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Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide

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Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide July 31, 2021 Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide Copyright © 2004 – 2021 the Debian Installer team This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Please refer to the license in Appendix F. Build version of this manual: 20210730. i Contents 1 Welcome to Debian 1 1.1 What is Debian? . 1 1.2 What is GNU/Linux? . 1 1.3 What is Debian GNU/Linux? . 2 1.4 What is the Debian Installer? . 3 1.5 Getting Debian . 3 1.6 Getting the Newest Version of This Document . 3 1.7 Organization of This Document . 3 1.8 About Copyrights and Software Licenses . 4 2 System Requirements 5 2.1 Supported Hardware . 5 2.1.1 Supported Architectures . 5 2.1.2 CPU, Main Boards, and Video Support . 6 2.1.2.1 CPU . 6 2.1.2.2 I/O Bus . 6 2.1.3 Laptops . 6 2.1.4 Multiple Processors . 6 2.1.5 Graphics Hardware Support . 6 2.1.6 Network Connectivity Hardware . 7 2.1.6.1 Wireless Network Cards . 7 2.1.7 Braille Displays . 7 2.1.8 Hardware Speech Synthesis . 7 2.1.9 Peripherals and Other Hardware . 7 2.2 Devices Requiring Firmware . 7 2.3 Purchasing Hardware Specifically for GNU/Linux . 8 2.3.1 Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware . 8 2.4 Installation Media . 8 2.4.1 CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/BD-ROM . 9 2.4.2 USB Memory Stick . 9 2.4.3 Network . 9 2.4.4 Hard Disk . 9 2.4.5 Un*x or GNU system . 9 2.4.6 Supported Storage Systems . 9 2.5 Memory and Disk Space Requirements . 9 3 Before Installing Debian GNU/Linux 11 3.1 Overview of the Installation Process . 11 3.2 Back Up Your Existing Data! . 12 3.3 Information You Will Need . 12 3.3.1 Documentation . 12 3.3.1.1 Installation Manual . 12 3.3.1.2 Hardware documentation . 12 3.3.2 Finding Sources of Hardware Information . 12 3.3.3 Hardware Compatibility . 13 3.3.3.1 Testing hardware compatibility with a Live-System . 14 3.3.4 Network Settings . 14 3.4 Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements . 15 3.5 Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems . 15 3.6 Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup . 16 3.6.1 Invoking the BIOS/UEFI Set-Up Menu . 16 3.6.2 Boot Device Selection . 16 3.6.3 Systems with UEFI firmware . 16 3.6.4 Secure boot . 17 ii CONTENTS 3.6.5 Disabling the Windows “fast boot”/“fast startup” feature . 17 3.6.6 Hardware Issues to Watch Out For . 17 4 Obtaining System Installation Media 18 4.1 Official Debian GNU/Linux installation images . 18 4.2 Downloading Files from Debian Mirrors . 18 4.2.1 Where to Find Installation Files . 18 4.3 Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting . 18 4.3.1 Preparing a USB stick using a hybrid CD/DVD image . 19 4.3.2 Manually copying files to the USB stick . 20 4.3.3 Manually copying files to the USB stick — the flexible way . 20 4.3.3.1 Partitioning the USB stick . 20 4.3.3.2 Adding the installer image . 21 4.4 Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting . 21 4.4.1 Hard disk installer booting from Linux using GRUB ..................... 21 4.4.2 Hard disk installer booting from DOS using loadlin ..................... 22 4.5 Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting . 22 4.5.1 Setting up a DHCP server . 22 4.5.1.1 Enabling PXE Booting in the DHCP configuration . 23 4.5.2 Setting up a BOOTP server . 23 4.5.3 Enabling the TFTP Server . 24 4.5.4 Move TFTP Images Into Place . 24 4.6 Automatic Installation . 24 4.6.1 Automatic Installation Using the Debian Installer . 24 4.7 Verifying the integrity of installation files . 25 5 Booting the Installation System 26 5.1 Booting the Installer on 32-bit PC . 26 5.1.1 Booting from USB Memory Stick . 26 5.1.2 Booting from optical disc (CD/DVD) . 26 5.1.3 Booting from Windows . 27 5.1.4 Booting from DOS using loadlin . 27 5.1.5 Booting from Linux using GRUB .............................. 27 5.1.6 Booting with TFTP . 27 5.1.6.1 NIC or Motherboard that support PXE . 28 5.1.6.2 NIC with Network BootROM . 28 5.1.6.3 Etherboot . 28 5.1.7 The Boot Screen . 28 5.1.8 The Graphical Installer . 29 5.2 Accessibility.............................................. 30 5.2.1 Installer front-end . 30 5.2.2 USB Braille Displays . 30 5.2.3 Serial Braille Displays . 30 5.2.4 Software Speech Synthesis . 30 5.2.5 Hardware Speech Synthesis . 31 5.2.6 Board Devices . 31 5.2.7 High-Contrast Theme . 31 5.2.8 Zoom . ..
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