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An N U Al R Ep O R T 2018 Annual Report
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 ANNUAL REPORT The Annual Report in English is a translation of the French Document de référence provided for information purposes. This translation is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Document de référence. The Annual Report is available on the Company’s website www.vivendi.com II –— VIVENDI –— ANNUAL REPORT 2018 –— –— VIVENDI –— ANNUAL REPORT 2018 –— 01 Content QUESTIONS FOR YANNICK BOLLORÉ AND ARNAUD DE PUYFONTAINE 02 PROFILE OF THE GROUP — STRATEGY AND VALUE CREATION — BUSINESSES, FINANCIAL COMMUNICATION, TAX POLICY AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT — NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 04 1. Profile of the Group 06 1 2. Strategy and Value Creation 12 3. Businesses – Financial Communication – Tax Policy and Regulatory Environment 24 4. Non-financial Performance 48 RISK FACTORS — INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT — COMPLIANCE POLICY 96 1. Risk Factors 98 2. Internal Control and Risk Management 102 2 3. Compliance Policy 108 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF VIVENDI — COMPENSATION OF CORPORATE OFFICERS OF VIVENDI — GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY 112 1. Corporate Governance of Vivendi 114 2. Compensation of Corporate Officers of Vivendi 150 3 3. General Information about the Company 184 FINANCIAL REPORT — STATUTORY AUDITORS’ REPORT ON THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — STATUTORY AUDITORS’ REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 196 Key Consolidated Financial Data for the last five years 198 4 I – 2018 Financial Report 199 II – Appendix to the Financial Report 222 III – Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 223 IV – 2018 Statutory Financial Statements 319 RECENT EVENTS — OUTLOOK 358 1. Recent Events 360 5 2. Outlook 361 RESPONSIBILITY FOR AUDITING THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 362 1. -
Quarante Ans De Rap En France
Quarante ans de rap français : identités en crescendo Karim Hammou, Cresppa-CSU, 20201 « La pensée de Négritude, aux écrits d'Aimé Césaire / La langue de Kateb Yacine dépassant celle de Molière / Installant dans les chaumières des mots révolutionnaires / Enrichissant une langue chère à nombreux damnés d'la terre / L'avancée d'Olympe de Gouges, dans une lutte sans récompense / Tous ces êtres dont la réplique remplaça un long silence / Tous ces esprits dont la fronde a embelli l'existence / Leur renommée planétaire aura servi à la France2 » Le hip-hop, musique d’initiés tributaire des circulations culturelles de l’Atlantique noir Trois dates principales marquent l’ancrage du rap en France : 1979, 1982 et 1984. Distribué fin 1979 en France par la maison de disque Vogue, le 45 tours Rappers’ Delight du groupe Sugarhill Gang devient un tube de discothèque vendu à près de 600 000 exemplaires. Puis, dès 1982, une poignée de Français résidant à New York dont le journaliste et producteur de disques Bernard Zekri initie la première tournée hip hop en France, le New York City Rap Tour et invite le Rocksteady Crew, Grandmaster DST et Afrika Bambaataa pour une série de performances à Paris, Londres, mais aussi Lyon, Strasbourg et Mulhouse. Enfin, en 1984, le musicien, DJ et animateur radio Sidney lance l’émission hebdomadaire « H.I.P. H.O.P. » sur la première chaîne de télévision du pays. Pendant un an, il fait découvrir les danses hip hop et les musiques qui les accompagnent à un public plus large encore, et massivement composé d’enfants et d’adolescents. -
