Crime Dynamics and Distribution of Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate, Paschim Bardhaman District

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 25, Issue 2, Series. 9 (February. 2020) 08-16 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Crime Dynamics and Distribution of Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate, Paschim Bardhaman District Amit Banerjee1*, Amit Kumar Roy2 , Dr. Suma Dawn3 1, 3 Department of Geography , 2 Department of Geoinformatics 1 (Post Graduate Student, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India) 2 (Post Graduate Student, Sangam University, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India) 3 (Assistant Professor, Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, India) Abstract: Establishing the source of criminal behaviors among people in the society has continued to trigger a debate over time. In most cases, criminal activities have been associated with two main factors: nature and nurture. The argument behind this notion is whether an individual‟s genetic composition or physical environment makes him/her to engage in criminal activities. According to Pollock, crimes are actions that are prohibited by the law. Criminal activities have short-term and long-term effects on the society and affect everyone. This project discusses in a Police Commissionerate area, how crime is observed in every small places and with its relationship to the environment and people's education. The article focuses on crime. It raises such questions: In recent times, what is the crime direction and what is its future? What is going on in the environment of human education? What is the relationship between the other side as well as the environmental degradation plays an important role in the area? And how is it affecting its neighboring areas and harassing people? Key Words: Criminal behaviors, Criminal activities, Human education, Environmental degradation. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 08-02-2020 Date of Acceptance: 24-02-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. INTRODUCTION ‘Crime’ as a specific and confined term in respect to the term: ‘Deviance’. The concept of „Deviance‟ is broader than that crime. Deviance may be defined as non-conformation of a set of norms that are conceived by a considerable number of people of a society or a community. Deviance maybe positively accepted or negatively or neither positively nor negatively. The positive sign of deviance makes, when a physical breaks the rule of self discipline for the establishment of the new theory. On the other hand, an example of negative sign of deviance may be a murder that don‟t only deviates from social norms but also deviates from the moral ethics of humanity. So, an action defined as deviance in one social condition may be considered as perfectly normal in another. As deviance is determined by culture, when culture changes over time and varies some society to society, divisions character also changes. For instance, in Western society once upon a time smoking of a woman, consuming alcoholic drink in public was considered as deviant but today this is accepted normally. On the other hand, homosexuality made legal since 1994 in Britain which in tern use to be a criminal offence in India till now. Crime is a serious issue that affects everyone in society. It affects the victims, perpetrators and their families. Crime has increased drastically within the last decade. More prisons are being built around the world because there is not enough room to hold inmates. The government has made an attempt to reduce crime by funding programs such as prevention and intervention for youth at risk, as well as rehabilitation for prisoners that will be released. In this article the relationship between crime and literacy has been shown, the trend of last 2 years of crime reported has been shown and also given some proposed suggestions at the end. Although we know that the crime rate is increasing continuously in our societies but in the area of Asansol Durgapur police commissionerate (Study Area) is working very good, so that we can see that the average reported crime has been decreased and the literacy is affecting some areas. ------------------------------------------------------------------ * Corresponding Author: Amit Banerjee M.A. (Geography Department) ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-4951 Mail ID: [email protected] DOI: 10.9790/0837-2502090816 www.iosrjournals.org 8 |Page Crime Dynamics and Distribution of Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate, Paschim .. II. CRIME AS AN ASPECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES Crime and the fear of crime are significant aspects of daily life and as such have been studied closely by human geographers who have examined the interactions between crime, space, and society. The event of crime shows strong spatial variations, and, perhaps unsurprisingly, work by geographers is initially concern with mapping and explaining patterns of crime, largely in town centers. While the mapping of crime remains important, especially with the growing sophistication of geographic information system (GIS), the sub discipline has burgeoned to encompass a wider range of theoretical and empirical concerns. Feminist geographers, for example, have experimented crimes against women and the ways in which it contributes to their exclusion from society, drawing view to the often hidden crimes committed in private and domestic spaces. Others have experimented how crime is policed and, increasingly, how policing contributes to the fragmentation and reshaping of public space, often with exclusionary results. Research into the geography of crime holds something of a niche position; various geographers, for paradigms, would describe themselves as 'crime' geographers and may instead ascertain with the broader strands social, urban or feminist geographies that inform their studies. Criminology, sociology, and spatial statistics overlap with the geographies of crime and these disciplines possess and have been informed by geographical studies. Experiment into the geography of crime remains different and vibrant, cutting across many areas of social and cultural geography as well marking on and contributing to debates in criminology and other related disciplines. III. PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The study has been done on the crime scenario of ADPC with special emphasis on the safety, security and awareness. To start with any attempt to define the criminal behavior in an urban area and a rural area comprise of the fact that nature of crime here depends on the socio-cultural conditions and Cosmo-population. The study area suffers from the criminal activities and crime as a whole, is a significant social hazard affecting common people's property and life. So, the study is based on the crime dynamics, social conditions and protection measures taken for the above. The crime patterns in the study area (ADPC) have some theoretical background which expose the causation and nature of crime in that particular place. The study area is an industrial mining complex and coal lifting OCP (Open Cast Project) zone. The area comprised of various cultural sub-groups and social classes. They gave birth to the Gangsters and different types of criminal offences here. A general study of crime and criminals, their dynamics of 17 police stations (ADPC) has been perceptualised. IV. STUDY AREA Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate established in 2011. The commissionerate is a part of the West Bengal police, and is under the administrative control of home ministry of west Bengal. The Commissionerate is headquartered at Asansol and divided into three divisions (i.e. east division, west division, central division).The commissionerate serves us with the help of 17 police stations .The charge of this commissionerate has been taken over by Shri Sukesh Kumar Jain, IPS on 01.01.2020. The study area is located in West Bengal, with urban industrial complex and mining backbones. In the west of ADPC, there is Asansol-Chittaranjan Blocks; Raniganj-Durgapur is situated in the middle-eastern part of ADPC, and Ajay River in the North and Damodar River in the South of the Study Area. For the present study, Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate has been selected. The study area extending from 230 22’59” N to 230 50’00” N and from 860 46’ 51” E to 870 29’29” E. Total area of the study area is 1,603.17 km2 (618.99 sq mi). Fig 1. Source: Compiled by Author DOI: 10.9790/0837-2502090816 www.iosrjournals.org 9 |Page Crime Dynamics and Distribution of Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate, Paschim .. Fig 2. Source: Compiled by Author V. RATIONALE BEHIND SELECTION OF THE STUDY AREA In social geography the analysis of crime is very important aspect. As it is respectively new established commissionerate, this kind of work has not been done in this area before. Being local I might have some responsibilities to figure out this kind of situation. As I have mentioned above it is a newly established commissionerate, so it is fully updated with new system & data are easily available on the website of Asansol- Durgapur Police Commissionerate. As a large industrial area, the crime rate is much higher than in other surrounding areas. VI. OBJECTIVES 1] To see spatial temporal occurrence of criminal offences. 2] To know the causes of crimes of the study area. 3] To compare the criminal occurrences with the literacy rate in ADPC. 4] To see crime dynamics and distribution

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