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EDITORIAL COUNCIL 1505 Race Street John P. Clelland John Patton Galbraith Edwin H. Rian Thomas R. Birch Phllaclelphia 2, Pa.' Leslie W. Sloat Ned B. Stonehouse Managing Editor The Banner of Westminster Seminary In Substance the Text of an Address Delivered at the Alumni Banquet Held on the Occasion of Westminster's Fifteenth Annual Commencement By the, REV. JOHN MURRAY Professor of Systematic: Theoloc)Y In Westminster TheoloC)lc:al Seminary

N THE cover of the official magazine of the cessity of belief in the virgin birth of our Lord, His O church in which I was reared in Scotland, there substitutionary atonement, His bodily resurrection and was always quoted the text from Psalm 60, "Thou hast the supernatural character of His miracles for the given a' banner to them that fear, thee, that it may be ordination and good standing of ministers in the Pres­ displayed because of the truth". byterian Church in the U.S.A. This fact, together with We are meeting tonight on the occasion of the'fif­ the fact that not one of these signers had ever been teenth annual ,commencement of Westminster Theo­ disciplined for such avowal, shows the lamentable de­ logicalSeminary. It may well be said in connection with cline from the true faith in the denomination con­ Westminster Seminary, "Thou hast given a banner to cerned. them that fear thee, that it may be displayed because It was not merely in the Presbyterian Church in the of the truth". U.S.A. that such decline had been taking place. In the Westminster Seminary was founded in 1929. The year 1925 the United Presbyterian Church of North half decade in which that year falls was a critical one America completed its adoption of what is known as in the history of Presbyterian churches in the North the Confessional Statement. That Statement shows American continent and elsewhere. The Seminary came that the United Presbyterian Church had decisively into existence as a result of the crisis that overtook the departed from its historic creedal position, had adopted Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. in 1929, namely, the a position whereby the gateway was opened to doctrinal reorganization of Princeton Theological Seminary by laxity and that such laxity was officially protected by action of the general assembly of that yey:. That action the provision that forbearance in love' was to be exer­ was, however, but the registering of the tragic state of cised toward any brethren who might not be able fully affairs that existed in the Presbyterian Church in the to subscribe to the Standards of the church; U.S.A. In 1924this state of affairs was signalized by the In that same year, 1925, a great spiritual calamity signing of what is known as the Auburn Affirmation in occurred in the church history of Canada. It was in that which 1293 ministers of that denomination attached year that the union of the Methodist, Congregati0Ilal their signatures to a document that denied outright the and Presbyterian churches was consummated. By this doctrine of Biblical inerrancy and alsodenied the ne- union a large proportion of the Presbyterian Church in 198 THE ,p RES 8 Y T ER I A N G U AR DIAN July 10

