sundsvall • östersund • Trondheim – A DEVELOPMENT ZONE FOR FUTURE TRANSPORT | www.greenhighway.nu

GREEN SWEDEN/NORWAY HIGHWAY magaZinE 2013/2014 >> Guides New business a BILITY SUSTAIN Global GREEN Contents HIGHWAY 3 Green Highway boosts green development magaZinE 6 Green and boundless 7 World-leading electricity You are holding the second issue of Green Highway Magazine. Just as in the in Storlien first issue, you can read about many interesting and intriguing aspects of the project. This time we have a particular focus on Green Highway from an exter- 8 News & notes nal perspective. We also offer many good examples, big and small, and highlight 10 Solar energy charges unique investments in the field of sustainable transport. electric vehicles Green Highway’s foundation is the partnership between Sundsvall, Östersund 11 TFM – new technology making and Trondheim, which is now well-developed. It is built on mutual obligations the electric vehicle industry and a shared commitment to the region, which stretches from the Baltic Sea to more efficient the Atlantic Ocean, encompassing the counties of Västernorrland, Jämtland and 12 Postal services on a Tröndelag. green route On the basis of the partnership between the cities, we are also aiming to build strong ties with other municipalities in the region. Expanding this coopera- 13 Posten Norge wants to be tion is potentially a huge resource for regional development, and the collabora- Norway’s greenest transport tion of public and private stakeholders throughout the region is a decisive factor business in this. From this perspective, it is natural that we – as representatives of the 13 Electric goods vehicles three biggest cities in the region – have a particularly clear responsibility. – a financial saving? And, with that said, we hope you find Green Highway Magazine to be re- 14 Fast, fun and smart warding reading! – new charging infrastructure 16 Testing is over, now Zbee meets the world 17 More efficient driving with electric taxis 17 Ebusco, a quiet and ­convenient electric bus 18 Tesla opens in Trondheim 20 New technology ends AnnSofie Andersson range anxiety Municipal Commissioner, Östersund 21 Åre Östersund Airport, ­aiming to be carbon neutral 22 How it works – a guide to ­vehicles and fuels

Jörgen Berglund 24 FAQ – we have the answers Municipal Commissioner, Sundsvall to your questions 25 Where green solutions are top of mind 26 EV Power develops a new pay- ment system Rita Ottervik 28 Andreas Gyllenhammar – Municipal Commissioner, Trondheim shifting power in the world of sustainability

PUBLISHED BY: GREEN HIGHWAY

PUBLISHED BY: GREEN HIGHWAY PRODUCTION: Editor – Janna Thalén; Design – Syre; Printing – Berndtssons.com 2013. WRITERS: Elisabet Aagård, Helena Bredberg, Janna Thalén. TRANSLATION: Åre Translation PHOTOS/ILLUSTRATIONS: Tommy Andersson, Jämtkraft, Gösta Fries, Helene Gedda, Scanpix Sweden/Bengt O Nordin BON

Do you want to know more about Green Highway? EUROPEAN UNION European regional development fund Read more at www.greenhighway.nu.

Page 2 fries G östa >>

Green Highway powering the EU’s green transition Climate targets are tough to meet, and the EU is facing the challenge of how to drastically reduce emissions of greenhouse gases over the coming decades. Work on smart, sustainable growth goes hand-in-hand with environmental work. Green Highway is contributing to Europe’s green future by making the EU’s targets reality.

Page 3 Jens Nilsson, Member of the European Parliament (s) Reducing emissions from transport is an important part of achieving the EU targets for greenhouse gas emissions. We need to reduce emissions by 80-95 per cent by 2050, compared to the levels in 1990. In order to achieve this we must increase the rate at which we are currently reducing emissions. The target for 2020 is a 20 per cent drop in emissions, but recent calculations show that a reduction of at least ­ N

O 25 per cent is required to reach the overall target for 2050. Sadly, progress is just too slow. Raised targets are rdin B being stopped one after another and real action is not being taken. engt O No /B However, there is a little light on the horizon. This

weden spring the European Parliament agreed on reduced carbon x S emissions from cars and vans, including the establishment canpi

S of a long-term emissions target for 2025, which is impor- tant for both the climate and the transport sector. It cre- ates a level of predictability for the industry and reduces transport costs, as well as bringing benefits for the climate EU targets and environment. More decisions of this kind are required. We need a positive circle, where definite measures to reduce emis- sions lead to tougher legislation on reductions in emis- reduced sions, and where higher targets result in more innovations and climate-smart investments. Local initiatives are vital, as the regions must be the workshops that make this transformation a success. The clock is ticking and it’s emissions time to act. Confessions of a small municipality Being a small municipality on the Green Highway “For Meråker, it’s all about getting to know the benefits results in opportunities and some concerns. In Meråker, of Green Highway,” says Torbjørn Berg Strømstad. Norway, the project is primarily seen as an opportunity One of these benefits could be developing the Teveltu- to develop the municipality as a tourist destination. net activities area, between Trondheim and Östersund, as “We don’t have any real ambitions to make active a destination. contributions to the various new technical innovations “Another aspect that a small municipality can make that come with Green Highway, but the environmen- use of is that Green Highway has established communica- tal aspect of the project is interesting and matches our tion channels. Being part of Green Highway brings both branding,” says Torbjørn Berg Strømstad, who is head of demands and opportunities.” the municipality’s business unit. Text: Elisabet Aagård He describes how Meråker Municipality has branded itself in the outdoor sector as a place where you can climb mountains, spend time in the wilderness and which has a ski college that produces healthy young adults - and where the municipality works with the idea of green tour- ism. Meråker has a fast charger for electric vehicles and, in partnership with Åre Municipality, there are plans for a cycle route between Enafors and Meråker. “Of course, Green Highway has a great focus on elec- tric cars, but we hope that it will also act as an attraction in itself; that Green Highway can be a destination that is worth travelling along thanks to the sights around it,” says Torbjørn Berg Strømstad. For Meråker, Green Highway has meant encounters with thoughts and ideas that would not otherwise have crossed the municipality’s boundaries. Can electric cars be driven here? How could that happen? Can we do this before there is a good electric car with four-wheel-drive?

Page 4 Electricity in Almedalen During the Almedalen Week in Visby, on the island of Got- land, among politicians, influential people, decision-makers and lobbyists, one electric car attracted a great deal of interest and embodied the message of Green Highway and Jämtkraft – there are fossil-free transport solutions that work. Two popular semi- nars gathered power companies, vehicle manufacturers, trade and industry and public bodies, so they could discuss future power sources in the transport sector. “Our aim with the seminars was to create an open univer- sity at which we could discuss long-term, sustainable solutions. A panel debate with a number of politicians also allowed us to hear their opinions on bonuses for green vehicles in general and for cars in particular,” says Hans Dunder, social planner at Ånge gets a boost Sundsvall Municipality and a representative of Green Highway. One definite outcome of the activities in Almedalen was from Green Highway that a number of stakeholders in the public and private sectors started an informal network so they can work more effectively In this context, with around 9,600 inhabitants, Ånge on investments in fossil-free alternatives. Hans Dunder is not Municipality is a small stakeholder – but this hasn’t stopped surprised. Linn Glad, energy and climate adviser for Ånge and Bräcke “Almedalen is an incredible meeting place,” he says. municipalities, from talking about energy issues and electri- cally-powered transport with residents. In cooperation with Green Highway, a theme day was held on 16 May 2013 in Ånge’s town square, on the subject of electric vehicles and Read what Andreas Gyllenhammar charging infrastructure. has to say about shifting power in “There is a great need for information and knowledge. the world of sustainability – page 28. The aim of the event was to break down barriers around electric vehicles and to provide inspiration for stakeholder partnerships that can lead to more charging opportunities,” says Linn Glad. The event brought together many local individuals and companies, which also showed interest in financing more charging stations. “Good green profiling is becoming more important to businesses, and they can see a potential for increased sales when customers stop and shop,” she continues. Cooperating with Green Highway has given Linn Glad access to networks and ready-made information concepts. 88%Of all personal transportation takes place on “Green Highway means an incredible amount to a small the road and this will continue to be the case municipality like ours. Previously, I had problems reaching for the foreseeable future, particularly in out with information and it was tough to get people to take rural areas. We have to stop seeing cars as a part in activities, but now there are established contacts with vehicle traders, for example. Also, the way that one of the problem in our climate politics and see them as world’s longest stretches of road adapted for electric vehicles part of the solution. cuts through the county is an argument that’s difficult to Minister of Transport Marit Arnstad, Norway beat,” she says with a laugh. Another positive effect of the investments in Green High- This quote is about the recently way is getting up-to-date information about what is happen- presented national infrastruc- ing in the transport sector, according to Linn Glad. ture plan for Norway, which “The project highlights local examples, which are impor- stretches to 2015 and aims to tant in getting companies to take action,” she says. make electric cars a natural Experience exchanges with other small municipalities in part of road traffic. The plan both Sweden and Norway are also important. Through Green concludes with a requirement for Highway, Linn Glad has made contact with her counterpart 249 new fast charging stations in a Norwegian municipality, a meeting that would probably in and around the major cities, not have occurred without the help of the project’s network. along transport corridors and in Text: Janna Thalén rural areas.

