Fortified Wine Production
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WINE TOUR: ANDALUCIA in a GLASS (Small Exclusive Group Tour 4-12 People)
Escorted Tours in Andalusia WINE TOUR: ANDALUCIA IN A GLASS (Small exclusive group tour 4-12 people) Whether you are a seasoned fine wine aficionado or simply a lover of the grape looking to enjoy and better your knowledge of it, Andalusia is definitely the place for you! Wine in Andalusia has come a long way since 1100 BC when the Phoenicians first planted their vineyards in the fertile lands of Cadiz. By Roman times, wine was being produced in Andalusia in a big way and interestingly enough, this continued through Moorish times; despite the fact that the Koran frowns on the consumption of alcohol, some found creative ways to interpret the Koran’s words on wine, providing some justification such as medicinal purposes. From the 15th century onwards, Andalusian wines were shipped to appreciative drinkers elsewhere in Europe, particularly England, where there was a great fondness for Sack (as Sherry was called then) and sweet wines from Malaga. This happy situation prevailed until the 19th century when European vineyards were affected by the Oidium fungus (Powdery Mildew), followed by an even more devastating plague of Phylloxera (American vine root louse) which first appeared in Bordeaux in 1868 and spread to South Spain 20 years later. As a result, vineyards were replanted with plague-resistant American rootstock, while some, sadly, never fully recovered... From the historic sherries of Jerez, to the up-and-coming new vineyards in Ronda and Granada province, Andalusia boasts numerous top-quality wines. There are over 40.000 hectares of vineyards planted in 20 regions with over half of the wine production concentrated over 4 major ‘Denominación de Origen’ (D.O. -
Redalyc.Alternative Processing of Port-Wine Using Pectolytic Enzymes
Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria ISSN: 1135-8122 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos México Rogerson, F.S.S; Vale, E.; Grande, H.J.; Silva, M.C.M. Alternative processing of port-wine using pectolytic enzymes Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria, vol. 2, núm. 5, julio, 2000, pp. 222-227 Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos Reynosa, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72420501 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 222-227, 2000 Copyright 2000 Asociación de Licenciados en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de Galicia (ALTAGA). ISSN 1135-8122 ALTERNATIVE PROCESSING OF PORT-WINE USING PECTOLYTIC ENZYMES PROCESADO ALTERNATIVO DEL VINO DE OPORTO USANDO ENZIMAS PECTOLÍTICOS PROCESADO ALTERNATIVO DO VIÑO DE OPORTO USANDO ENZIMAS PECTOLÍTICOS Rogerson, F.S.S*1; Vale, E.3; Grande, H.J.2; Silva, M.C.M.3 1* Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto. Portugal. E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Licentec, Bernadottelaan 15, P.O.Box 8323, 3503 RH Utrecht, The Netherlands. 3 Escola Superior de Biotecnologia/Universidade Católica. Rua Dr.Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200 Porto. Portugal. Recibido: 24 de Octubre de 1999; recibida versión revisada: 9 de Marzo de 2000; aceptado: 15 de Marzo de 2000 Received: 24 October 1999; rreceived in revised form: 9 March 2000; accepted: 15 March 2000 Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the application of a commercial pectolytic enzyme preparation “Ultrazym” during grape maceration for the alternative processing of 7 single varietal Port-Wines (Tinta Barroca, Mourisco Tinto, Tinta Roriz, Rufete, Tinta da Barca, Tinta Santarém and Touriga Nacional). -
Addendum CSS 2021
Addendum regarding: The 2021 Certified Specialist of Spirits Study Guide, as published by the Society of Wine Educators Note: This document outlines the substantive changes to the 2021 Study Guide as compared to the 2020 version of the CSW Study Guide. All page numbers reference the 2020 version. Please note that in addition to the information noted below, the tables concerning top-selling brands of particular types of spirits have been updated to reflect the most current statistics available. Page 10: The information regarding congeners was expanded to include the following: Congeners: The preceding explanation of distillation has been simplified by using the example of a solution made of only ethyl alcohol and water. However, many other compounds are created during fermentation and as a result, there are other compounds besides water and alcohol present in a fermented solution. Known as congeners, these compounds are responsible for much of the aroma and flavor—besides that of pure ethyl alcohol and water—of a fermented beverage or a distilled spirit. Specific congeners include the various acids, esters, aldehydes, fusel oils, and alcohols (other than ethanol) that are developed during fermentation. During distillation, congeners may vaporize and blend in with the ethanol–water vapors; however, each specific congener will react differently based on three factors: boiling point, solubility (in ethanol and water), and specific gravity. In addition, the heat of the distillation process—via a series of chemical changes known as pyrolysis—may cause some compounds to change form, creating new and different congeners that may be passed onto the finished product. -
