduction of nearly $60,000,000 since July 1, able to regulate the volume of currency in cir- 1914. The greater part of these notes is culation, consideration be given to the various secured by United States 2 per cent bonds, forms of money which make up the sum total and provision has already been made in section of our volume of currency. A distinction 18 of the Federal Reserve Act for their gradual should also be drawn between the stock of retirement. money in the country and the amount actually Federal Reserve Bank notes, which are in circulation. secured by United States obligations and are With respect to gold coin, gold certificates, taxed just as national-bank notes are, have been standard silver dollars, silver certificates, sub- issued only to replace in part national-bank sidiary silver, and Treasury notes of 1890, the notes retired and standard silver dollars melted Board assumes that it is recognized that no or broken up and sold as bullion under author- legislation is necessary. ity of the act of April 23, 1918, known as the The United States notes, or legal tenders, Pittman Act. The issue of these notes has, which have remained at the fixed amount of therefore, brought about no increase in the $346,681,016 since March 31, 1878, have not circulating medium. been a disturbing factor since the passage of the The amount of Federal Reserve notes out- act of March 14, 1900. An adequate gold re- standing has increased from $357,239,000 on serve of more than 45 per cent is now held April 1, 1917, to $2,504,753,000 on August 1, against these notes, most of which are in the 1919. It appears, therefore, that those who form of small bills of $1, $2, and $5, denomina- see in the larger volume of circulation in the tions.
Recommended publications
  • Weeping Qingdao Tears Abroad: Locating Chinese Publics in Colonial Malaya, Circa 1919
    Itinerario, Vol. 44, No. 2, 316–340. © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Research Institute for History, Leiden University. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0165115320000182 Weeping Qingdao Tears Abroad: Locating Chinese Publics in Colonial Malaya, circa 1919 RACHEL LEOW* Email: [email protected] This article suggests that conditions of coloniality produce a sui generis public sphere, one which contains multiple, plurilingual collective audiences, rather than a single “bour- geois public sphere” (Habermas), or a single “imagined community” (Anderson). By way of illustration, it locates diasporic Chinese publics in the colonial public sphere of British Malaya, and argues for a more analytically differentiated understanding of their constituent collectivities, or what it refers to as “we” publics. It analyses a Chinese-lan- guage newspaper, the Yik Khuan Poh, elaborating the different “we” publics convened within its pages, and emphasising the regional and translocal geographies of collective belonging that exist within the “transnational we,” which models of diaspora tend to overdetermine. In situating the Yik Khuan Poh in its temporal and spatial contexts in the early twentieth century, this article also raises questions about the character of colo- nial public spheres in an era of significant globality. Keywords: Chinese newspapers, May Fourth movement, anarchism, translocal, transregional On 2 June 1919 a Huizhou native called Luo Jiongxiong issued a passionate call in the pages of a Chinese newspaper, the Yik Khuan Poh, founded just over two months earlier in the small colonial town of Kuala Lumpur in British Malaya.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodrow Wilson and the Inflation Issue, 1919-1920
    Decline of a Presidenc;r: Woodroi~ Wilson o.nd the Inflation Issue, 1919-1920. John J, Hanrahan' Department of history Morehead statelUniversity Morel1ead, Ky. 40351 ,l . c The Democrats lost the 1929 presidential election, historians agree, as a result of the cumulative effect of the resentments directed against. President Woodrow Wilson by progressives, farmers, and wor.kers, the coali- 1 I tion that had kept him in the White House.in 1916. Wilson· paid this price ! I of political· damage to his presidency and his patty by giving priority to , I ' world affairs. at the expense of domestic problems. Americans .came 'to see the President as a remote figure, absent at .the Versailles peace conference the first six !"cinths of 1919, preoccupied upon his return with the.treaty ratification struggle, and shielded in the White House for months following his October stroke. The President's aloofness from his own advisers and his fierce partisanship gave Republicans the chance to portray his·admin- istration as inept one-man government. They cqnvinced voters that•Wilson was responsible for the social and economic upheaval growing out of the postwar readjustment process. The Republicans returned to power OJ). the back of the anti-Wilson feeling that they helped create. A caption of a contemporary New York World cartoon, "The GOP washed in by the waves of r 'National Discontent'," captured the heart of the Democratic defeat. A major cause in the. revulsion against:Wilsonianism that was ktrik~ ingly manifested' in· the 1920 election was the Pre'sident 1 s failure to deal with inflation effectively, a factor that'has not been given sufficient weight in existing works on the immediate past.