Canada abandoned the historic Pres­ whole counsel of God when concrete since. In view of the widespread de­ byterian witness and entered into.a events had made it more than appar­ fection both of churches and theologi­ communion that had as its basis a ent that Reformed churches through­ cal schools throughout the world, confession acceptable to the over­ out the.world had laid in the dust young men looking towards the gospel j whelming majority of Methodists and that same banner, defaced, soiled and ministry and seeking the training that Congregationalists in that Dominion. tattered. When the enemy came in would fit them for servicein their own I At the outset I made reference to like a flood, God in His abundant denominations found in Westminster a detail that concerned Scotland. In mercy and sovereign providence raised Seminary the kind of institution that I 1929 there took place in that country up a standard against him. ' met this need. We must' recognise j the union of the Church of Scotland It is true, of course, that West­ what is a fact of God's providence, • 1 and the United Free Church of Scot­ minster Seminary came into existence that God raised Westminster Sem­ land. As things had come to be in upon the occasion and particularly for inary to train men for 'the great work these two churches by 1929, I do not the reason of widespread defection in and battle of the faith in a great va­ suppose that any great doctrinal issue the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., riety of denominations. was at stake in this union. But the and its more immediate purpose was For what does Westminster Sem­ union of 1929 showed' the extent to to provide training for the-future min­ inary stand? It stands for the whole which declension had taken place in isters of that denomination. But two counsel of God, for unswerving fidel­ both of these churches in the preced­ facts must not be forgotten. ity to that permanent and unchanging ing years. These two churches, com­ The first is that Princeton Semi­ deposit of truth embodied in the. prising the large majority of nominal nary, the downfall of which was the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa­ Presbyterians in Scotland, could in reason for the founding of Westmin­ ments and for the consistent applica­ 1929 unite on a basis that involved ster' had been' during its history a tion of that truth to the whole of life. for ministers no more stringent a con­ nursery for the training. of ministers It exists to maintain this truth, to set fession than to believe in one God­ of many denominations. Princeton forth the grounds of belief in it as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; to be­ opened its doors to students of vari­ Word of God, the only infallible rule lieve the Word of God, which is con­ ous churches and for this reason the .of faith and practice, to defend this tained in the Scriptures of the Old contribution that Princeton Seminary truth and to be the instrument of and New Testaments, to be the su­ . made to catholic Christianity was in­ blazing forth that truth to the whole preme rule of faith and life; and to calculable.Westminster Seminary was world. It stands, as Dr. John Duncan believe the fundamental doctrines of not to be any less hospitable. And the was wont to say in other connections, the Christian faith contained in the history of fifteen years has demon­ for the truth that is according to god­ Westminster Confession of Faith. strated both its appeal and its gen­ liness and for the godliness that is The fundamental doctrines of the erosity in this regard. according to truth. Christian faith remain undefined and The second fact is the general eccle­ We who are closely associated with what the import of subscription to the siasticalsituation at the time West­ Westminster Seminary have to con­ Confession means is not in the least minster opened its doors and ever fess that we have come far short of clarified by the opaque statement that our profession and aim. Indeed, when the united church "holds as its sub­ we think of our own sins and short­ ordinate standard the Westminster TABLE OF CONTENTS comings, we are amazed that God in Confession of Faith, recognising lib­ July 10. 1944 His displeasure has not wrenched this erty of opinion on such points of doc­ banner out of our hands and given it . trine as do not enter into the sub­ The Bilnner of Westminster Seminary.. , 197 to others more worthy than we. We stance of the Faith". This union John Murray marvel that God has not removed His brought into clear focus the abandon­ Flames Worth Fanning {Part I) !99 candlestick out of our midst. ment of the historic Reformed and Geoffrey Williams But surely the facts show that He even evangelical confession. Nine Books by Dr. Warfield 200 has not done so. In His abundant These are simply a few of the facts mercy He has borne with our sins and The Judge's Request 201 which evince that the founding of G:,eorge W. Marston faults..I don't think it is presumption Westminster Seminary in 1929 was to say, and to say it to God's praise, no mere coincidence. The Seminary Re-Thinking the Chaplaincy..... '" ... 202 that the banner has not' been folded Edw~rds came into being 'at a time when the E. Elliott up and laid in the dust. We have not very things for which it was estab­ Today in the Religious World 204 raised it aloft as we should have done, lished and· to which it stands com­ Thomas R. Birch we have not unfurled it as we should. mitted, the very things for which it Editorial 205 But it has not been lowered or furled. raised and unfurled a banner; were God has brought Westminster to The Family Pew 206 being repudiated by large sections of Mrs. Arthur Armour the kingdom for such a time as this. the Reformed churches in North May I plead that by our prayers, by America and in Europe. It would be The-Parable of the Leaven " 207 our labors, by .our support and by our more accurate to say that Westminster Lawrence B. Gilmore promotion we may stand in the place Seminary raised a banner for the From the Editors' Mailbag " 210. (Continued on Page 209)

Th. Prubyt.rlan Guardian '" published lemi.menthl~ from September to july. Inclull... and monthlY In Auga" .., Th. PrtlllYterlan Guardian Pulllloblni ew...... tlen. 728 Sehaff Hulldlrtl. 1505 Race Street. Philadelphia, Pa,. at the folloWlngrates. payable In adVance. tor either old or neW lubscrlbers In any part ot the world. POllUe prep&ld: $2.00 per year; $1.00 tor flve months; flve or more copt.. either to separate ad_ or In a paekalIo to one addr.... $1.25 each por year; Introductory n.te tor "ew sublCrlb01'llonly. three monthe for 250; lOe per lingle copy. Entered ,oJ s8COll

·FlamesWorth Fanning A MonoCJraph on a Great Revival: PART ONE By GEOFFREY WILLIAMS • Librarian of the Evangelical Library. London. England