Top Singles (15/02/2019
Top Albums (06/09/2019 - 13/09/2019) Pos. SD Artiste Titre Éditeur Distributeur 1 NISKA MR SAL CAPITOL MUSIC FRANCE UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 2 1 JEAN-BAPTISTE GUEGAN PUISQUE C'EST ÉCRIT SMART SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT 3 2 VITAA & SLIMANE VERSUS MERCURY MUSIC GROUP UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 4 3 NEKFEU LES ÉTOILES VAGABONDES : EXPANSION SEINE ZOO RECORDS UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 5 YANNICK NOAH BONHEUR INDIGO COLUMBIA SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT 6 7 ANGÈLE BROL INITIAL ARTIST SERVICES UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 7 5 LORENZO SEX IN THE CITY INITIAL ARTIST SERVICES UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 8 8 NINHO DESTIN REC. 118 / MAL LUNE MUSIC WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 9 10 SOPRANO PHOENIX REC. 118 WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 10 11 PNL DEUX FRERES BELIEVE BELIEVE 11 POST MALONE HOLLYWOOD'S BLEEDING DEF JAM RECORDINGS FRANCE 12 13 JUL RIEN 100 RIEN BELIEVE BELIEVE 13 12 EVA QUEEN MCA UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 14 16 MAÎTRE GIMS CEINTURE NOIRE SONY MUSIC DISTRIBUES SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT 15 4 LANA DEL REY NORMAN FUCKING ROCKWELL! POLYDOR UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 16 18 TROIS CAFES GOURMANDS UN AIR DE RIEN PLAY TWO WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 17 OXMO PUCCINO LA NUIT DU REVEIL BELIEVE BELIEVE 18 IGGY POP FREE CAROLINE FRANCE UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 19 6 RILÈS WELCOME TO THE JUNGLE CAPITOL MUSIC FRANCE UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 20 14 AYA NAKAMURA NAKAMURA REC. 118 WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 21 15 ELSA ESNOULT 4 JLA PRODUCTIONS WAGRAM 22 17 NAPS ON EST FAIT POUR CA BELIEVE BELIEVE 23 19 LADY GAGA A STAR IS BORN SOUNDTRACK POLYDOR UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 24 20 ED SHEERAN NO.6 COLLABORATIONS PROJECT WEA WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 25 22 M. -
Popular Song Mp3
Popular Song Mp3 Popular Song Mp3 1 / 3 2 / 3 POP SMOKE - DIOR (Official Lyric Video) Song Credits: Dior- (Official Lyric Video) by Pop Smoke Stream Meet The Woo 2: PopSmoke.lnk.to/MTW2 Subscribe to .... com as a BLOCKED site for pop ups and redirects. y2mate 2017 is synonym of yt downloader, yt down, yt mp3, yt mp4 etc. Search for the song that you will convert .... Popular Songs Download - Listen Latest Popular Songs online free. Browse Popular MP3 Songs albums and artists and download new Popular Songs only on .... Discover and download music with our free personalized discovery tools. Read reviews, listen to samples, and buy tracks or albums from your favorite artists. Scroll down until you find the song that you want to add to your MP3 player. ... Common streaming apps include Spotify and Pandora, but you can use any free .... mzee yusuf songs mp3 download, QASWIDA AUDIO | Mzee Yusuf – Ya Ramadhan ... Mzee teams up with his sister Khadija Yusuf, another very popular taarab ... popular songs popular songs, popular songs 2021, popular songs 2020, popular songs right now, popular song lyrics, popular song wicked, popular songs 2019, popular songs on tiktok, popular songs 2018, popular songs 2017, popular song