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Multi-Dimensional Jews Transforming Our Discourse? One Way Is by As a Jewish Militant in Brooklyn

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Multi-Dimensional Jews Transforming Our Discourse? One Way Is by As a Jewish Militant in Brooklyn A Letter to Friends on the Right /// Yossi Klein Halevi not the descendants, literally or spiritually, varied wanderings? More profoundly, can we of Amalek. While Amalek was motivated by learn to internalize each other’s indispensible pure hatred of the Jews, our war with the insights? Palestinians, bitter as it is, is the result of We are all afraid for Israel – but we call our counter-claims and narratives. fears by different, sometimes contradictory, The clash over competing Jewish values names. Our shared fear is that our return is particularly acute in Hebron. There are few to this land is conditional, that we can once places in the Land of Israel that I feel more again forfeit our hold here – because of a lack deeply connected to than the City of the of sufficient love for the land, because of a lack Patriarchs and Matriarchs. And I resonate of sufficient sensitivity to the stranger among with the arguments of Hebron’s settlers: what us; because of the hedonism of Tel Aviv, because Yossi Klein Halevi people would voluntarily cede control over of the fanaticism of Bnai Brak. In a sense all is a writer, political its birthplace, of its most ancient pantheon? our arguments are about the same question: commentator, and And yes, the presence of settlers in Hebron what is the fateful “sin” that may unravel the fellow at the Shalom helps ensure relatively safe Jewish access to return of the Jews home? Hartman Institute. A the Tomb of the Patriarchs. And yet: consider Yet even as I respect the passion of those contributing editor the price of maintaining a Jewish presence in who ask that question, I fear their answers. I of the New Republic, Hebron – including closing down Arab shops fear the destructive capacity of true believers he is the author of to create a cordon of safety around the Jewish who always know precisely what Israel must At the Entrance to the enclaves. Each time I visit Hebron the dilemma do, regardless of the consequences if they Garden of Eden: A appears more acute. How can we remain true are wrong. Perhaps the shared “sin” of our Jew's Search for God to ourselves if we leave Hebron? How can we ideologues is a lack of humility. Sometimes with Christians and remain true to ourselves if we stay under these it seems to me that Israel needs to be saved Muslims in the Holy conditions? most of all from its would-be saviors of left Land and Memoirs of and right. a Jewish Extremist, an How, then, to begin the process of account of his years Multi-Dimensional Jews transforming our discourse? One way is by as a Jewish militant in Brooklyn. The way we approach the Hebron conundrum, acknowledging that the fanatics don’t in fact as our other political and moral dilemmas, often define their respective camps. Each camp has depends on one’s Jewish experiences. During a fatal yetzer harah, an evil temptation, and the first intifada I served in a reservist unit in that yetzer harah is expressed on the fringe, Gaza with a new immigrant from South Africa, which seeks ideological purity and perfection: whom I’ll call Ze’ev. His deepest fear was of violence on the right, betrayal on the left. The an apartheid Israel; in the refugee camps we fringes need to be discredited – and that can patrolled, Ze’ev saw Soweto. only be achieved by the mainstream of each In our same unit was a new immigrant from camp. Ethiopia named Shimon, who had trekked to a In the end, though, I am not arguing for a Sudanese refugee camp in the mid-1980s. Like policy but a sensibility. The challenge of our other Jews there, he had hidden his Jewishness generation is to create a multi-dimensional from the Arab authorities; but a Sudanese Jewish personality capable of containing soldier, suspecting he was Jewish, crushed differing, even opposing insights from across his bare foot with an iron-tipped boot. Now the political and cultural spectrum. Your camp Shimon walked with a limp. His greatest fear has a crucial role to play in diffusing the was that the Arab world would destroy Israel, growing alienation between Jews. The capacity and that he and his family would be returned to acknowledge that your opponent too has to a refugee camp. Gaza turned Ze’ev into a an indispensible insight culled from Jewish leftist, and Shimon into a rightist. history and likewise speaks with the authority We are the Jews we are, then, largely because of Jewish values would go a long way toward of the Jews we were. Can we learn to respect accomplishing the goal you so passionately the wisdom and fears accumulated in our endorse: healing the Jewish people. HAVRUTA | 67 Afikoman /// Old Texts for New Times The Double- Edged Sword of Criticism Berl Katznelson