Effects of Social Media on Enotourism. Two Cases Study: Okanagan Valley (Canada) and Somontano (Spain)
sustainability Article Effects of Social Media on Enotourism. Two Cases Study: Okanagan Valley (Canada) and Somontano (Spain) F. J. Cristófol 1 , Gorka Zamarreño Aramendia 2,* and Jordi de-San-Eugenio-Vela 3 1 ESIC, Business & Marketing School, Market Research and Quantitative Methods Department, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Theory and Economic History, University Malaga, 29013 Malaga, Spain 3 Communication Department, University of Vic; 08500 Vic, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-607-91-40-68 Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 17 August 2020; Published: 19 August 2020 Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the social media effects on enotourism. Two territories of similar extension and with historical coincidences in their development have been selected: the Okanagan Valley, Canada, and the region of Somontano, Spain. Methodologically, an analysis of the content on Twitter has been performed, collecting 1377 tweets. The conclusion is that wineries create sentimental and experiential links with the users, avoiding commercial communications. Specifically, Okanagan wineries establish a relevant conversation network on Twitter based on the high percentage of responses, which is 31.3%, but this is not so in the case of Somontano, which is 12.8%. The tourist attractions most used to create a bond are the wine landscape and the gastronomy in the case of both territories. The tourism sustainability variable remains a minor matter in the emission of messages on Twitter. Keywords: social network analysis; sustainable tourism; web 2.0; enotourism; Twitter; Somontano wines; Okanagan Valley wines; wines of British Columbia 1. -
The Blurring of Alcohol Categories (PDF)
4401 Ford Avenue, Suite 700, Alexandria, VA 22302-1433 Tel: (703) 578-4200 Fax: (703) 850-3551 www.nabca.org The Blurring of Alcohol Categories The Blurring of Alcohol Categories William C. Kerr, Ph.D. Deidre Patterson, M.P.H. Thomas K. Greenfield, Ph.D. Alcohol Research Group Prepared for the National Alcohol Beverage Control Association (NABCA) June 2013 National Alcohol Beverage Control Association. ©All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. TABLE OF CONTENTS Drink Alcohol Content......................................................1 Differential regulation and taxation by beverage type........2 Defining beer, wine and spirits products: Current definitions and recent changes........................7 Beer........................................................................7 Wine....................................................................10 Spirits..................................................................13 New products, especially flavored malt beverages with high alcoholic strength, have complicated beverage type definitions for both consumers and regulators.............................15 New and older products that blur beverage type definitions.........................................................15 More diverse beer products ...........................................15 What forces are driving -
Carte De Vins À L'emporter
CARTE DES VINS À EMPORTER Les blancs 0,375 ml 0,50 cl 0,75cl Fendant Grande Réserve La Cinquiéme Saison Mar>gny 23.- Èlevé dans des cuves des grès blans (céramique) Fendant Marco Pedroni Saxon 14.- 18.- Fendant Cave la Rodeline Fully 15.- Fendant Cave L'Orlaya Fully 11.- 18.- X Sweet Domaine Dussex Saillon 23.- Fendant légèrement douce Fendant Les Bans Gérald Besse Mar>gny 18.- Johannisberg Gérald Besse Mar>gny 11.- 18.- Johannisberg Cave Le Grillon Fully 15.- Johannisberg André Roduit & Fils Fully 18.- Johannisberg BIO Daniel Maliocco Chamoson 19.- Pe>te Arvine mi-flétri Gérard Dorsaz Fully 21.- Pe>te Arvine André Roduit & Fils Fully 17.- 26.- Pe>te Arvine Cave La Rodeline Fully 33.- Pe>te Arvine Cave L'Orlaya Fully 18.- 28.- Pe>te Arvine Cave La Tulipe Fully 23.- Pe>te Arvine Cave des Amis Fully 25.- Pe>te Arvine Cave de L'Alchémille Fully 11.- 19.- Pe>te Arvine Gérald Besse Mar>gny 26.- Arvine rebelle ( légèrement douce ) Pe>te Arvine 1.5L MAGNUM Gérard Dorsaz Fully 42.- 0,375 ml 0,50 cl 0,75cl Païen Cave Les Collines Charrat 16.- Ermitage de Fully La Cinquiéme Saison Mar>gny 25.- Légèrement douce Heida / Païen Cave des Amandiers Saillon 17.- 24.- Humagne Blanche André Roduit & Fils Fully 17.- Humagne Blanche Domaine Dussex Saillon 24.- Muscat Cave Le Grillon Fully 12.- Muscat Domaine d'Ollon Domaine Rouvinez Sierre 20.- Sauvignon blanc Gérard Dorsaz Fully 18.- Sauvignon blanc Les Perrieres Genève 24.- Doral Cave des Amis Fully 25.- Chasselas et chardonay Pinot Blanc de Charrat Cave du Chavalard Fully 15.- Pinot Gris 18 Mois barrique -
Alcohol Units a Brief Guide