mika, popular song ariana grande Similar to an e-card these birthday videos are quickly becoming popular. Solar system quiz for grade 5 with answers. Medley of War Songs - Edison Military Band: .... Top Songs 2020 New Popular Songs 2020 download, Top Songs 2020 New Popular Songs 2020 ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ, Songs Popular New 2020 Songs Top 2020 ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ.. your download ,songs birthday Happy of list popular here Find favorite one and share with the birthday person, trust us he will surely like your .. -
Top Albums (17/09/2021 - 24/09/2021)
Top Albums (17/09/2021 - 24/09/2021) Pos. SD Artiste Titre Éditeur Distributeur 1 FLORENT PAGNY L'AVENIR CAPITOL MUSIC FRANCE UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 2 LETO 17% REC118 WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 3 1 JOHNNY HALLYDAY JOHNNY ACTE II LABEL PANTHEON UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 4 2 SOPRANO CHASSEUR D'ETOILES REC118 WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 5 3 OBOY NO CRARI BELIEVE BELIEVE 6 LIL NAS X MONTERO SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT 7 4 GRAND CORPS MALADE MESDAMES CAROLINE FRANCE UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 8 9 LAYLOW L'ÉTRANGE HISTOIRE DE MR.ANDERSON SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT 9 6 JUL DEMAIN ÇA IRA BELIEVE BELIEVE 10 5 IRON MAIDEN SENJUTSU WEA WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 11 7 DRAKE CERTIFIED LOVER BOY ISLAND DEF JAM 12 13 NEKFEU LES ÉTOILES VAGABONDES : EXPANSION POLYDOR UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 13 14 CLARA LUCIANI C?UR ROMANCE MUSIQUE UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 14 8 IMAGINE DRAGONS MERCURY - ACT 1 POLYDOR UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 15 15 DADJU POISON OU ANTIDOTE POLYDOR UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 16 17 DAMSO QALF TRENTE-QUATRE CENTIMES 17 18 PNL DEUX FRERES BELIEVE BELIEVE 18 19 THE WEEKND THE HIGHLIGHTS ISLAND DEF JAM UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 19 12 BILLIE EILISH HAPPIER THAN EVER POLYDOR UNIVERSAL MUSIC FRANCE 20 20 NINHO DESTIN REC. 118 / MAL LUNE MUSIC WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 21 16 NAPS LES MAINS FAITES POUR L'OR BELIEVE BELIEVE 22 21 DOJA CAT PLANET HER (DELUXE) SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT 23 22 NINHO M.I.L.S. 3 REC. 118 / MAL LUNE MUSIC WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 24 23 DUA LIPA FUTURE NOSTALGIA WEA WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 25 28 SCH JVLIVS II REC118 WARNER MUSIC FRANCE 26 29 DJADJA & DINAZ SPLEEN BELIEVE BELIEVE Classements officiels de la Société Civile des Producteurs Phonographiques (SCPP) établis par GFK en collaboration avec le SNEP. -
Worldcharts TOP 75 + Album TOP 30 Vom 22.10.2020
CHARTSSERVICE – WORLDCHARTS – TOP 75 SINGLES NO. 1088 – 22.10.2020 PL VW WO PK ARTIST SONG 1 1 8 1 24KGOLDN ft. IANN DIOR mood 2 4 4 2 JUSTIN BIEBER ft. CHANCE THE RAPPER holy 3 2 8 2 BTS dynamite 4 3 18 1 JAWSH 685 & JASON DERULO savage love (laxed - siren beat) 5 5 14 4 JOEL CORRY ft. MNEK head & heart 6 6 6 6 INTERNET MONEY ft. GUNNA, DON TOLIVER & NAV lemonade 7 7 11 7 JASON DERULO take you dancing 8 9 9 8 MILEY CYRUS midnight sky 9 18 2 9 SHAWN MENDES wonder 10 8 10 4 CARDI B ft. MEGAN THEE STALLION wap 11 10 7 10 CLEAN BANDIT ft. MABEL & 24KGOLDN tick tock 12 17 3 12 POP SMOKE what you know bout love 13 16 8 13 TATE MCRAE you