and the Partition of Palestine n 25 August 1944, S.Y. Agnon published a piece in the daily newspaper OHa'aretz about a prominent figure who had just passed away. Agnon had nothing but praise for the deceased, including him among the "four men in whom the Almighty vested the power to give shape to the Yishuv." The first three luminaries named were Agnon's close friend, the gifted Hebrew writer Yosef Hayyim Brenner; Arthur Ruppin, mastermind of Zionist settlement and land acquisition; and Rabbi Avraham HaCohen Kook, the first Chief Rabbi of the Land of Israel. The fourth man, Agnon wrote, "taught us all that the above three had given us combined." That man was Berl Katznelson. {By ORR SCHARF 68 | Winter 2012 The Double-Edged Sword of Criticism: Berl Katznelson and the Partition of Palestine /// Orr Scharf Born in 1886 in Bobruisk, Russia (in today's In the Maelstrom of Belarus), Berl (as he was known to all) came to Palestine in 1908, in the wave of immigration Contention that came to be known as the Second Aliyah. In his memorial article, Agnon listed Berl's His resumé encapsulates Zionist mythology: three main virtues, among which was "a talent traveling day worker in Jaffa, Petah Tikva, for capturing the main argument." And he the Galilee and Jerusalem; member of the elaborated: experimental workers collective, Kvutzat Kinneret; infantryman in the Jewish Legion of In the whirlpool of opinions and in the the British Army, founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky labyrinth of confused thoughts, [Berl] would and Yosef Trumpeldor. Berl's contribution always recognize the main argument that to agricultural work and military service his interlocutor meant to convey without was nothing to write home about; but he realizing it. And even his detractors were immediately stood out as a leader in the sometimes amazed when, in the heat of emerging Labor Zionist movement. His advice debate, he would repeat back to them the was sought and his guidance accepted almost gist of their argument in order to refute wherever he went. it, and this way they could have a grasp of Not one to adopt high-flown titles or their own position. ("On Berl Katznelson", posts, Berl may be alternately described as 1944) a workers' leader, ideologue, educator and Indeed, Berl Katznelson's life was painted political maverick. With a rare combination with the colors of criticism and controversy, of vision and practicality, he became one of as with those of conflict resolution and the chief architects of institutional Zionism, reconciliation. For Berl, Zionism was a having established such vital organizations movement born in strife. Drawing on socialist as Hapoalim Bank (one of Israel's two leading values and inspired by their revolutionary spirit, banks today), the Histadrut (the powerful the Zionists of Berl's generation first had to federation of Israeli labor unions), and Clalit grapple with the criticisms and resistance of the Health Services (the largest healthcare mainstream voices in the Jewish world, before provider in the country). Interestingly, the they could address the challenge of creating a only longstanding official positions that Berl sovereign Jewish state. His editorial in Davar's held were in publishing, as founding editor of inaugural issue of 1 June, 1925, entitled "To the workers' daily newspaper Davar, and of Our Readers," offers a retrospective account the Am Oved and Sifriyat Poalim publishing of the Second Aliyah: houses. In her authoritative study, Berl: The Biography Thisaliyah of workers, which blazed the way of a Socialist Zionist, the Israeli historian Anita to the Land of Israel, constituted a radical Shapira aptly describes Katznelson in his rebellion, silent yet unswerving, against prime as the "concertmaster" of the Zionist the Jewish condition, as well as against the movement in Eretz Israel. Like the orchestra's mindset prevalent in the Jewish world . first player among peers, Berl was the member and in light of the great socialist successes of to whom everyone looked for inspiration, our time, in light of the grand revolutionary including the imperious David Ben-Gurion, idea of the workers' movement worldwide, who became Israel's first prime minister. Berl the young movement in Israel was forged never stepped up to the conductor's podium, and paved its own way . earning admiration and loyalty but never One desire, continued Berl, animates the achieving real power. movement: HAVRUTA | 69 But Berl's path was strewn with objections and disagreements, from friends and colleagues, foes and adversaries alike. The most corrosive disputes erupted amid the endless power struggles within the Labor movement and its various factions. It must be remembered that in the absence of a controlling authority, the opinions of Jewish leaders in Palestine and of officials in the world Zionist movement often carried equal weight in matters of policy.
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