Alcohol Units A brief guide 1 2 Alcohol Units – A brief guide Units of alcohol explained As typical glass sizes have grown and For example, most whisky has an ABV of 40%. popular drinks have increased in A 1 litre (1,000ml) bottle of this whisky therefore strength over the years, the old rule contains 400ml of pure alcohol. This is 40 units (as 10ml of pure alcohol = one unit). So, in of thumb that a glass of wine was 100ml of the whisky, there would be 4 units. about 1 unit has become out of date. And hence, a 25ml single measure of whisky Nowadays, a large glass of wine might would contain 1 unit. well contain 3 units or more – about the The maths is straightforward. To calculate units, same amount as a treble vodka. take the quantity in millilitres, multiply it by the ABV (expressed as a percentage) and divide So how do you know how much is in by 1,000. your drink? In the example of a glass of whisky (above) the A UK unit is 10 millilitres (8 grams) of pure calculation would be: alcohol. It’s actually the amount of alcohol that 25ml x 40% = 1 unit. an average healthy adult body can break down 1,000 in about an hour. So, if you drink 10ml of pure alcohol, 60 minutes later there should be virtually Or, for a 250ml glass of wine with ABV 12%, none left in your bloodstream. You could still be the number of units is: suffering some of the effects the alcohol has had 250ml x 12% = 3 units. -
Effect of Temperature and Duration of Maceration on Colour and Sensory Properties of Red Wine: a Review
Effect of Temperature and Duration of Maceration on Colour and Sensory Properties of Red Wine: A Review Hasan Şener Biotechnology Branch, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Turkey Submitted for publication: December 2017 Accepted for publication: March 2018 Key words: Cold maceration, skin contact, total phenols, aroma, colour, wine The maceration process plays an important role in the composition of the colour and sensory properties of red wine by facilitating the extraction of phenolic and aromatic compounds found in grapes. This review summarises the key findings from a study of the literature associated with research on the effects of the temperature and duration of maceration on the phenolic content, colour and sensory properties of red wine. In the past, many researchers have reported that higher maceration temperatures increase the extraction of phenolic compounds and enhance red wine colour, but low-temperature pre-fermentative techniques have become more popular in recent years due to their positive effects on wine composition, including lower oxidation of anthocyanin pigments and aroma compounds, inhibition of undesirable enzymatic activities, and an environment that is less conductive to microbial growth. Macerations carried out at low temperature ranges (10°C to 15°C) result in red wines with the highest levels of total phenolic content, anthocyanin and colour intensity, and richer fruity, flowery and spicy aroma. The duration of maceration has also been shown to have significant effects on red wine phenolic compounds, colour properties and the relevant sensory attributes. Studies show that prolonged maceration leads to a stable red colour, as well as richer tannin content, polymeric pigments and astringency. -
Influence of Sweetness and Ethanol Content on Mead Acceptability
Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 2015, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 137–142 DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2015-0006 http://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl Original article Section: Food Quality and Functionality Infl uence of Sweetness and Ethanol Content on Mead Acceptability Teresa Gomes, Teresa Dias, Vasco Cadavez, João Verdial, Jorge Sá Morais, Elsa Ramalhosa*, Letícia M. Estevinho Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA - Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Stª Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301–855 Bragança, Bragança, Portugal Key words: mead, sweetness, ethanol content, fermentations, sensory analysis Mead is a traditional alcoholic beverage obtained by fermenting mead wort; however, its production still remains frequently an empirical exercise. Different meads can be produced, depending on fermentation conditions. Nevertheless, to date few studies have been developed on factors that may infl uence mead quality. The main objective of this work was to study the infl uence of sweetness and ethanol content on mead acceptability. Different meads were produced with two sweetness levels (sweet and dry meads) and three ethanol contents (18, 20, 22% (v/v)), adjusted by brandy addition. Afterwards, meads acceptability was evaluated by sensory analysis through a consumers’ panel (n=108) along with chemical analysis by HPLC-RID of glucose, fructose, ethanol, glycerol and acetic acid. The sweet (75 gglucose+fructose/L) and dry (23 gglucose+fructose/L) meads presented glycerol contents equal to 5.10±0.54 and 5.96±0.95 g/L, respectively, that were desirable since glycerol improves mead quality. Low concentrations of acetic acid were determined (0.46±0.08 and 0.57±0.09 g/L), avoiding the vinegar off-character. -
Capture the True Essence of the State in a Glass of Wine