Page 5 Green and boundless – Sweden and Norway in a fruitful partnership

Top marks in meeting targets for economic growth. According to a recent evaluation, Green Highway takes a podium place among the 115 projects that are part of Interreg. ­Enthusiastic politicians, good cooperation between east and west and a ­focus on networking are all ingredients in its recipe for ­success.

The mountains are white in the distance. In the village, the weather is ­alternating between mist and sun on the beautiful autumn day that Sweden and Norway meet in Åre. It’s not the first time that Kjell Inge Stellander and Tomas Arvidsson, both project managers with Green Highway, in Trondheim and Östersund respectively, have met here. Along with Johan Klockar Öhrnell from Sundsvall, they are used to meeting somewhere along the 450 km long route that is the Green Highway. Sundsvall, Östersund and Trondheim are the nodes in the SÖT partnership that forms the framework of investments in Green Highway. This ambitious Interreg Sweden-Norway programme for 2007-2013, with a budget totalling EUR 120 million, was recently evaluated; of 115 projects, Green Highway was one of three projects that received top marks in all the criteria in the evaluation model. This is an excellent grade says Tomas Arvidsson, who thinks one explanation is that Green Highway is happening at the right time. “Climate conferences in Rio and Copenhagen and tough targets in the EU and nationally mean that Green Highway is a practical tool for responding to the issues being raised,” he says. It is also very important that the region has a long tradition of working in an east-west direction, according to Kjell Inge Stellander. “There has been a long-term approach and clear political commitment from the very beginning. Politicians have chosen to see the opportunities and we have responded to their ambitions and delivered concrete results.” By working strategically with an extensive network, Green Highway has created attractive meeting places for business and public bodies. One example is Ånge Municipality, which held a theme day on electric transport in partnership with Green Highway, where the municipality, power companies, vehicle traders and local businesses met to exchange experiences and enter business agreements. “Our task is to gather influential partners, such as power companies, who can invest in and actually build charging stations or develop new products and services,” explains Tomas Arvidsson.

Kjell Inge Stellander estimates that spin-off projects worth around SEK 40 million have been developed in the wake of Green Highway. There is no doubt that there is a commercial value to the Green Highway brand, something that business and the public sector can use to their advantage. “Even at an early stage, we received indications that other areas and coun- tries were interested in using the brand strategically, which has given us a reason to think commercially. Our aim is to increase the competitiveness of business and to create an attractive region for both residents and tourists,” concludes Kjell Inge Stellander.

Text: Janna Thalén

Kjell Inge Stellander and Tomas Arvidsson on the way to a greener future.

Page 6 Gösta Fries winter conditions,” he says. he conditions,” winter demanding work in even they that and areas, rural in technology the and infrastructure the have we that show can we Now phenomenon. investment: the about enthusiastic is Trondheim, in Highway Green for manager project Stellander, Inge Kjell destinations. as attractive themselves profile to keen are which Åre, and Storlien as such resorts mountain as well as perspective, environmental an from trade cross-border vibrant the influence to chance the there’s abonus, As direction. east-west an in coast to coast from smoothly travel to it possible makes and countries two the links Storlien in station charging the Placing ral. natu it’s entirely actually –though Sweden and Norway between border the on mountains, the in high located is station charging tive,” says. he posi very being as see we which region, the for corridor transport important an as Sundsvall and Trondheim between route the regard Sweden. in invest to chosen has Transnova Norwegian that bonus extra an it as sees Östersund, in Highway Green for manager project Tomas Arvidsson, transport. climate-efficient promote to initiative Norway, astate in Transnova and Power, NTE EV Sverige, COOP Jämtkraft, Highway, of Green alongside ourprogressivepartner,” explainsKjellIngeStellander. innovatively, anddemonstrateshowwewantto workinthefuture but isanall-in-one,politically, environmentally, economicallyand ­Norwegian-Swedish perspective.Itdoesn’t justlinktwocountries, journey. their continue to power the without be will vehicle electric of an owner no that is idea the standards, charging available the all with ible compat is charger fast multi-standard the As example. for systems, of payment arange with communicate it can that means which smart, it’s also fast, only not is station the technology, latest very the With time. same the at recharge can vehicles up five to that so ele World-leading A ing station,thatlinkseastandwest,ishere. manent residents. Thenew multi-standard fastcharg- in Storlien,asmallmountainvillagewithjust76per andversatilechargingstationsopened most modern In theheartofbitterwinter, oneoftheworld’s S torlien’s c torlien’s irst glan t first “In the rest of Europe, electric vehicles are regarded as an urban urban an as regarded are vehicles electric of Europe, rest the “In “Instead of focusing on borders as a barrier, they have chosen to to chosen have they abarrier, as borders on of focusing “Instead consists that apartnership is station Storlien’s charging Behind “The chargingstationissymbolicallyimportantfroma *  * Garo smart charger with two 32A/400V chargers * ChargeStorm smart charger with two 32A/400V chargers standards: following the has which Storlien, in station ing charg the at recharge can future, foreseeable the in models new and market, the on currently vehicles electric the All A F standards and one connector for charging at AC 43 kW. AC 43 at charging for connector one and standards CCS and CHAdeMO for charger fast multi-standard Garo C c TS tri harging station is c is station harging c e, it may seem strange that a multi-standard fast fast amulti-standard that strange seem it may c it y in S overed and has several spaces, spaces, several has and torlien T e x t : J anna T hal - - - - é - n

Page 7 Not just pedal power in Bräcke If you leave your car or quad bike in for service at Bräcke Sport & Fritid and are unsure about how to get home, its owner Håkan Larsson has the answer – an elec- tric bike. Borrowing an electric bike has become popular and there is a great deal of surprise about how well they work. “Many people were critical and wor- ried that the battery would run out, but capacity has greatly improved and I think New route choices 70 km is enough for most people,” says Håkan Larsson and laughs. and clean air The borrowed bikes have boosted sales. The municipal home care service recently The focus was on Europe’s mobility on 16-22 September, when purchased two electric bikes to make it thousands of cities around Europe participated in the European easy to visit clients. Mobility Week – an event to encourage people to try out alternative “Hills can be hard work on an ordinary transport solutions with the aim of creating sustainable transport bike. With an electric bike all you have to for the future. This year’s theme was “Clean air – it’s your move”. do is move the pedals and the electric mo- Östersund took part in European Mobility Week for the eleventh tor does the rest”, explains Håkan. year in a row and, for seven busy days, interested visitors could learn all about electric vehicles, look at electric car rallying, try electric bikes and take courses in charging electric cars or refilling biogas, as well as many other things. Green Highway hosted two Best in popular seminars on the themes of the road to freedom from fossil fuels and the opportunities presented by biogas. Around 50 activities were arranged in total, with the help of electric about 40 partners. Early next year, it will be announced which European city will win the prize for the best organiser of European Mobility Week 2013. Östersund has been among the top ten or- cars ganisers for a number of years, and last year shared second place Östersund took first place among with Gävle, behind the winner, Zagreb. Read more about European Swedish municipalities, being ranked as Mobility Week at www.mobilityweek.eu/ the country’s best for electric vehicles in 2012/2013, ahead of municipalities such as Stockholm and Gothenburg. The ranking is based on the number Did you know... of electric vehicles per inhabitant, the number of electric vehicles per car and the that at the end of August 2013, there were 14,462 rechargeable cars number of charging stations per electric on Norwegian roads. Of these, 13,877 were electric cars and 585 vehicle; it is produced by the Easycharge were plug-in hybrids. Source: Grønn Bil. consultancy company in Stockholm.