.OOK, a fire! What man, woman or mother showed little evidence of be­ ing a gracious woman, but she was a .. child has not felt the thrill which Introduction these three simple words excite when tender mother and she had a premoni­ spoken in tones ringing with earnest­ by the Author tion that George would be a great and ness and sincerity? What words will F IN this little treatise. the style and unusual character-a .power for good. more readily awaken from sleep, set I method of expression, coming as "utter· Satan also knew this and he led the ances of the heart", are perhaps suited more poor lad captive until a mightier than the senses in motion and arouse the to the home and the highway (to which activities of the mind? If this be true the treatise is especially addressed), it is he said, "Loose him and let him go". respecting an earthly fire blazing forth nevertheless hoped that none will disdain Whitefield himself says he "was brut­ against the murky background of a the cry of a simple night-watchman because ish; hated instruction; had an impu­ his langllage is not clothed in the dress of dismal night, what shall we say regard­ a particular. standard of scholarly dignity. dent temper; was much addicted to ing a fire every flame of which is of The aim of the author has been to por­ lying; filthy talking; cursing; swearing; celestial birth and whose centre is the tray. within brief limits, a picture of the thieving; Sabbath breaking and acts of heart of God? Would you lift your power of revival in the lives of people and uncleanness". He loved cards, plays of nations. The limits of space ·forbid more eyes from the dullness of surrounding than passing refer"nce to great men and and romances. These, he says, "were death and see such a fire? Then take movements that marched side by side, but instances of sins mote in' number my hand and let me conduct you step though not always in step, with the Central than the hairs on my head; my heart by step, for I am sensible of a com­ subjec;ts which it has here been sought to would fail me at the remembrance of depict in definite and decisive outline. pelling urge, a spiritual irresistible He therefore rejoices to know that the them was I not assured that my Re­ guidance which will brook no delay, ground on which he has not set foot has deemer liveth to make intercession for and which bids me depict, in a few been covered again and again by far more me". There was, however, a new prin­ short pages, a stirring story that lies able authors. To the English public at least, ciple implanted in young George's some of the men and scenes here brought buried in a bundle of books. out in bold relief ere ell too little known, soul in early life. "I can recollect", he The background is one of dread end as they tend to radiate the love of says, "very early moving of the blessed and dismal wastes against which we Christ to lost sinners, and to shed a reveal. Spirit upon my heart". see suddenly appearing, on thedark ing light on the pOS5ibilities of revival in He was now but a boy of ten years days of darkness. desolation end destruction, mountains around, fiery beacons':"­ it is hoped that God. whohes all events at of age and the two powers within him compared with which the brightest His commend, will own end bless this little strove for the mastery. His love for made by man are but dim candles. ettempt to sound a timely warning and plays and other vanities persisted un­ point out a way of escepe. THE BIRTH OF THE GREAT til, as a lad of twelve, God chastised AWAKENING him in love and began to weary him (Whitefie1d-Cennick~Danie1Rowland­ of evil and wean him from his sins HoweI Harris-William Wi11iams) In 1735, when sin and Satan had of which he says, "Their dismal effects reduced Great Britain to a state "with­ I have felt and groaned under ever Viewing the dawn in the gloom of out form and void" spiritually con­ since". night, sidered, God the Spirit "arrested" the The rest of his "teens" were spent They travelled to and frol above five men-s-twq in England and in sinning and striving against sin, Sowing the deathless seed of light, three in Wales-and thrust them but in 173'- (when by the charity of Two hundred years ago. \ forth to "stay the plague" and lift friends and relatives he entered Pem­ They were toilers who knew no rest, up the dear Redeemer as the only broke College, Oxford) he had re­ For their hearts were all aglow; Refuge to which sin-bitten mortals ceived from God gracious courage to Zeal like a furnace fired their breasts, might "look and live". suffer reproach for Christ's sake rather Two hundred years ago. Whitefield was but a youth of than join in the then prevalent evils twenty-one when, in the Spring of of college life. Indeed, he suffered From village to village the tidings 1735, Jesus was revealed to him as his physical agony throughiritense cold spread, personal Saviour. rather than be found in such com­ When the seed began to grow: Like Jesus, whose Name and King­ pany. He sought Christ, but it was "Tis but a weed!" professors said, dom he was used so mightily to by the deeds of the law, beyond which Two hundred years ago. spread, Whitefield was born in an inn he could not get. He envied a few -a tavern in Gloucester called the zealous young scholars who met to­ But in after days, with ripening grain, "Bell"-and this fact was, he says, a gether for worship and mutual edi- The corn-ears bended low: comfort to him in after life. (White­ fication. . And we. reap with joy, what they field, of course, means both were rborn They first met in 1729 and were sowed in pain, within the precincts of an inn, since dubbed "The Holy Club". Amongst Two hundred years ago. Jesus was denied the comforts of the them were. champions of reformation -MARGAM JONES inn itself at His birth.) Whitefield's and revival in their spiritual infancy. 200 THE P RES BY T ER I A N GUARDIAN July 10