    [Show full text]
  • Coercive Voluntarism in Wartime Georgia, 1917–1919
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Summer 8-2013 Patriotism And Dissent: Coercive Voluntarism In Wartime Georgia, 1917–1919 Bill Warhop Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Recommended Citation Warhop, Bill, "Patriotism And Dissent: Coercive Voluntarism In Wartime Georgia, 1917–1919." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2013. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/73 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PATRIOTISM AND DISSENT: COERCIVE VOLUNTARISM IN WARTIME GEORGIA, 1917–1919 by BILL WARHOP Under the Direction of H. Robert Baker ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the culture of coercive voluntarism in Georgia during the First World War using studies of legislation and vigilance, the press, and the Georgia Council of Defense. Each of the themes studied demonstrates how organizations attempted to coerce support of the US war effort in Georgia. The study focuses on Georgia as a single state rather than simply as part of the South, as most other studies have done. The purpose is to challenge studies that have emphasized resistance only, which presents an incomplete picture of Georgia’s domestic scene during the war. In fact, many elements within Georgia—at the state, local, and citizen level— actively supported the war, often with the same level of intention, if not the same results, as did other areas of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Tee 1919 Race Riots in Britain: Ti-Lir Background and Conseolences
    TEE 1919 RACE RIOTS IN BRITAIN: TI-LIR BACKGROUND AND CONSEOLENCES JACOLEUNE .ENKINSON FOR TI-E DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH 1987 ABSTRACT OF THESIS This thesis contains an empirically-based study of the race riots in Britain, which looks systematically at each of the nine major outbreaks around the country. It also looks at the background to the unrest in terms of the growing competition in the merchant shipping industry in the wake of the First World War, a trade in which most Black residents in this country were involved. One result of the social and economic dislocation following the Armistice was a general increase in the number of riots and disturbances in this country. This factor serves to put into perspective the anti-Black riots as an example of increased post-war tension, something which was occurring not only in this country, but worldwide, often involving recently demobilised men, both Black and white. In this context the links between the riots in Britain and racial unrest in the West Indies and the United States are discussed; as is the growth of 'popular racism' in this country and the position of the Black community in Britain pre- and post- riot. The methodological approach used is that of Marxist historians of the theory of riot, although this study in part, offers a revision of the established theory. ACKNOWLEDcEJvNTS I would like to thank Dr. Ian Duffield, my tutor and supervisor at Edinburgh University, whose guidance and enthusiasm helped me along the way to the completion of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • To Osteopathic Truth August 1919 – July 1920 Vol. 4
    Index to Osteopathic Truth August 1919 – July 1920 Vol. 4 Reproduced with a gift from the Advocates for the American Osteopathic Association (AAOA Special Projects Fund) May not be reproduced in any format without the permission of the Museum of Osteopathic Medicine,SM ~scessed eeth a cause ( case reports) Caveness, A.A.B. Some early history of ennett, C. A. p. 109 Dr. Still, p. 162 mderson, H. B. Preventing typhoid p.2 Chicago Tribune Editoral. Typhoid and Mdrew Taylor Still Research Institute the Drainage canal. p. 2 • 197 Church, M. E. Sleeping sickness and Anent Pennsylvania, What is Ten-Fingered other mental conditions. p. 101 Osteopathy? p. 92 Congenital Hip Set. Dr. Hulett, p. 41 ~peal to every Osteopath to help in the Conley, George J. Retrospect &Prospect campaign for more students for our p. 110 colleges. Hartwell, 1. L. p. 117 Consulting. Walter T. Novinger. p. 49 Are we drifting, Goode, Geo. p. 64 Convention, The. Goode, Geo. W. p. 30 Associations, Are ours Horth while? Convention impressions. Walmsley, ASA G Ifrink, W. E. p. 194 p. 29 <' Costo-Chrondal Calcification in pul O~ftry Back to the back one diagnosis. Teal, tuberculosis. Proof of the pudding. C. C. p. 52 Hoskins, Earl R. 62 Bailey, Jo n H. Prohibition helps hay Crawford, p~~s~n. Some things the Doctor fever p. 50 cannot dpl p. 145 Barton, Geo. Fe Osteopathic achive­ ments justify aggressive program for Daily Case, More of the. Snyder, o. J. the immediate future. p. 182 p. 71 Bean, E. H. Editor Daily, Philip Sheridan.