Page 8 New guides on the internet Read about the latest gas cars in the CNG Vehicles Guide, a global guide that fo- cuses on the Swedish and Norwegian markets for 2013’s models. It has prices, performance and range for biogas operation, information about safety, links for additional reading and much, much more. The Buyers’ Guide for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Cars provides you with the latest news about electric cars, including technical data about new products at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The guide includes the majority of ma- kes and models on the market in 2013, as well as models that are expected to be available in the next 12 months. Compare prices, check range and charging times, assess safety and Charged and ready to roll learn more about battery technology. www.greenhighway.nu/en/vehicle-guides/ The power industry and vehicle manufacturers have now agreed on a common European standard for charging electric vehicles. From 2017, all charging sta- tions in public areas must have fixed cables with type 2 sockets and be connected to the internet. This user-friendly technology is already used in all the charging stations in Östersund and the surrounding area; charging your electric vehicle Quick facts should be easier than filling up with traditional fossil fuels. The Green Highway Increasing numbers of people are investing in area is the first in Europe to have smart charging. There are already more than electric vehicles, not least in Tröndelag where 50 charging stations in and around Östersund and, according to Mikael­ Hag- electric vehicles are now a real success. man at Jämtkraft, the hope is that there will be a few hundred within a year.

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0 0 Interested in how well an electric car would suit your business? Take the chance June 2013 to loan an electric car for free, from seven days to two weeks, and try it out. This offer is aimed at companies, organisations and municipalities and is valid * Number of parking spaces Västernorland November 2013 – June 2014. In return, users will reply to an evaluation survey where you can charge Jämtland your vehicle Sør-Trøndelag about driving an electric car and participate in a follow-up in the summer of ** Electrical vehicles and plug-in Nor-Trøndelag 2014. Contact Green Highway for more information. hybrid electrical vehicles

Page 9 JÄMTKRAFT

Solar power Seventy-six solar panels on the roof of Jämtkraft’s garage in Östersund ensure that the company’s five electric cars can cover 100,000 km annually on renewable power. This is a solar power test ­system to see how much energy can be generated at our latitudes and to provide knowledge that may benefit future owners of electric cars.

Six months into the project, the results are surprisingly metering means that you can recoup it within a reasonable positive, though whether this is due to an unusually fine time, according to Daniel Köbi. early spring or the sun in Jämtland being more effective than “Solar power is a simple, obvious way for companies to expected remains to be seen. Daniel Köbi, project manager boost their environmental profile. If you choose to invest in and responsible for the investments in solar power, enthu- one or more electric cars it makes sense to review the energy siastically displays the graph of the spring and summer’s issue in its entirety. This is a part of the future’s electricity production. grid, not least in the Green Highway area where increasing “There are fewer sunshine hours in March and April, numbers are choosing electric cars as a potential means of but the cold means that the solar cells produce more power. transport.” This is interesting from a consumer perspective, because in More people are becoming interested in solar energy and the spring we probably consume more electricity than during the number of installed systems is increasing, bringing an the summer,” explains Daniel Köbi. upswing for industries that see a new niche to move into, Jämtkraft is investing in solar power on its customers’ such as electricians and roofers. behalf; increasing interest in micro-production among Jämt- “More overall knowledge is needed, and we want to kraft’s customers has led to more demands on knowledge contribute to it. At present we won’t be making large-scale and information. investments, but some people think that our local offices “It’s important that we understand how it works so that should have solar panels too. We’ll see,” says Daniel with a we can serve our customers. What’s monthly production laugh. like? How does it differ throughout the year? What’s needed Jämtkraft’s solar power system started operating to be able to build a system? These are questions that we ­February 2013 and will be continually evaluated. NORUT, often get and need to answer,” says Daniel Köbi. the Northern Research Institute in Narvik, has helped to de- It is now possible to have net metering for electricity, sign the system and conducted simulations. The researchers which means that customers offset their own production are hoping to get a better picture of solar radiation in north- against the electricity they use. So far, interest in producing ern Sweden, as the satellites that measure solar radiation do electricity is greatest on the private market, but more and not reach far enough north. more companies are seeing the benefits of having their own Text: Janna Thalén solar power system. There is an investment cost, but net

Page 10 Daniel Köbi, project manager at Elnät together with Henrik Juhlin, business developer at Elhandel. New knowledge with

Facts

Jämtkraft’s system has seventy-six 260W panels, in four serially connected rows mounted at a 45-de- gree angle to the sky, totalling 128 square metres. From February to mid-August 2013, the system has produced 14,248 kWh, which is the equivalent of The City of Östersund and Saab are currently conducting a more than 70,000 km of driving in an electric car. Tpilot project in whichF the municipality’sM electric cars, Peuge- The total annual power production is estimated at ot iON, are equipped with a TFM (Telematic Fleet Main- almost 19,000 kWh. Individuals, businesses and public bodies can tenance system). The system automatically collects data obtain grants from the Swedish Energy Agency about the vehicle – information that can make the entire for up to 35 per cent of the investment cost for electric vehicle industry more efficient. installing solar cells. Apply via the local county administrative board: www.lansstyrelsen.se. TFM brings new opportunities to the electric vehicle market, as the infor- mation that the system generates can make driving more efficient and con- tribute to reducing environmental impact. “For example, we can calculate how much carbon dioxide wasn’t emit- ted due to using an electric car instead of a fossil-fuel vehicle. Daily reduc- tions in environmental impact could be broadcast as live data on a website to inspire others to choose electric vehicles,” says Tomas Fahlén at Saab.

Saab in Lugnvik, which is part of the Green Highway Test Arena network, developed the system and has installed it in fossil-fuel vehicles for a number of years. It’s now been adapted to electric cars and has great potential for the entire chain – from manufacturers to users of electric vehicles. “Vehicle suppliers want to know how and where the vehicle is used, if it has the right performance level, what happened before a fault occurred or information for guarantee issues. The customer wants the same informa- tion to find out whether the car lives up to what it promised, such as range, and how it works in different situations, such as cold weather,” explains Tomas Fahlén. The information is also of interest to people planning fleets of electric vehicles, so they can compare different vehicles and vehicle types. Drivers who are part of a car pool and who book cars via an internet app should be able to see the charging status and temperature, so they can decide whether the car heater should start automatically at a particular time, for example. “In addition, the power company can benefit from knowing where electric vehicles are charged and when power is used in order to develop its offering. There are many areas of use, we just have to utilise the informa- tion,” says Tomas Fahlén.

Text: Helena Bredberg

Facts

The TFM system is connected to the vehicle’s computer network and is used to register and transfer measured data and environmen- Daily production for Jämtkraft’s solar power system in April tal variables from the mobile unit to a central database. 2013 and July 2013. More electricity was produced in April The actual unit is small and easily installed, perhaps under the (2702 kWh) than in July (2333 kWh). There were more days dashboard, and uses an internal or external GPS antenna. The infor- above 100 kWh/day in April (12) than in July (6). The sunny weather in April had a positive effect, but it is important to mation is transferred to a secure central database where it is stored note that solar cells are more efficient at lower temperatures and processed. Reports are then extracted from the database and – despite lower solar radiation it is possible to obtain high the vehicle owner can use them to present any period of time. power output. Reflection from the snow also has a positive effect.

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Environmental work every day at PostNord

More electric vehicles, shorter transports and purchasing fossil-free power are a few of the investments in a green future that are being made by PostNord. In Östersund, moving letterboxes marked the start of Grön Rutt (green route), a simple and effective idea that is now being tested in other areas of Sweden.

