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Cardiovascular Physiology BioMed Research International Cardiovascular Physiology Guest Editors: Karim Bendjelid, Bruno Levy, and Alain Broccard Cardiovascular Physiology BioMed Research International Cardiovascular Physiology Guest Editors: Karim Bendjelid, Bruno Levy, and Alain Broccard Copyright © 2015 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Intensive Care Medicine Science: An Art Based on Applied Physiology?,KarimBendjelid,BrunoLevy, and Alain Broccard Volume 2015, Article ID 479134, 2 pages Patient-Specific Simulation of Coronary Artery Pressure Measurements: An In Vivo Three-Dimensional Validation Study in Humans, Panagiotis K. Siogkas, Michail I. Papafaklis, Antonis I. Sakellarios, Kostas A. Stefanou, Christos V. Bourantas, Lambros S. Athanasiou, Themis P. Exarchos, Katerina K. Naka, Lampros K. Michalis, Oberdan Parodi, and Dimitrios I. Fotiadis Volume 2015, Article ID 628416, 11 pages Spaceflight Affects Postnatal Development of the Aortic Wall in Rats, Shin-ichiro Katsuda, Masao Yamasaki, Hidefumi Waki, Masao Miyake, Hirotaka O-ishi, Kiyoaki Katahira, Tadanori Nagayama, Yukako Miyamoto, Masamitsu Hasegawa, Haruyuki Wago, Toshiyasu Okouchi, and Tsuyoshi Shimizu Volume 2014, Article ID 490428, 10 pages Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Reduces Cardiovascular Responses to Acute Stress in Myocardially Infarcted and Chronically Stressed Rats, A. Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska, K. Czarzasta, L. Puchalska, J. Dobruch, O. Borowik, J. Pachucki, and E. Szczepanska-Sadowska Volume 2014, Article ID 385082, 9 pages Hemodynamic Indexes Derived from Computed Tomography Angiography to Predict Pulmonary Embolism Related Mortality, Gregor John, Christophe Marti, Pierre-Alexandre Poletti, and Arnaud Perrier Volume2014,ArticleID363756,8pages Evaluation of Cardiac Function Index as Measured by Transpulmonary Thermodilution as an Indicator of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Cardiogenic Shock, Jessica Perny, Antoine Kimmoun, Pierre Perez, and Bruno Levy Volume2014,ArticleID598029,7pages Numerical Simulation and Clinical Implications of Stenosis in Coronary Blood Flow, Jun-Mei Zhang, Liang Zhong, Tong Luo, Yunlong Huo, Swee Yaw Tan, Aaron Sung Lung Wong, Boyang Su, Min Wan, XiaodanZhao,GhassanS.Kassab,HeowPuehLee,BooCheongKhoo,Chang-WeiKang,TeBa, and Ru San Tan Volume 2014, Article ID 514729, 10 pages Relationship between Stroke Volume and Pulse Pressure during Blood Volume Perturbation: A Mathematical Analysis, Ramin Bighamian and Jin-Oh Hahn Volume 2014, Article ID 459269, 10 pages Endothelium-Independent Vasorelaxant Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract from Nigella sativa Seed in Rat Aorta: The Roles of Ca¡sup¿2+¡/sup¿ and K¡sup¿+¡/sup¿ Channels, Saeed Niazmand, Elahe Fereidouni, Maryam Mahmoudabady, and Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi Volume2014,ArticleID247054,7pages Haemodynamic Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit: Results from a Web-Based Swiss Survey, Nils Siegenthaler, Raphael Giraud, Till Saxer, Delphine S. Courvoisier, Jacques-AndreRomand,´ and Karim Bendjelid Volume 2014, Article ID 129593, 9 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 479134, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/479134 Editorial Intensive Care Medicine Science: An Art Based on Applied Physiology? Karim Bendjelid,1,2 Bruno Levy,3 and Alain Broccard4 1 Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland 2Intensive Care Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland 3Service de Reanimation´ Medicale´ Brabois, Vandoeuvre les` Nancy, France 4UniversityofMinnesota,RegionsHospitalPulmonaryandCriticalCareDivision,640JacksonStreet,St.Paul,MN55455,USA Correspondence should be addressed to Karim Bendjelid; [email protected] Received 30 September 2014; Accepted 30 September 2014 Copyright © 2015 Karim Bendjelid et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The provision of complex medical care in the intensive care role of the heart and vasculature in determining flow and unit (ICU) environment is challenging as the established pressure in the cardiovascular system [3]. Currently, our goalsofintensivecarearetoreducethemorbidityand understanding of these subjects is constantly evolving. As mortality related to critical illness, maintain organ function, part of the present special issue, respected researchers and and restore health. Despite technological advances, the preva- physiologists