    [Show full text]
  • Black & White in America: Political Cartoons on Race in the 1920S
    BECOMING MODERN: AMERICA IN THE 1920S PRIMARY SOURCE COLLECTION * IN POLITICAL CARTOONS THE T WENTIES Eighteen political cartoons examining the racial issues confronting black and white Americans in the 1920s— the “race problem”—appear on the following pages. RACE They were published in general circulation (white- owned) and African American newspapers from 1919 to 1928. [Virulent racist depictions from the period are not included in this collection.] To analyze a political cartoon, consider its: CONTENT. First, basically describe what is drawn in the cartoon (without referring to the labels). What is depicted? What is happening? CONTEXT. Consider the timing. What is happening in national events at the time of the cartoon? Check the date: what occurred in the days and weeks before the cartoon appeared? LABELS. Read each label; look for labels that are not apparent at first, and for other written content in the cartoon. SYMBOLS. Name the symbols in the cartoons. What do they mean? How do they convey the cartoon’s “The U.S. Constitution Will Soon Be Bobtailed” meaning? The Afro-American, Jan. 18, 1924 TITLE. Study the title. Is it a statement, question, exclamation? Does it employ a well-known phrase, e.g., slang, song lyric, movie title, radio show, political or product slogan? How does it encapsulate and enhance the cartoonist’s point? TONE. Identify the tone of the cartoon. Is it satirical, comic, tragic, ironic, condemning, quizzical, imploring? What adjective describes the feeling of the cartoon? How do the visual elements in the drawing align with its tone? POINT. Put it all together.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) and Its Aftermath
    The Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) and Its Aftermath The Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) and Its Aftermath: Settlements, Problems and Perceptions Edited by Sorin Arhire and Tudor Roşu The Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) and Its Aftermath: Settlements, Problems and Perceptions Edited by Sorin Arhire and Tudor Roşu This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Sorin Arhire, Tudor Roşu and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-4224-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-4224-2 Cover Image: Sturdza Palace (photo taken around 1930) which was the headquarters of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1919-1920. Source: Diplomatic Archives of Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bucharest. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Sorin ARHIRE and Tudor ROȘU Chapter One ............................................................................................... 3 The Romanian Americans and the Paris Peace Conference: The Trianon Treaty (4 June 1920) Constantin I. STAN and Mădălina OPREA Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the John Manfred Rise Papers 1919-1921
    University of Chicago Library Guide to the John Manfred Rise Papers 1919-1921 © 2006 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Acknowledgments 3 Descriptive Summary 3 Information on Use 3 Access 3 Citation 3 Biographical Note 3 Scope Note 3 Related Resources 3 Subject Headings 4 INVENTORY 4 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.RISE Title Rise, John Manfred. Papers Date 1919-1921 Size 0.5 linear feet (1 box) Repository Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. Abstract The letters and ephemera of John Manfred Rise (1899-1970) describe student life at the University of Chicago between 1919 and 1921. Acknowledgments Information on Use Access No restrictions. Citation When quoting material from this collection, the preferred citation is: Rise, John Manfred. Papers, [Box #, Folder #], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library Biographical Note John Manfred Rise (1899-1970) was a student at the College University of Chicago from 1918 to 1920. Scope Note The papers of John Manfred Rise (1898-1970) paint a vivid picture of student life at the University of Chicago during the late 'teens. Rise was a student in the College from 1918-1920 and in letters home to his mother and friends he tells of "typical" student life of the time. He comments on campus food, the entertainment available in Hyde Park and Chicago, class work and lectures, and late night talks with friends where such questions as whether or not all women were "inveterate liars" were discussed. From these papers, one gleans an idea not only of early student life at the University of Chicago, but also a sense of the character of the student experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline Presentation
    LESSON 4.2 TIMELINE June 1919 The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was signed in France in 1919. After the loss of World War I, Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting the war. Many Germans were shocked and angered over the terms of the treaty which deprived Germany of significant military power and territory, and imposed financial penalties. Allied delegates in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles witness the German delegation’s acceptance of the terms of the Treaty Of Versailles, the treaty formally ending World War I. Versailles, France, June 28, 1919. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda August 1919 Ratification of Weimar constitution A national assembly drafted a democratic constitution, a new and unfamiliar form of government for Germans, initiated in the wake of World War I. Fearing the unknown, the delegates agreed to the inclusion of Article 48. The article allowed the democratic government to suspend basic rights in order to stabilize the country during a national crisis or emergency. ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda February 1920 Hitler presented 25-point program In this 25-point program, Nazi Party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from “Aryan” society and to abrogate Jews’ political, legal, and civil rights. Point 4 stated: “ Only a national comrade can be a citizen. Only someone of German blood, regardless of faith, can be a citizen. Therefore, no Jew can be a citizen.” Pamphlet outlining the National Socialist Party 25-point program.