Every day, PostNord distributes 11 million letters, “It’s really ridiculously easy. By moving the letterboxes almost 400,000 packages and 11,000 goods pallets to and rubbish bins to one side of the street, we could the 25 million inhabitants and two million companies reduce the distance travelled by 30 per cent, as well as located in the Nordic area. This means many miles improving the working environment and the environ- during the working day and significant environmental ment for residents, who no longer have to worry about impact. PostNord has therefore established what is vehicles reversing through areas where children play,” perhaps the industry’s toughest environmental target – says Per Lundqvist. reducing carbon emissions by 40 per cent before 2020. The trial worked well and there are now around 400 However, achieving this requires a shared vision households in Östersund that are on a “Grön Rutt”. and changes being made at every level. The attitude Six other Swedish municipalities now work according that each saved kilowatt hour or litre of fuel is a way to to the Grön Rutt concept, and another twelve have be economic with the Earth’s and the company’s re- expressed an interest. Because of Green Highway sources characterises all operations, from the strategic and other investments in green traffic, Östersund has level to the practical everyday work done by postmen become a central testing arena for PostNord, and and distributors. In 2013, SEK 100 million has been Renault, Mercedes and Ligier have chosen to conduct allocated to a climate fund which will capture the tests of their electric vehicles in Östersund. employees’ ideas for environmental improvements, put “In general, Posten is at the leading edge when it them into action and so speed up environmental work. comes to using electric vehicles. In Östersund alone Per Lundqvist worked as a postman for many we have 41 fossil-fuel-free vehicles at our two offices, years, but is now a project manager at PostNord in with electric mopeds, bicycles and cars, as well as some Östersund. Two years ago, he contacted the City of Club cars. That’s something worth talking about,” Östersund with an idea he wanted to try out in part- states Per Lundqvist. nership with Tidningstjänst, Grön Trafik and the Text: Janna Thalén municipal waste management services, as well as the Swedish Transport Administration.

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Electric Posten Norge goods vehicles 72% – a true bargain reduction in emissions

From heavy diesel trucks to light electric vehicles. Trøndelag’s postal service has distinguished itself for its environmental work as part of the Norwegian postal company, Posten Norge, which aims to be Norway’s greenest transport business. “Posten Norge has an ambitious target of reducing its CO2 emissions by 30 per cent between 2008 and 2015,” says Anders The maths is simple for Tom Jensen. Businesses are Stenseth, who is head of HR at Posten Norge in Trondheim. interested in making money. Driving electric goods vehic- The “traditional post service”, as he says, is a unit that receives a les can save money. Therefore, businesses should consider great deal of internal attention for being particularly good at work- investing in electric vehicles. Tom Jensen is the managing ing in an environmentally-conscious manner. director of SpareBank 1 SMN Bilplan AS, a company that “We had a two-year project that we started in Trondheim in is part of SpareBank 1 in Trondheim. Bilplan administers 2010, where we wanted to reduce our carbon emissions central in almost 3,000 corporate cars for a range of companies. Trondheim. We succeeded in reducing them by 72 per cent,” he “It is still a new phenomenon, as there aren’t many explains. A great deal of work has dealt with replacing large, thirsty electric goods vehicles on the road. So far, the challenge vehicles with smaller ones. “The entire postal process is different has been the range, but many people who drive this type now. A great deal of post is sent electronically by e-mail and e- of vehicle don’t drive so far, perhaps 50 or 60 km per day. invoicing, so we have to adapt our operations to that reality,” says And that’s not heard in the discussions – that an electric Anders Stenseth. vehicle can actually do this.” These adaptations have meant that 91 diesel vehicles became However, apart from the fact that range makes com- 43 instead. The remaining vehicles have been replaced by 34 panies hesitant, public bodies have been bad at encourag- ­Commarth electric jeeps. Anders Stenseth also explains that their ing companies to get electric vehicles. environmental work has been the subject of great interest, with “We have to help companies to see their environmen- visits and invitations to meetings and seminars around Norway tal impact and to stimulate them to be environmentally and ­Europe. friendly. Purchasing an electric vehicle is a big investment, “We have also participated in a pilot project run by SINTEF, but for some companies the operating costs will be low. about using hydrogen as a fuel. We hope that, in partnership with And there are almost no service costs for an electric car, Green Highway, we can start using biogas vehicles as soon as pos- it’s important to understand that too.” sible. Some of the electric vehicles have limited packing space; we Another thing that would get more companies to need larger vehicles and the number of available electric vehicles purchase electric vehicles, according to Tom Jensen, is with enough range is small. extending Norway’s financially beneficial agreements Text: Elisabet Aagård for electric cars. A 50 per cent lower tax on corporate cars, free tolls, free parking and permission to use lanes for public transport are a few examples. According to Tom Jensen’s calculations of the differences in running costs between the Peugeot Partner e-HDI and the electric equivalent, the Peugeot Partner Electric, the fact that the electric vehicle pays no tolls or parking costs means that it is NOK 72,000 cheaper to run over a five-year period. “The Norwegian state must extend the framework agreement that ends in 2017 until 2020-2025, as then more companies will dare to get electric vehicles. “But it is also important to say that not everyone can drive an electric goods vehicle, though many can. We don’t work with particularly big companies, most of them have a fleet of perhaps 10 vehicles. And if you replace one vehicle with an electric vehicle you have reduced your emissions by 10 per cent. It’s pretty easy...”. Text: Elisabet Aagård

Page 13 To mmy AN derss o n

FAST, FUN & SMART – major investments in charging infrastructure

The Swedish Energy Agency recently approved a project about charging infrastructure for electric vehicles on the Green Highway, a national arena for research and development into fast and smart charging. For stakeholders who wish to invest in charging stations, Christ- mas has come early this year – thanks to the project, it is possible to access financing and expertise for installation, operations and maintenance.

What do drivers think about electric cars? With public financing as its foundation, there is an How will we use electric vehicles in the future? Where opportunity for business, municipal companies and should charging stations be located? There are many other stakeholders to apply for funding for investment questions in the recently approved R&D project Lad- in charging infrastructure via the project holders. It dinfrastruktur för elfordon längs Green Highway is the perfect opportunity, according to Mikael Hag- (Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles on the man, who describes it as an “investment window” for Green Highway) which pleases Mikael Hagman, pro- those who are interested in a cost-effective, customer- ject manager at Jämtkraft, who hopes that the project oriented and user-friendly solution for charging electric with help untie some of the knots the industry strug- cars and hybrid vehicles. On the question of whether it gles with. will be difficult to meet the target of eleven fast charg- “Based on the current number of electric vehicles, ers and at least 82 smart charging stations during the we can conclude that the number of users will increase project period, he smiles and says: exponentially, meaning there will be almost 150,000 “Quite the opposite; it’s first come, first served. Al- electric vehicles in Sweden in 2020. We already know most half the smart chargers have already been taken, that there will be a European standard with fixed and half of the fast chargers as well.” cables from 2017. This project can prepare the region As part of the project, Sundsvalls Elnät has de- and the nation for the major transport revolution we’re cided to install five fast chargers in Sundsvall and the facing,” he says. surrounding area, making it unique in Sweden – and Put simply, the project’s aim is to study the interac- perhaps even in Europe – in relation to the size of the tion between the owners of electric vehicles and the city. Göran Hamlund, who is responsible for develop- charging infrastructure. The charging stations them- ing new products at Sundsvalls Elnät, explains that the selves will be the arena for the study, and vice versa. size of the project creates long-term security.

Page 14 To mmy ANDER ss o n “The conversion to green vehicles can now gather speed. We’re

the right stakeholder to take this initiative, which is also per- To mmy AN derss o n fectly compatible with the tasks we’ve been given by our own- ers,” he says.

For Jämtkraft and the other project holders, more electric vehicles on the roads also mean more business oppor- tunities. New technology allows the use of a range of payment systems, and grid companies can increase their income as in- creasing numbers of people plug their cars in. “Energy issues are our specialist area, and as the region is well prepared and at the leading edge of the conversion to fossil- fuel-free transport, this project was a great fit,” explains Mikael Hagman. His colleague, Nils Kjellsson, also a project manager at Jämtkraft, highlights the link to Mid Sweden University and the behavioural science study that is the basis for the project. “There is a limited number of charging infrastructure pro- jects in Sweden, which means that there are weighty national expectations for our work. The results of the study will not only benefit our region, but make things easier for the entire na- tion. That it’s possible to get statistics at a user level via smart charging is a dream come true for a behavioural scientist,” he says with a laugh. Text: Janna Thalén

Invest more Are you a regional stakeholder who is interested in ­investing in a charging station, but have questions about financing, installation, operations and maintenance? – major investments in charging infrastructure ­Contact Mikael Hagman or Göran Hamlund for more information about opportunities for help and financing: [email protected] [email protected] Mikael Hagman, Jämtkraft, and Kristina Zampoukos, Mid Sweden University. Quick facts Research & progress Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles on the Green What are the opportunities and challenges presented Highway – part of the intelligent grid and sustainable by the use of electric vehicles? Kristina Zampoukos, PhD transport of the future, is part of the Energy Agency’s in human geography at Mid Sweden University aims to demonstration programme for electric vehicles and is discover these in a study that is the foundation of the worth almost SEK 24 million, of which the state is contrib- charging infrastructure project. If the use of electric uting about SEK 7.4 million. vehicles is to increase and the charging infrastructure to The remaining funding comes from the project hold- expand, it is important to research social attitudes to the ers and the companies who want to take part and invest infrastructure, as well as individual motorists’ attitudes in charging infrastructure by applying for funding via the and experiences. What do public, private and non-profit project. stakeholders actually think about a “green corridor” The aim of the project is to build and demonstrate between Trondheim, Östersund and Sundsvall? What is charging infrastructure using fast and smart charging the potential social, ecological and financial impact? How stations in the counties of Jämtland and Västernorrland. does the location of the charging station influence the In partnership with Mid Sweden University, it will study motorist’s driving patterns? Kristina Zampoukos hopes the interaction between electric vehicles, electric vehicle that the study will contribute to identifying barriers and owners and charging infrastructure, and how they influ- opportunities when it comes to achieving sustainable ence each other as the charging infrastructure expands. development that focuses on electric vehicles. The project includes studying and designing different “One issue that I think is particularly interesting to business models for operations and maintenance. A total research is which stakeholders can consider taking on this of eleven fast chargers (22 charging points) and at least risk, as technology changes quickly. At the same time, 82 smart charging stations (164 charging points) will be there is also great potential in being one of the first test installed during the project. regions for the expansion of this type of infrastructure”. The charging infrastructure project is run by Jämtkraft AB, Jämtkraft Elnät AB and Sundsvall Elnät in partnership with Mid Sweden University. The project period is 15 ­October 2013 to 15 May 2015.

Page 15 CLEAN M O TI N

There’s a technological difference of about 50 years between the Zbee and Indonesia’s ageing Bajajs with their two-stroke engines.

It was tested in tough winter conditions in Jämtland, and then its function and design were refined. Now the electrically powered Zbee is rolling onto the hot Indonesian market.

The testing period in Östersund for the Zbee unit and instructions and they fixed it,” explains city vehicle is over, and the manufacturer, Clean Göran Folkesson. ­Motion, has learned some important lessons. After a list of about 300 refinements, produc- “We wanted to see how functional the Zbee tion of Zbee Generation 3 is now underway. The is for local transport in a winter setting, and the basic principle is the same, but its appearance City of Östersund has used two vehicles in its has been changed and adapted for large scale operations. It’s one thing to drive on good roads manufacture. Power consumption is lower and in the middle of the summer and another on a the suspension has been improved, for speed cold December night. Overall, they worked well bumps, for example. This was a challenge as its and we had a very positive response. We learned small wheels needed to be able to cope with speed a lot and could take great steps forward,” says bumps that are designed for large cars. It is now the company’s managing director and one of its also equipped with an electrically heated wind- founders, Göran Folkesson. screen, necessary at more northern latitudes. The Zbee was popular with many of the “We’re now building vehicles for general drivers at the City of Östersund as it is a con- sale. Previously they were part of our test fleet. venient and efficient way of travelling short We are trying to keep learning; we and the to Jakarta to distances. It was found to be a little bumpy and Swedish Energy Agency – as well as the City of there was poor rear visibility, but these issues Östersund – are cooperating on a demo project have been fixed. The Zbee also worked well in for energy-optimised three-wheeled electric ve- winter conditions. hicles, which aims to find out more about behav- iour from a user perspective”. Technical service and support throughout the testing period was provided by a company from Clean Motion receives enquiries from all over From Jämtland Jämtland From Östersund, Vericate, one of the companies in the the world. Indonesia is currently an interesting Green Highway Test Arena. market, one where local manufacturing of the “It’s been an enjoyable, interesting pro- Zbee has begun. ject where we have worked closely with Clean “We were able to present the Zbee to the ­Motion to keep things moving via rapid action governor of Jakarta, who immediately wanted to and solutions. We use our own Zbee every day test ten vehicles in a recreation area”. for local travel; it’s replaced an ordinary car,” The news spread rapidly among the media to says Johan Andersson from Vericate. other countries in Asia. “This was invaluable to us, they were almost “In one of the television clips they had put a part of our organisation. When there were together a film sequence with test driving in technical problems they found out what they Östersund on snow,” says Göran Folkesson with were and fixed them, and if something broke a laugh. we could just send a package with an electronic Text: HElena Bredberg

Page 16 fries G östa Nothing stops Ebusco The Dutch electric bus, Ebusco, recently rolled out on a European tour, travelling along the Green Highway on 11-14 May 2013. “Thanks to the extensive charging infra- Arne Inge Dyrdal, taxi owner, and Tom Rune Arnsen, marketing manager at Trønder Taxi. structure along the Green Highway, the trip could be completed without any disruption,” says Mats Andersson, Scandinavian repre- Effective electric taxis sentative for Ebusco. On its trip from Stockholm, via Gävle, Altogether, the drivers from Trønder Taxi and Stjørdal Taxi and then from Sundsvall to Östersund and covered tens of thousands of kilometres during a 20-month Trondheim, the bus attracted a great deal of trial of electric taxis, initiated by Green Highway. The project attention when it was shown to politicians, was evaluated recently, with positive results. businesspeople and interested members of the general public. Ebusco’s electric bus has “In Norway, where electric cars are cheap, it is absolutely possible to run a enough space for 76 passengers. With a bat- commercial taxi business with electric cars, provided there are enough fast tery capacity of 242 kWh, it has a range of charging stations,” says Bjørn Ove Berthelsen, part project manager for Green around 250 km per full-charge. Globally, Highway in Trondheim. there are presently about 600 electric buses In other words, fast chargers are necessary for an electric car to be finan- from Ebusco on the roads. cially viable as a taxi – time is money for the taxi’s owner. It must be cheap and According to the manufacturer, the easy to charge and the owners need to be linked to a control centre that plans electric bus is tested and approved in all EU driving so the car’s range is used efficiently. For long fares, such as the 30 km categories and the operating costs are less than long trip to Værnes Airport, the electric cars used the most power. The battery half of those for the equivalent diesel-driven lasted longest in central Trondheim and the surrounding urban areas. bus, including purchasing costs and a guaran- “Electric taxis work well for fixed jobs, such as school runs or corporate tee that the battery will be replaced if its ca- travel; predictable journeys where driving can be planned,” explains pacity declines. Its quietness, convenience and Bjørn Ove Berthelsen. lack of a gear box makes it an attractive op- A more unexpected effect of the electric taxi project will perhaps be most tion for towns and cities that want to invest in visible in the future. cleaner air and less noise pollution. The crux “We wanted people to choose electric cars rather than conventional cars, of the matter is necessary public procurement, and the taxi drivers, knowledgeable and competent drivers that the customers where there are currently no requirements trust, have marketed the electric cars. And customers have been to happy to use for a certain percentage of the bus fleet to be electric taxis.” electric, something that must be changed if Now it’s time for the next phase. The knowledge generated by the project electric buses are to have a significant impact, will be put into commercial use. For Trondheim, this means that two taxi according to Mats Andersson. owners with four electric taxis have chosen to continue – one is even testing a “They are working on this in Finland, Tesla Model S in the business. Stjørdal Taxi will also continue with one electric where the City of Helsinki will procure about taxi in commercial use. The next step for Green Highway is to disseminate the 100 electric buses over the next few years. A experiences of the project eastward, by starting pilot taxi projects in Östersund pilot project is underway in which Veolia is and Sundsvall. involved, and a bus has already been ordered “It’s been an amazing journey, contributing to making a transport sector from Ebusco. with renewable fuels a commercial reality,” says Bjørn Ove Berthelsen. “We would never have been able to complete a project like this without brave and forward-thinking taxi companies. We’ve been able to create models for com- mercial electric taxi operations, provided important information to Nissan about their cars and learned how to drive electric cars more efficiently.”