There was Charles Wesley, who wrote over six thousand hymns, the best Nine Books by Dr. Warfield known being "Jesus, Lover of my. Soul". He delighted in little children's An UnusuaJ Opportunity for Readers hymns and in this direction the man­ tle of Watts fell 'upon him. He was of THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN ordained just over two hundred years ago-in 1735. There was his brother HE writings of the late Dr. Ben­ CALVIN AND CALVINISM, 434 pages, John, and as the biographies of him Tjamin Breckinridge Warfield, for list price, $3.00. are legion, readers will be familiar nearly a third of a century the cele­ TERTULLIAN AND AUGUSTINE, 412 with his great career, and how he co­ brated Professor of Didactic and pages, list price $3.00. operated with "The Holy Club". Polemic Theology in Princeton Theo­ CRITICAL REVIEWS, 487 pages, list Then James Hervey, the gracious min­ logical Seminary, are among the in­ price $3.00. ister, and well-known author, and dispensable classics of theological literature. No Calvinistic library, PERFECTIONISM, Volume 1, 399 John Gambold, the young Welshman pages, list price $3.00. from Haverfordwest, who became a whether of minister or layman, ap­ Moravian Bishop, were there. Even proaches completion if the works of PERFECTIONISM, Volume 2, 61l William Romaine was at Oxford, Warfield are missing. pages, list price $3.50' though JIe did not join "The Holy Therefore it is with the greatest of We have not yet purchased all of Club". Whitefield's first personal pleasure that THE PRESBYTERIAN the available copies of all of these nine touch with them was brought about GUARDIAN announces to its readers an books. However, in addition to the by the strangest of means-what men opportunity that should be promptly copies now on hand, we have been would call a coincidence. He inter­ seized by every serious Bible student, promised by the publisher the first op­ ested himself in the tragedies and an opportunity that may never again portunity to purchase the remaining distress of the slums and heard of a be available. copies. If the demand from our sub­ sad event-a woman had attempted Nine volumes of the theological scribers warrants it, we shall promptly to cut her throat. In this connection works of Dr. Warfield originally pub­ negotiate for further copies; if not, the the help of a man of grace and wis­ lished by the Oxford University Press publisher will withdraw his generous dom was needed, and his thoughts are still in print. During recent years offer to us and seek to dispose of the flew to Charles Wesley of whose acts these copies have not moved rapidly books through other channels. of compassion he was aware, but from the publisher's stockrooms, and Two of the books in the above list whom he had never met. He sent a about twelve hundred volumes are (Christology and Criticism and Bibli­ poor apple woman and charged her still available. The retail list prices of cal Doctrines) have not yet been re­ not to tell who had sent her, but she these books range from three to four ceived, but are definitely promised by could not keep her secret. Young dollars. By special arrangement with the publisher and should arrive before Charles Wesley immediately sent for the publisher, however, THE PRESBY­ this issue of the GUARDIAN is mailed. t,j TERIAN GUARDIAN is now able to offer 1 j George Whitefield and thus they first Only a comparatively small number of .' carne together and joined forces in to its readers their choice of any or the other titles are now in our stock, • "The Holy Club". all of the nine books at the amazing but more will be ordered promptly if The influence on Whitefield (al­ price of only $1.50 each, postpaid in the demand justifies it. In order to though well-meaning and sincere the United States. avoid delay or possible disappoint­ \ \ enough) was to set him, with renewed We doubt that we shall ever be ment, we ask that readers send us energy, seeking salvation by the works able to make such an offer again. The their orders immediately. Books may of the law. He tugged and toiled and price of $1.50 per volume represents also be reserved now for delivery at a endured the tortures of self-imposed a saving that ranges from fifty to later date and, unless such a reserva­ mortification until he found Cennick's sixty-two and a half per cent. of the tion is sent, the GUARDIAN cannot experience his own, for retail list price. All nine books, if pur­ guarantee to fill late orders. Also, in "The more he fought against- sin's chased elsewhere, would cost $29·50; view of thesmall margin of profit to power, if purchased through THE PRESBY­ the GUARDIAN and the tremendous He sinned and stumbled but the TERIAN GUARDIAN, they would cost amount of work involved in mailing, more". only $13.50' it is requested that remittances ac­ Then in 1735 he fell helpless at Here are the titles of the nine War­ company all orders. Remittances, how­ Christ's feet and entered into the field books offered at this unusual re­ ever, need not accompany reservations spirit of the last two lines of Cen­ duction, together with the number of for later delivery. nick's verse: pages, and the retail list price: For your convenience inordering, a "Till late I heard my Saviour say, STUDIES IN THEOLOGY, 671 pages, coupon will be found on page 2 I 2 of Corne hither, soul, I am the way". list price $4.00. this issue. To be sure of your copies, Now Whitefield commenced to we urge you to send your order or BIBLICAL DOCTRINES, 664 pages, point his fellow sinners to the redeem­ reservation (or both) immediately, ing blood and say, "Behold the way list price $4.00. together with your remittance at $1.50 to God". He left Oxford for Glouces­ CHRISTOLOGY AND CRITICISM, 464 per volume, to THE PRESBYTERIAN ter and from there he commenced his pages, list price $3.00. GUARDIAN, 1505 Race Street, Phila­ first efforts as an itinerating evangelist. THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY AND delphia 2, Pa. To avoid disappoint­ (To be continued) ITS WORK, 400 pages, list price $3.00. ment, make out your list today. ~f,~';'* -,<:' i J . 1944 THE ,p RES BYTERIANGUARDIAN 201

mansions and to crowns. The Judgels Request In the third place, Christ through the Holy Spirit changes the natures of By the REV. GEORGE w. MARSTON His people. