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Pachypodium Namaquanum (Wyley Ex Harv.) Family: Apocynaceae Welw

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Pachypodium Namaquanum (Wyley Ex Harv.) Family: Apocynaceae Welw TAXON: Pachypodium SCORE: -4.0 RATING: Low Risk namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Wel Taxon: Pachypodium namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Family: Apocynaceae Welw. Common Name(s): elephant's trunk Synonym(s): Adenium namaquanum Wyley ex Harv. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 24 Jan 2017 WRA Score: -4.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Succulent, Cactus-Like, Spiny, Slow-Growing, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 y 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 n conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 24 Jan 2017 (Pachypodium Page 1 of 14 namaquanum (Wyley ex Ha TAXON: Pachypodium SCORE: -4.0 RATING: Low Risk namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Wel Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 y 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 y=1, n=-1 n yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 24 Jan 2017 (Pachypodium Page 2 of 14 namaquanum (Wyley ex Ha TAXON: Pachypodium SCORE: -4.0 RATING: Low Risk namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Wel Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Rapanarivo, S.H.J.V. (1999). Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): Taxonomy, Ecology & Cultivation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, No evidence of domestication FL 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. "Native: 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Africa Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Southern Africa: Namibia; South Africa - Cape Province" [Accessed 24 Jan 2017] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 24 Jan 2017] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes "P. namaquanum occurs between 300 and 900 m in arid regions both north and south of the Orange R. on rocky slopes, often with their roots wedged tightly between large boulders or in rock crevices Rapanarivo, S.H.J.V. (1999). Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): (Phillips 1940). Apparently the plants are strongly phototropic, they Taxonomy, Ecology & Cultivation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, grow in areas where the sun is always to their north and most FL characteristically they curve their apex northwards. This species particularly fascinates gardeners, but although the seed germinates fairly readily, it generally does not thrive away from its natural desertlike conditions (Coates Palgrave 1983)." Creation Date: 24 Jan 2017 (Pachypodium Page 3 of 14 namaquanum (Wyley ex Ha TAXON: Pachypodium SCORE: -4.0 RATING: Low Risk namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Wel Qsn # Question Answer "Pachypodium namaquanum is found in dry rocky deserts at altitudes from 300-900 m above sea level in the Gariep Centre (a centre of floristic endemism), which has the greatest variety of succulents on earth. The climate is harsh and the weather can be Voigt, W. & Pekeur, O. 2007. Pachypodium namaquanum. quite unpredictable. Rainfall varies from as little as 50 to 150 mm, PlantZAfrica. SANBI. http://pza.sanbi.org/pachypodium- and occurs mainly in winter. Extreme aridity is experienced in rain namaquanum. [Accessed 24 Jan 2017] shadows of some mountains where as little as 0-15 mm falls annually. Additional precipitation is supplied by thick layers of fog that occasionally move inland from the coast. The maximum temperature in summer may reach 48 °C with a mean of approximately 25 °C." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online "Native: Africa Southern Africa: Namibia; South Africa - Cape Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Province" [Accessed 24 Jan 2017] Does the species have a history of repeated 205 ? introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online "Cultivated: . also cult." Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 24 Jan 2017] "Regional Dave's Garden. 2017. Club Foot, Elephant's Trunk, Half- This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Man's, Halfmen - Pachypodium namaquanum. Phoenix, Arizona http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/53186/. [Accessed Simi Valley, California 24 Jan 2017] Spring Valley, California Vista, California" 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. 2017. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, No evidence to date Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 24 Jan 2017] Creation Date: 24 Jan 2017 (Pachypodium Page 4 of 14 namaquanum (Wyley ex Ha TAXON: Pachypodium SCORE: -4.0 RATING: Low Risk namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Wel Qsn # Question Answer 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 305 Congeneric weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y Source(s) Notes "Cactus-like plant, 1.5-5 m high; trunk subcylindrical, unbranched or once or sometimes twice branched, 10-30 cm in diameter at the base, tapering to 8-10 cm in diameter at the apex; bark grey-green to dark brown, smooth or with remains of leaf scars; upper part of trunk and branches covered with straight or curved spines in groups of three, two of which subequal, 1.5-7.5 cm long, 1-3 mm in Rapanarivo, S.H.J.V. (1999). Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): diameter at the base, in between them the third small one 0.5-4 cm Taxonomy, Ecology & Cultivation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, long, 0.5-2 mm in diameter, fused at their base and forming a conical FL or subcorneal and laterally compressed excrescence, 4-5 x 4-3 x 3-2 mm, leaf scar between the two spines near the base, rarely the small spine absent, erect at the apex of trunk or branches, later recurved and shed, leaving the basal excrescences." ..
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