Text: Elisabet Aagård Facts

The electric taxi project was initiated by Green Highway in Trondheim Municipality and was conducted from January 2012 to August 2013. Six Nissan Leaf electric cars participated, gathering unique data about temperature, air humidity, the roads’ topography, driving speed, power consumption, etc. for Nissan in Japan. Data was processed by SINTEF Transportforskning in Trondheim, March to June 2013.

Page 17 TESLA – transforming the world

Facts • In a calculated “worst case” scenario, driving the Tesla Model S costs NOK 2 per 10 km. • A Tesla’s batteries can be replaced in 90 seconds, which raises the possibility of eventually having “battery-change stations” instead of petrol stations. • Rumour says that Tesla is working on producing a battery that will last for 1600 km. In 2012, Tesla submitted eight patent applications for metal-air batteries. • Tesla’s next car, the Model X, has become a big sel- ler in Norway even before production starts. Model X is a four-wheel drive SUV with a tow bar.

Sid 18 fries G östa “The manual says it does 1-100 km/h in 4.2 seconds. But “The Tesla will probably be even happier here than in Califor- unofficially... 3.9.” It sounds as if he barely believes it himself. nia,” says André Hansen. “Where do you put batteries when André Hansen is sales manager at Tesla in Trondheim. They sell you want them to last a long time? In the fridge!” Tesla Model S, the only model to come entirely from Tesla and Yes – the batteries, Tesla’s renowned batteries. That have a which has taken the auto industry by storm. The auto industry’s range of 500 km. That are charged in Tesla’s own charging sta- apple, as someone expressed it. tions and can be replaced in 90 seconds. That are located under The showroom in Trondheim opened its doors at the start the car for best road handing and which are fluid cooled and of May 2013. There is one more in Oslo and another two are thus not so affected by heat and cold. under construction in Bergen and Stavanger. Norway has one “It is an advanced car but in a simple way,” is how André of the world’s highest densities of electric cars and is the electric Hansen explains its success. “It’s a car that is different, and vehicle industry’s test arena. it’s the first electric car you can use as if it were a conventional “There are more electric cars in Norway than in the Nether- car.” lands and Belgium together. The interest in the Tesla is huge, but He steers the burgundy Tesla through the streets on a test it’s also a fantastic car,” says André Hansen enthusiastically. drive. Quiet. And dignified. And unusually smooth for a car The sales figures are secret, but there’s been a rush to buy it. that’s over four metres long and more than two metres wide. “It’s mad,” as one of André Hansen’s colleagues expressed it. And under the bonnet or, actually, in the milk packet-sized mo- TESLA Three police officers who happened to be passing are stand- tor, enough power to melt the heart of any sports car enthusiast. ing in the showroom. With folded arms they murmur as they “There’s no way back to fossil fuel vehicles now,” says peer into the perfect workshop where car mechanics are polish- ­André Hansen convincingly. “The step’s been taken.” ing the already shiny cars. A load of brand new Teslas comes in through the garage door, the day’s second. They are shipped Text: Elisabet Aagård from California, where they’re manufactured. In terms of cli- mate, it should be a big step to the damp, cold North. Will they like it here, the Teslas?

No one thought it would happen, but it has. An electric car is getting high scores in test after test and is not only making a mark among traditional electric cars, but doing what no one dared to dream of – competing with the coolest fossil fuelled sports cars.

Sid 19 H elene gedda

Range anxiety – soon to be a thing of the past Range anxiety is something that prevents many people from getting an electric car. Now SINTEF in Trondheim hopes that they are on their way to solving this by using ITS, intel- ligent transport systems.

This year, SINTEF, Scandinavia’s largest indepen- “Using LadeSmart, the car could communicate with dent research group, conducted a pilot study of tech- infrastructure and charging stations and provide sup- nology that could help electric car drivers with range port for the driver. For example, LadeSmart suggests anxiety. The study has surveyed which technologies where the driver can stop and charge the car,” says Liv are available and also interviewed users to identify the Øvstedal. actual needs of drivers of electric cars. The system registers the outside temperature, “The interviews show that needs are different if driving patterns and events along the road; it should you drive privately or for work. Professionals have a also be able to reserve a charging station and work as a greater need to plan their routes, have a simple pay- simple payment system. ment system and to be able to book charging stations SINTEF is currently waiting for clearance from fi- to avoid queues,” says Liv Øvstedal, researcher at nanciers to start a project with test drivers, primarily in SINTEF. Trondheim. The next step could be to test the product At this stage, the system that SINTEF aims to pro- on a larger scale on the Oslo-Kongsberg route. In the duce is called LadeSmart. It involves installing a system end, it is hoped that the project will promote the use of in the car that helps the driver to decide the best route electric vehicles and increase driving predictability. from start to finish, taking account of the battery’s range and the location of charging stations. Text: Elisabet Aagård

Page 20 T O MMY ANDERSS N

Åre Östersund AIRPORT flies high

After completing the highest level of ACA certification, Åre Östersund Airport is one of the most environmentally-friendly in Europe – but work doesn’t stop there. The target for 2020 is that the airport will be carbon neutral.

It may sound like a high aim, an airport that is car- we’ll make a big environmental saving,” says Marie bon neutral. But the carbon dioxide that counts is that Lewholt. which Swedavia can control, from its own emissions One hope for 2020 is that Åre Östersund Airport that are linked to operations at the airport. will have its own filling station for biogas, for taxis, “It’s a tough target, but it’s doable,” says Marie rental cars, buses, private cars and for their own use. Lewholt, who is the environmental advisor at Åre Driving into Östersund to fill up with biogas is not a Östersund Airport. good solution. Åre Östersund Airport and Green High- The airport has adopted a comprehensive approach way, where the airport is one of several partners, such to its environmental work. At the moment they are as Ostersund, have met and discussed the issue, but conducting an energy project that focuses on power there’s a long way to go. savings, in which the ventilation and lighting are being Another step in this environmental work comprises examined. Marie Lewholt describes smarter solutions the charging points for electric cars that are placed where energy use is governed by needs: ventilation by the entrance; in “the best place” as Marie Lewholt when ventilation is needed; lighting when lighting is says. They were built in partnership with Green High- needed – and investments in the latest technology in way and Jämtkraft. There is also a fruitful partnership LED lighting and for controlling engine heaters. with Værnes Airport in Trondheim. “We have surveyed the action we can take, and the “Because Værnes is also part of Green Highway plan is to reduce energy consumption by two per cent we’ve visited each other and swapped experiences. per year in the future.” They have worked a lot with taxis, and that has made The 2020 target has been centrally established by us wonder about how we can work with our taxi com- Swedavia. To achieve it, Swedavia’s vehicles need to be panies here.” replaced and adapted to running on renewable fuels. And Marie Lewholt promises that 2020 isn’t just This primarily affects the heavy vehicles owned by make-believe. Swedavia, such as snow ploughs, sweepers and blowers “It’s a target, not a vision.” that keep the landing strip free from ice and snow. “These vehicles drive many kilometres every day in Text: Elisabet Aagård snowy weather. If we replace them with biogas vehicles

Midlanda became Sundsvall Timrå Airport On 17 June 2013, the municipalities of Sundsvall and is to replace the aviation fuel that is used for fire safety Timrå took over operations at Midlanda Airport, exercises with the ethanol-based “Sekundol”, so reduc- which is now known as Sundsvall Timrå Airport. It ing contamination of water, soil and air. has the same staff as previously, but is now run as a Sundsvall Timrå Airport is also conducting dis- municipal company. cussions with Green Highway about the potential for One of the primary aims is to continue with the establishing charging stations for electric vehicles at airport’s ambitious environmental work. During its the airport, using electric taxis or coaches for flight time as Midlanda there was an extensive review of transfers and using biogas as a fuel for the heavy vehi- power consumption, reducing the airport’s electricity cles at the airport.

consumption by 32 per cent in 2012. Another project Text: Elisabet Aagård SDL

Page 21 Just for you – a guide to the world of green vehicles Learn more about new technology, vehicle types and alternative fuels.

Vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) A vehicle with two power sources: one combustion engine and one electric motor. The battery is charged by the com- bustion engine and when the car brakes, instead of connect- ing it to an electrical socket. Examples include the Toyota Prius and Honda Civic Hybrid. orks

Plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) Similar to a hybrid electric vehicle, but the batteries are larger and it can also be charged using an electrical socket. It can be driven further on one charge than a hybrid electric vehicle. Examples include the Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid, Chevrolet Volt and Opel Ampera.

Battery electrical vehicle (BEV or EV) A battery-driven vehicle that is only powered by an electric motor and charges via the electric grid through a socket. Examples include the Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi iMiEV and Renault Kangoo.

Gas vehicle A vehicle that uses gas fuel for propulsion. A gas vehicle can be powered by two types of fuel, gas and petrol, and is also called vehicle bi-fuel. The fuels are stored in separate tanks and the engine uses one fuel at a time. It often switches between the fuels automatically.

Flexifuel vehicle (FFV) A vehicle that is powered by ethanol. It can also be powered by petrol or a combination of the two. An ethanol vehicle has one tank and the engine can adapt to the fuel mix.

Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) A vehicle that is powered by fuel cells that send electric cur- rent to an electric motor. Can be refuelled with hydrogen and “We’re the exhaust is thus water vapour. electrifying w w it For an overview of the fossil-fuel-free vehicles on the market, all vehicle please refer to the Buyers’ Guide for Electric and Plug-in ­Hybrid Cars and the CNG Vehicles Guide – read more on page 9.

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Martin Winterkorn, Head of the Volkswagen Sources: Bil Sweden, Gasbilen.se Group on achieving the aim of being world-leading in electric vehicles by 2018. Source: DN Motor. H

Sid 22 How it works Mattias Goldmann,GrönaBilister, checksoutgreennewsandtrendsattheFrankfurt MotorShowonGreenHighway’s behalf. Sources: Nationalencyklopedin, Bil Sweden Sources: Nationalencyklopedin, diesel. fossil with mixed or engines diesel ised custom in afuel as used be Can esters). methyl acid (fatty FAME is biodiesels all for name Acollective lard. or tallow palms, maize, soya, rapeseed, as such ingredients raw with oils, animal or vegetable from produced fuel A renewable B water. of electrolysis the or biomass gas, natural from produced be can and engines combustion or cells fuel for Used H start. to easier vehicle the make to winter the in mixture the to added is petrol More petrol. cent 15 per and ethanol cent per 85 with mixture afuel is E85 cereals. and cane sugar maize, as such plants starchy or sugar fermenting by produced biologically be can Ethanol afuel. as used is that alcohol An E gas). natural (liquefied LNG liquid, a make to condensed be also can gas Natural gas. natural compressed called is it compressed When petrol. and diesel than impact environmental less has it crust, Earth’s the from extracted is that fuel afossil is gas natural Although NATURAL GAS biogas). (liquefied LBG aliquid, make to densed con be also can biogas volume, its To CBG. to reduce abbreviated is biogas Compressed biomethane. called is biogas upgraded the increases; methane of level the that so biogas the from removed is dioxide carbon the gas, vehicle as used being Before sludge. sewage or waste food as such materials, organic of digestion anaerobic the through manufactured is that fuel A renewable B gas. for adapted vehicles fuel to used be can it bar, before 200 about pressure, ahigh to compressed is and methane mainly is gas The two. the of acombination or gas natural biogas, of consist can that fuel A gas GAS VEHICLE fuel thano io i o ydr o diesel gas gen l CHECK - - H 2

MATTIAS gOLDMANN

Everything you want to know but haven’t Are there risks involved in charging an electric car? Q dared to ask. We have gathered some No, charging a series-manufactured electric car is very of the most common questions about safe and no more risky than connecting any other electrical equipment to the power grid. electric-, gas and ethanol vehicles. How do you refill gas? Most gas cars have two tanks. Vehicle gas is sold at special gas stations, often close to where it is produced. When you Will there be enough electricity if there fill up with gas, the nozzle is different to that of a nozzle F A are lots of electric cars? for liquid fuels such as petrol and diesel. The gas nozzle is If all the drivers in Sweden were to drive electric cars Sources: connected to the car’s gas nipple and sealed by turning it. (around 4.3 million cars), only about 10 TWh would be Miljöfordon.se, There are different payment methods at gas stations; the needed, which is equivalent to 7 per cent of Sweden’s total ElbilSverige, most common is using credit/debit cards. power consumption. Laddaelbilen.se, Vattenfall, What happens if the gas runs out? Biogas.se, Are electric cars emission-free? It is possible to drive 200 – 400 km on one tank of gas, City of Östersund An electric car has no exhaust pipe and emits no local depending on the model of the car and driving style. If emissions. However, electricity can be a renewable fuel or the gas runs out, cars also have a petrol tank that allows a a fossil fuel depending on how it is produced. In the Nordic further 200–700 km of driving. countries the mix of electricity results in low emissions, around 12 g CO2/km. One factor in an electric vehicle actually being green is that it is charged with electricity Can the gas tank explode? from a certified, renewable origin, such as solar, wind or If there is a leak , the risk of fire and explosion is believed hydropower. to be lower than that for conventional cars. Methane gas is toxin-free and lighter than air, and has a higher ignition temperature (540°C) than petrol, diesel and ethanol. The Can electric cars be driven in the winter? system is sealed and the tanks have safety valves. All batteries lose capacity when they are cold, but this is regained when it gets warmer. The need for heat in the car and the battery’s reduced capacity can mean that the car’s What happens if I am in a collision range decreases in the winter. The heating system in elec- with a gas vehicle? tric cars can consist of an electric radiator that takes power Gas vehicles fulfil the same crash standards as ordinary straight from the battery, which reduces the car’s range, or cars. The gas tanks are protected and designed to with- from a fuel-driven extra heater that is run on ethanol, petrol stand collisions. or diesel. It is also beneficial to preheat the car using an interior heater. How do you refill ethanol? Ethanol is sold as E85 at ordinary petrol stations. E85 is re- How far can I drive on one charge? filled in exactly the same way as petrol and diesel. The only The electric cars that are currently on the market have a difference is that the handle can’t be locked and released range of 100–150 km, and plug-in hybrids are like fuel- when filling the car. The pumps, pump handles, signs and/ driven cars. This can be compared to a normal Swedish car or hoses for E85 are blue. that is driven an average of around 40 km per day. Range is affected by the size of the battery, driving style and the use of the car’s air conditioning and heating system.

What does driving an electric car cost? Facts ABOUT CHARGING An electric car uses around 2 kWh per 10 km, which is a Slow charging cost of about SEK 2-3 per 10 km. An electric car is normally charged overnight at home, or at work. This can be done via a normal earthed socket (230 V, 10/16A). One option is to equip your property with a domestic variety of smart charging to get a quality assured charging point at home. Charging takes 6-8 hours depending on how empty the battery is, the size of the battery, the type of car and, in particular, the power supply The latest medicine from GB-Labs you are using. – a cure for range anxiety. Read more at www.gronabilister.se. Smart charging Charging can also be done during longer stops at places the driver is visiting, such as the supermarket. Freestand- ing charging stations are used, along with the cable that came with the car or is attached to the station. Charging stations can be connected to more advanced systems with payment solutions and different current strengths. Charg- ing is faster because of the strength of the power supply, normally 16A.

Fast charging At fast charging stations it is possible to extend the car’s range and charge up to 80 per cent in 20 minutes. The power output is 20 or 50 kW. Fast charging means that the vehicle and charging station need to communicate to opti- mise charging and that a special charging port is used.

Page 24 Where Green solutions are T O MMY ANDERSS N top of mind With more than 33 per cent green vehicles in its fleet, Taxi Östersund is a transport business that has made a clear stand in a conservative industry. Choosing biogas cars, coordinating driving and training its drivers are all ways of reducing road traffic’s harmful impact on the environment.