provide an outline of the important advances lence of death in the ICU remains a serious problem. Even in cardiovascular physiology and the great progress made if it is unlikely that intensive care medicine is recognized as in recent years within this discipline. The present papers an evidence-based process, the present reality reveals that take a deeper look at selected physiological principles and scientific proof regarding patient management is very rare main beliefs that are the basis of intensive care medicine. In [1]. However, this medicine is pathophysiology based, and fact, the present papers investigate physiological principles it necessitates the monitoring of physiological abnormalities using various techniques described in humans and animal to treat the patient. Indeed, outcome prediction models experimentation. In addition, in the present issue, the use of measuring the severity of illness of patients admitted to the mathematical and simulated models as alternative methods ICU use physiological variables to predict hospital mortality. For instance, from the clinical and medical management is highlighted as a potential way to study specific cases perspective, the state-of-the-art Simplified Acute Physiology in diverse vessels. These papers, which describe numerical Score (SAPS) model is frequently used. simulations of flow, ranging from the geometry of steady Inthepresentstateofmedicalknowledge,itisimportant flow in rigid vessels to unsteady flow with elastic vessel walls, to account for human physiology when treating critically deserve further attention as several flow and wall models are ill patients, as these patients often present with circulatory compared.Finally,alloftheseworksreinforceouruseofthese failure. Understanding the properties of cardiovascular phys- principles in clinical decision-making. iology is an excellent example of how general principles Thus, it must be established and accepted that specific are useful in comprehending hemodynamic instability and cardiovascular physiology concepts are essential if and only shock states [2]. Therefore, from a physiological point of view, if an appropriate form of intervention or treatment could be mastering the cardiovascular physiology and identifying the administered based on this knowledge. Indeed, it is impor- pathophysiological mechanisms and archetype involved in tant to note that our way of thinking about cardiovascular shock allow the physician to manage each situation according physiology in the ICU may sometimes be imperfect as views to the specific characteristics of the state of the patient. and understanding need to evolve [4]. Certainly, in the In the first half of the 20th century, there was consider- present state of knowledge, the most significant advantage of able confusion among physiologists regarding the combined mastering cardiovascular physiology in critically ill patients 2 BioMed Research International is the capability to recommend new methods of treatment for shock. Karim Bendjelid Bruno Levy Alain Broccard References [1] J. B. West, “Making clinical decisions with insufficient evidence,” High Altitude Medicine & Biology, vol. 11, no. 1, article 1, 2010. [2] K. Bendjelid, “Right atrial pressure: determinant or result of change in venous return?” Chest,vol.128,no.5,pp.3639–3640, 2005. [3]N.Westerhof,J.-W.Lankhaar,andB.E.Westerhof,“Thearterial windkessel,” Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, vol.47,no.2,pp.131–141,2009. [4] S. Magder, “More respect for the CVP,” Intensive Care Medicine, vol.24,no.7,pp.651–653,1998. Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 628416, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/628416 Clinical Study Patient-Specific Simulation of Coronary Artery Pressure Measurements: An In Vivo Three-Dimensional Validation Study in Humans Panagiotis K. Siogkas,1 Michail I. Papafaklis,2,3,4 Antonis I. Sakellarios,1 Kostas A. Stefanou,5 Christos V. Bourantas,6 Lambros S. Athanasiou,1 Themis P. Exarchos,5 Katerina K. Naka,2,4 Lampros K. Michalis,2,4 Oberdan Parodi,7 and Dimitrios I. Fotiadis1,4,5 1 Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece 2Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece 3Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4Michailideion Cardiac Center, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece 5Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece 6Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands 7Istituto di Fisiologia
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