For more information please visit www.WineOrigins.com and follow us on: www.facebook.com/ProtectWineOrigins @WineOrigins TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION 2. WHO WE ARE Location is the key ingredient in wine. In fact, each bottle showcases 3. WHY LOCATION MATTERS authentic characteristics of the land, air, water and weather from which it 4. THE DECLARATION originated, and the distinctiveness of local grape growers and winemakers. 5. SIGNATORY REGIONS • Bordeaux Unfortunately, there are some countries that do not adequately protect • Bourgogne/Chablis a wine’s true place of origin on wine labels allowing for consumers to be • Champagne misled. When a wine’s true place of origin is misused, the credibility of the • Chianti Classico industry as a whole is diminished and consumers can be confused. As • Jerez-Xérès-Sherry such, some of the world’s leading wine regions came together to sign the • Long Island Joint Declaration to Protect Wine Place & Origin. By becoming signatories, • Napa Valley members have committed to working together to raise consumer awareness • Oregon and advocate to ensure wine place names are protected worldwide. • Paso Robles • Porto You can help us protect a wine’s true place of origin by knowing where your • Rioja wine is grown and produced. If you are unsure, we encourage you to ask • Santa Barbara County and demand that a wine’s true origin be clearly identified on its label. • Sonoma County Truth-in-labeling is important so you can make informed decisions when • Tokaj selling, buying or enjoying wines. • Victoria • Walla Walla Valley • Washington State We thank you for helping us protect the sanctity of wine growing regions • Western Australia worldwide and invite you to learn more at www.wineorigins.com. -
Dorina Lindemann
Dorina Lindemann Portugal Alentejo Although Portugal is a small country, it is a wine-lover's This DOC region known for its quality wine is situated Utopia, with vineyards covering 240,000 hectares, making it in the south of Portugal, bound by the Atlantic Ocean the sixth largest viticultural country in the world. Home to to the west and Spain to the east. It is one of the largest 14 different wine-growing regions and 29 sub-regions, it wine-growing regions in the country, although only five boasts an incredible diversity of landscapes, soil structures per cent of its arable land is used for viticulture. In the and grapevine varieties unrivalled elsewhere. The heart of this region high average temperatures archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal - and as such, contribute to its rich wine heritage. dominate and the soils alternate between granite, slate, and lime; these two factors are what accounts for the Phoenicians, Romans and Greeks brought grapevines and diversity in the taste of the region's wines. viticulture to Portugal. Portuguese wine enjoyed its heyday in the 18th century, and it was during this period (1756) that Over time, this sunny region has increasingly become the world's first officially denominated wine-growing region the preferred place of origin of authentic, fruity wines was established. which are elegant and modern too. These wines have become something of a success story over the last few As one of the warmest European countries, its climate is years, due in large part to the incredible diversity of characterised by the Atlantic Ocean as well as the continental autochthonous grapevine varieties for which they have influences of the Iberian Peninsula to the east, and marked variations in temperature, especially in the Alentejo region. -
Fortified Wine – Specification
a ICS 67.160.10 DMS 1388:2016 First edition DRAFT MALAWI STANDARD Fortified wine – Specification NOTE – This is a draft proposal and shall neither be used nor regarded as a Malawi standard ICS 67.160.10 DMS 1388:2016 Fortified wine – Specification Obtainable from the Malawi Bureau of Standards Moirs Road P O Box 946 BLANTYRE Tel: +265 1 870 488 Fax: +265 1 870 756 E-mail: [email protected] Web-site: www.mbsmw.org Price based on 4 pages © Copyright reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents page Foreword…………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………… i Technical committee…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. i Notice……………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………..... i Scope…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Normative references…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Terms and definitions..…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Essential composition and quality factors……………………………………………………………………………..2 Food additives…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....3 Contaminants……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Hygiene………………..………………………………………………………………………………….......................4 Packaging and labelling……………………..…………………………………………………………………………. 4 Sampling and methods of test……………………………………………………………………………………….... 4 FOREWORD This draft proposal has been prepared by MBS/TC 11, the Technical Committee on Beverages to provide requirements for fortified wine. In preparing this draft Malawi standard reference was made to the following standards: East African Standard, EAS 139:2013, Fortified wine – Specification. Indian Standard, IS 14398:2005,