At the head office on the island of Frösön, Östersund, “A lot of my job deals with trying to analyse how we can it’s pretty quiet. Many people are still on holiday and so overcome the difficulties and produce powerful enough fewer people are using taxis. Managing director Per-Åke incentives for choosing green vehicles. And to ensure that Pettersson shows us around the premises and says that we are cost neutral, despite small margins,” explains Per- a lot has happened in the ten years since he took up his Åke Pettersson. post, just before Östersund’s garrison closed down. Taxi Östersund recently won a procurement for mu- “It was tough, but with wise shareholders supporting nicipal mobility services, and the drivers’ businesses have me I was given the opportunity to spend instead of save purchased twelve brand new Mercedes biogas buses. when the labour market collapsed. A new share issue “The procurement was designed with a require- allowed us to modernise our technology and to move to ment for a gradual increase to at least 80 per cent green better premises,” says Per-Åke Pettersson. vehicles during the period of the agreement, but it’s not It was also decided that the company would gradually entirely uncomplicated. There is a long wait for vehicle work on boosting its environmental credentials, an ap- gas buses to be delivered and the manufacturers are not proach that consolidated over the years. They now offer always interested in making any customisations in such a reduced monthly fee for drivers who have chosen green small series.” vehicles, as a way of encouraging them. Another way is More and more people, privately or professionally, offering all drivers training in fuel efficient driving – Safe or in procurements, are asking for green cars, which Green Taxi. The traffic management system is also being bolsters Taxi Östersund’s decision to work with distinct gradually developed to ensure the cars are used effective- environmental branding. However, at the top of the wish- ly and driven with as few ”empty kilometres” as possible. list is more refuelling stations for biogas. However, Per-Åke Pettersson states that determina- “Preferably one in each direction, to maintain econo- tion is required to conduct active environmental work in my and environmental gains in the driving,” says Per-Åke the transport sector. Transport companies are positive Pettersson, who is considering a corporate bicycle as his and not opposed to green vehicles in principle, but more contribution to a greener future. expensive service and maintenance affect their finances. Text: Janna Thalén Similarly, so far it has been difficult to find suitable bi- ogas vehicles with a loading capacity suitable for profes- sional use, or four-wheel-drive biogas vehicles.

Page 25 EV Power – a green business He is an entrepreneur who saw potential in the growing popularity of the electric car. Through his company, EV Power, Gøran Vollan is contributing to simpler, greener roads in Norway.

Entrepreneur Gøran Vollan is the only the times. It’s environmentally correct and employee of the EV Power company, which politically correct to think sustainably. Our constructs and runs the fast charging stations shared interests have created a good climate around the Trøndelag region. The company for completing the project.” is based in Steinkjer, around 120 km north Initially, one of the most important rela- of Trondheim. This might not be the obvious tionships, apart from that with NTE (where place to establish a brand new company in Gøran Vollan has a number of colleagues), a brand new industry – in fact, many people was with Green Highway, which was interest- would think it was a brave thing to do. As ed in expanding the network of fast charging does its founder. stations in the area. “No, it wasn’t at all an obvious thing to EV Power’s first fast charging station do. Not at all,” admits Gøran Vollan. started operating in January 2012; there are When NTE, Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitets- now nine stations, the most recent of which verk, was looking for someone to develop the opened in Orkanger. Another charging sta- fast charging infrastructure in the area, Gøran tion is planned in Storlien, in collaboration Vollan jumped at the chance and started EV ­between Jämtkraft, NTE, Green Highway Power. and EV Power. As an entrepreneur in a green industry he “It’s the entrepreneur in me that’s the main has received a great deal of backup. Gøran motivation, but being able to use this to create Vollan says that there are primarily two things something that is environmentally sustainable that made it possible to start EV Power. First, is very satisfying. And if we’re going to take NTE has taken its social responsibility and the climate crisis seriously, if we’re going to been willing to invest in green business and, have a chance, then it’s the sum total of local secondly, EV Power has received a state grant sustainable initiatives that will solve it. Not the from Transnova, which funds activities that politicians. They can take decisions, but not do promote green transport. the job for us,” concludes Gøran Vollan. “There is a great deal of interest in EV Power, as well as goodwill wherever we go. Text: Elisabet Aagård Green business is in touch with the spirit of Counting on an electric car Low running costs, but expensive to buy. What does it actually cost to own an electric car? The electric car calculator is a web service that helps people who are interested in acquiring an electric car to quickly and easily calculate the costs of owning one, and compare it to owning a conventional car. The idea is to provide a general comparison between different types of electric Km/h cars and a Volvo V40 D3, which is used here as a reference. Enter your annual mileage and it will return a cost per 10 km, based on three years of ownership. Vehicle taxes are not included in the calculation because all the vehicles in the calculation are classed as green cars. However, the resale value of electric cars is difficult to calculate because there are not yet enough of them on the kWh second-hand market. The service is primarily aimed at private individuals and will be regularly upgraded, such as when new vehicles come onto the market. The electric car calculator was produced by Ecoast in partnership with Green Highway and is found at www.miljöfordonskalkylator.se (in Swedish).

Page 26 fries G östa

FaCTS

EW Power is a subsidiary of NTE, Nord-Trønde- lag Elektrisitetsverk. The company, apart from developing and operating fast chargers, has created a subscription system where the user pays one amount and receives free access to Tröndelag’s nine fast chargers. The subscriber receives a patented keycard that opens the sta- tion for charging, but payment is also possible via a smart phone. At present EV Power has around 250 subscribers, but the number is growing. The idea is that income from subscribers will pay for establishing more fast chargers and so increase mobility for owners of electric cars. A fast charging station costs from NOK 600,000 and upwards. EV Power is counting on 2,000 subscribers to run 20 charging stations. Gøran Vollan, CEO EV Power Page 27 Andreas Shifting power in the world of sustainability Gyllen hammar The global arena has been in- The analysis could stop here, implying that fluential and a safe haven for we have reached the end of the road. But sustainable development. It was this is not the case. What has happened is there that the concept was formulated and a power shift in two dimensions. Firstly, ANNA WILHELMSS O N gained support via a number of UN pro- when countries lose speed it is the cities cesses at the end of the 1980s (the Brundt- and regions that step forward. They have land Report, that many know of but few enough influence to be able to create syner- have read, is still frequently referred to). gies, partnerships and take action in sus- However, at the UN Conference on Sus- tainable development. Cities such as Van- tainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, in couver, Malmö, San Francisco and Bogota the summer of 2012, it was apparent how have acted rapidly and successfully, making “the battle of the Earth” will be decided. them excellent role models for others who When negotiations reach a stalemate and want to develop. Regions create coopera- nation states disappoint, there are others tion in transport conversions, with Green who step forward. Highway as one of the progressive forces. It is becoming clear why it is so difficult Secondly, trade and industry have taken a to reach agreement in international nego- stand and shown that there are alternatives tiations. Around the table and in complex to negotiations as a potential way forward. UN processes, politicians and officials Working on sustainable development pro- gather from countries that currently have vides increasingly good business value. The to balance a multitude of challenges on US media giant, Disney, chose not to wait Andreas Gyllenhammar the home front. The long-term perspective for an American climate tax – it introduced Chief Sustainability Officer, Sweco on sustainable development risks losing its own and thus achieved significant reduc- ground in relation to economies in crisis tions in emissions. and rising unemployment. The result can’t There is no lack of success in sustain- be anything other than disappointment and able development, as long as we look for it watered-down documents, which turned in the right places. Now it’s time to work out to be the case at the climate summits on a larger scale and at a higher speed. in Copenhagen in 2009 and now most recently in Rio.

DO YOU WANT TO CONTRIBUTE TO A FOSSIL-FREE FUTURE? If your company would like to converts its vehicles to run on renewable energy, or to contrib- ute to reducing the use of fossil fuels in another way, please get in touch with us at Green Highway. It is possible to use Green Highway’s branding and be seen on Green Highway’s website, in news­letters, etc. Please contact us: www.greenhighway.nu Östersund – Anne Sörensson +46(0)70 600 51 31, Tomas Arvidsson +46(0)70 575 58 00 Trondheim – Björn-Ove Berthelsen +47 917 602 02, Kjell Inge Stellander +47 916 728 82 Sundsvall – Lidia Suokko +46(0)73 271 19 47, Johan Klockar Öhrnell +46(0)70 257 16 82