broke my first 14 11 12 11 MASTER KG ft. NOMCEBO ZIKODE jerusalema 15 15 4 15 DAVID GUETTA & SIA let's love 16 12 36 2 TOPIC ft. A7S breaking me 17 13 39 3 HARRY STYLES watermelon sugar 18 14 46 1 WEEKND blinding lights 19 19 3 19 SAM SMITH diamonds 20 20 10 17 MALUMA hawai 21 21 11 19 POP SMOKE ft. LIL BABY & DABABY for the night 22 47 4 22 DUA LIPA levitating 23 23 16 21 TWOCOLORS lovefool 24 38 2 24 CAMILO vida de rico 25 22 12 16 J BALVIN, DUA LIPA, BAD BUNNY ft. TAINY un día (one day) 26 29 4 26 MARSHMELLO & DEMI LOVATO ok not to be ok 27 27 10 27 OFENBACH & QUARTERHEAD ft. -
BILAN RADIO-TV Programmation Musicale
BILAN RADIO-TV Programmation Musicale BILAN ANNEE 2020 Partenaire de la filière Musicale Bilan Radio mOuv' Alouette Radio 6 Radio Scoop 47 FM FGL Frequence Plus Horizon K6 FM Plein Air Radio Cristal Radio Mélodie RVA Viv'Radio Evolutions du panel Radio en 2019-2020: le panel passe de 176 à 173 stations [Bilan 2020] Les N°1 (Titre / Artiste / Répertoire) N 1 The Weeknd «Blinding lights» (Island-Def Jam / Universal Music) Classement 110 817 diffusions / 2,3 milliards de contacts Général Radio Rappel Année 2019 : Calvin Harris feat. Rag 'N' Bone Man «Giant» The Weeknd «In your eyes» Single (Island-Def Jam / Universal Music) le plus Playlisté Entré en playlist sur 105 des 176 radios du panel Rappel Année 2019 : Angèle «Balance ton quoi» The Weeknd Artiste / Groupe (Island-Def Jam / Universal Music) Le Plus Diffusé 231 832 diffusions / 54 titres différents / 4,3 milliards de contacts Rappel Année 2019 : Angèle [Bilan 2020] Top 100 Radio Classement annuel établi à partir du cumul des diffusions sur l’ensemble des stations du Panel Yacast. Les diffusions sont pondérées à partir de l’audience des radios (Source Médiamétrie ) Rg ARTISTE TITRE LABEL Rg ARTISTE TITRE LABEL 21 Regard Ride it B1 The Weeknd Blinding lights Island-Def Jam u 22 Ofenbach Head shoulders knees & toes Elektra France 23 Ray Dalton In my bones Smart The Weeknd In your eyes Island-Def Jam v 24 Shaed feat. Zayn Trampoline Caroline 25 Black Eyed Peas Ritmo (Bad boys for life) Rca Group Nea Some say Rca Group w 26 Clara Luciani Ma soeur Initial Artist Services 27 Soprano A nos héros du quotidien Rec. -
Report Artist Release Tracktitle Streaming 2017 1Wayfrank Ayegirl
Report Artist Release Tracktitle Streaming 2017 1wayfrank Ayegirl - Single Ayegirl Streaming 2017 2 Brothers On the 4th Floor Best of 2 Brothers On the 4th Floor Dreams (Radio Version) Streaming 2017 2 Chainz TrapAvelli Tre El Chapo Jr Streaming 2017 2 Unlimited Get Ready for This - Single Get Ready for This (Yar Rap Edit) Streaming 2017 3LAU Fire (Remixes) - Single Fire (Price & Takis Remix) Streaming 2017 4Pro Smiler Til Fjender - Single Smiler Til Fjender Streaming 2017 666 Supa-Dupa-Fly (Remixes) - EP Supa-Dupa-Fly (Radio Version) Lets Lurk (feat. LD, Dimzy, Asap, Monkey & Streaming 2017 67 Liquez) No Hook (feat. LD, Dimzy, Asap, Monkey & Liquez) Streaming 2017 6LACK Loyal - Single Loyal Streaming 2017 8Ball Julekugler - Single Julekugler Streaming 2017 A & MOX2 Behøver ikk Behøver ikk (feat. Milo) Streaming 2017 A & MOX2 DE VED DET DE VED DET Streaming 2017 A Billion Robots This Is Melbourne - Single This Is Melbourne Streaming 2017 A Day to Remember Homesick (Special Edition) If It Means a Lot to You Streaming 2017 A Day to Remember What Separates Me from You All I Want Streaming 2017 A Flock of Seagulls Wishing: The Very Best Of I Ran Streaming 2017 A.CHAL Welcome to GAZI Round Whippin' Streaming 2017 A2M I Got Bitches - Single I Got Bitches Streaming 2017 Abbaz Hvor Meget Din X Ikk Er Mig - Single Hvor Meget Din X Ikk Er Mig Streaming 2017 Abbaz Harakat (feat. Gio) - Single Harakat (feat. Gio) Streaming 2017 ABRA Rose Fruit Streaming 2017 Abstract Im Good (feat. Roze & Drumma Battalion) Im Good (feat. Blac) Streaming 2017 Abstract Something to Write Home About I Do This (feat. -