    [Show full text]
  • NJDARM: Collection Guide
    NJDARM: Collection Guide - NEW JERSEY STATE ARCHIVES COLLECTION GUIDE Record Group: Acting Governor William Nelson Runyon (1871-1931; served 1919-1920) Series: Correspondence, 1919-1920 Accession #: 1957.002 prob. Series #: S3900002 Guide Date: 1987 (JK) Volume: 0.5 c.f. [1 box] Contents County Files 1. Bergen complaints, August 1919. 2. Camden complaints, July 1919. 3. Camden Board of Elections, January 1919 & January 1920. 4. Essex complaints, June 1919 - January 1920. 5. Hudson complaints, January - October 1919. 6. Monmouth complaints, 30 July & 5 August 1919. 7. Sussex complaints, 14 & 18 July 1919. 8. Union complaints, July - October 1919. Subject Files 1. Accounts (purchase orders and requisitions), June - December 1919 (2 files). 2. Agriculture, Department of, December 1919. 3. Americanization Conference, December 1919 - January 1920. 4. Armed Forces, Discharges from, 9 & 12 January 1920. 5. Attorney General (including Special Correspondence, Book No. 2119), 1919. 6. Boxing, 3 & 6 January 1920. 7. Boy Scouts of America, July - October 1919. 8. Bridges, Toll, Elimination of, May - October 1919. 9. Budget, 1919. 10. Conservation & Development, 9 May & 29 December 1919. 11. Deeds, Commissioners of, February - December 1919. 12. Detectives, State, July - September 1919. 13. Federal Matters, December 1919 - January 1920. 14. Fish and Game Commission, 28 May 1919. 15. Girls, State Home for, 23 & 28 October 1919. file:///M|/highpoint/webdocs/state/darm/darm2011/guides/guides%20for%20pdf/s3900002.html[5/16/2011 9:34:04 AM] NJDARM: Collection Guide - 16. Industrial Council of the State of New Jersey, Joint, 21 October 1919. 17. Library, New Jersey State, November 1919. 18. National Guard, December 1919 - January 1920.
    [Show full text]
  • 1919, the Year of Racial Violence: How African Americans Fought Back
    7 “It Is My Only Protection” Federal and State Efforts to Disarm African Americans On July 31, 1919, Major Walter H. Loving of the army’s Military Intelli- gence Division (MID) went to 135th Street and Lenox Avenue in Harlem to watch people buy newspapers at the corner’s four newsstands. Wash- ington’s riot had ended ten days earlier, while Chicago’s still raged, and Loving wanted to know how closely New Yorkers were following the events. What he saw greatly impressed him. Eager readers snapped up new editions as soon as they arrived, thousands of copies selling within ten minutes. “People, white and black, actually scramble to get these papers,” he marveled, and the “bigger and more sensational the head- lines, the quicker the paper is sold.” Loving worried that New York was on the brink of its own race riot. “Never before have the Negroes of Harlem been so worked up over anything as they are at present over the recent race riot in Washington and the present one in Chicago,” he remarked ominously.1 Loving was not exaggerating New York’s racial tensions. Late on the night of July 19, an argument between two men – one black, the other white – almost led to a riot in Harlem. According to the New York Times, when the white man disputed something the black man said, the latter drew a handgun and fired five shots, wounding two bystanders. By the time a police captain and fifteen officers arrived, “several thousand excited negroes” had filled 127th Street between Second and Third Avenues.
    [Show full text]
  • “Speak out Now When Others Grow Silent”: the Messenger, the IWW and Debates Over New Negro Radicalism
    “Speak out now when others grow silent”: The Messenger, the IWW and debates over New Negro radicalism George Robertson ________________________________________________________________________ “Ere long the country may look forward to full (sic) fledged Negro radicals who will measure up to the standards of modern economic and political radicalism.” Messenger, December 1919. “We have constantly maintained that the solution to the Negro Problem rests with the alliance of Negroes with radical organizations.” Messenger, February 1920. “Negroes and Industrial Workers of the World have interests not only in common, but interests that are identical.” Messenger, October 1919. The social and economic cleavages created during World War I facilitated a world- wide political left-turn, with increasing numbers of workers, both white and black, questioning the political and economic status quo and embracing social movement organizations devoted to the dismantling or overthrow of capitalism. In the United States, one of the most potent symbol and manifestation of this insurgency was the increasingly close relationship between African Americans and white leftist groups.1 The specter of Red- Black cooperation provoked a convergence of racist and anti-radical reactionary forces in the summer of 1919, with angry urban mobs seeking to punish recalcitrant blacks, and J. Edgar Hoover’s Bureau of Intelligence effectively race-baiting and imprisoning radicals of both races. In the context of this pervasive violence and repression at home, and American imperialist intervention abroad, many black radicals argued the need for new thinking, new tactics and new leadership that eschewed liberal reformism, challenged blind patriotism and 1 1 Rod Bush, We Are Not What We Seem: Black Nationalism and Class Struggle in the American Century (New York: New York University Press, 1999), 90.
    [Show full text]