August 2020 Issue
THE HARBINGER Empowering young minds through information Miami Lakes Educational Center August 2020 ~ Vol. XXII No. 1 5780 NW 158th St Miami Lakes, FL Miami Week Of Welcome: “Ready, Set, MSO!” waking up at their usual time to “I expect the first week of time to begin the process of trict officials have also recom- By Aileen Delgado reunite with their classmates; to be about situating ourselves and aggregating the necessary data. mended that students wear their @aileenedu instead, high school will begin working on being able to com- “There continue to be uniforms at home, to achieve After months of un- at 8:30, an hour and ten min- municate smoothly with teachers. challenges for all of us. Students, “a greater sense of normalcy.” certainty, a surge in COVID-19 utes later. Instead of navigating It can get hard especially with parents, teachers, and district Regardless of how much infections and public debates, through the school campus, to teachers who may not be techno- personnel would all like to feel teachers and district officials push Miami-Dade County Public the right classroom in the cor- logically inclined,” she continued. 100 percent secure as we move for a smooth opening of schools, Schools (MDCPS) will begin rect building, Jaguars will open With an updated bell forward, but we are utilizing a it will feel far from normal. the 2021 school year online. up a laptop and click to attend schedule and an unfamiliar on- technological medium to deliver “The past several months After days of parent in- a scheduled virtual meeting. -
Catalogue Karaoke Français-Anglais Mise a Jour Juillet 2021.XLS
2 BE 3 2 be 3 pour etre libre 616/6 2 BE 3 Partir un jour 620/8 ADAMO Salvador Vous permettez monsieur 625/1 ADAMO Salvador Les filles du bord de mer 658/11 ADAMO Salvador Tombe la neige 660/11 AFFAIRE LOUIS TRIO Bienvenu à Paris 624/4 AFFAIRE LOUIS TRIO Chic planète 583/1 AFRICAN CONNECTION Ami oh 668/1 AGATHE J'veux pas rentrer chez moi 681/1 ALABIMA Alabima 594/11 ALADIN Ce rêve bleu 673/1 ALIZEE Lolita 629/6 ALLIANCE ETHNIC Simple et Funky 609/12 ALLIANCE ETHNIC Respect 636/8 AMADOU ET MYRIAM La réalité 671/5 AMINE J'voulais 678/1 AMIR Les yeux de ma peine 103/9 AMIR J'ai cherché 566/4 AMIR On dirait 574/12 AMIR tes états d'amour 100/10 ANGELE Balance ton quoi 103/10 ANGELICA La musique 588/2 ANGUN Au nom de la lune 697/1 ANTHONY Richard Et j'entends siffler le train 589/24 ANTHONY Richard Da do ron ron 633/7 ANTHONY Richard Amoureux de ma femme 647/11 ANTHONY Richard J'irai twister le blues 657/9 ANTOINE Les élucubrations d'antoine 594/12 ARCADIAN Folie arcadienne 574/16 ARCADIAN Mon combat 109/9 ARCADIAN Les sables émouvants 109/10 ARENA Tina Aller plus haut 655/2 ARENA Tina Aimer jusqu'à l'impossible 677/7 ARENA Tina Tu es toujours là 677/8 ARENA Tina Tu aurais du me dire 679/8 ASSIA Elle est a toi 631/9 AU P'TIT BONHEUR J'veux du soleil 637/6 AUBRET Isabelle La source 587/8 AUFFRAY Hugues Céline 577/14 AUFFRAY Hugues Debout les gars 646/1 AUFFRAY Hugues Dés que le printemps revient 648/2 AUFFRAY Hugues Santiano 678/3 AVENTURA Obsession 670/2 AZAN Bob Fais moi du couscous Chérie 596/2 AZNAVOUR Charles Je m'voyais déjà 588/6 AZNAVOUR -
Midyear Report Canada 2020
NIELSEN MUSIC / MRC DATA MIDYEAR REPORT CANADA 2020 1 Introduction HAT A DIFFERENCE A FEW MONTHS MAKE. IT’S HARD TO BELIEVE THAT IT WASN’T even six months ago that Shakira and Jennifer Lopez performed for a tightly packed crowd of more than 60,000 people in Miami at the Super Bowl, while Billie Eilish and her brother Finneas picked up five Grammys at what turned out to be 2020’s last major music business gathering since COVID-19 halted live events. WBy Friday, March 13, the NBA and NHL had suspended play, the NCAA had canceled its spring tournaments, and theaters and live music venues had closed. As “safer at home” orders spread throughout the country, our homes became our offices, our schools, our daycares and our social hubs. Quickly and dramatically, life had changed. Our routines were disrupted, and we struggled to find balance. Still, the music industry was experiencing a strong start to the year. Audio streaming was growing through early March, up 20.9% over the same period in 2019. Total music consumption was up 10.8% in the first 10 weeks of the year. As working from home became a reality for many, some of the key music listening hours, such as during commutes, were disrupted. But one thing that has remained consistent as the pandemic has unfolded is entertainment’s place in helping consumers escape, relax and feel energized. In fact, in our recent consumer research studies, 73% of people said they would go crazy without entertainment during this time. Then, just as many communities began to slowly reopen, the country was shaken by the senseless May 25 killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police. -
The Influence of Network Design on Firm Performance – Perspectives and Empirical Evidence
THE INFLUENCE OF NETWORK DESIGN ON FIRM PERFORMANCE – PERSPECTIVES AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften durch die Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS-UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER vorgelegt von BRINJA MEISEBERG aus Bottrop Münster, 2010 Erster Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Ehrmann Zweite Berichterstatterin: Prof. Dr. Anja Tuschke Dekan: Prof. Dr. Stefan Klein Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 12. April 2010 Acknowledgements The process of writing this dissertation was accompanied by a number of people to whom I would like to express my gratitude for their support. I am sincerely indebted to my dissertation advisor, Prof. Dr. Thomas Ehrmann, Institute of Stra- tegic Management at Münster University, for his guidance and promotion of my research efforts, and for providing extensive expertise and creative commentary whenever needed. I am also in- debted for his continuous trust in taking me on as a research assistant. I thank Prof. Dr. Anja Tuschke, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, for her co-supervisory of my dissertation. I extend my thanks to Prof. Dr. Martin Bohl and Prof. Dr. Gerhard Schewe, both of Münster University, for accepting the responsibility to join the dissertation committee. Finally, I thank Dr. Hendrik Schmale, Sandra Stevermüer and Alfred Koch for being great friends and colleagues. I am deeply grateful to Dagmar and Rolf Meiseberg for promoting and challenging critical thinking in any endeavours, and for being a constant source of love, concern, support and strength, all these years. I thank Prof. Dr. Frank Ückert for supporting me every step of the way. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................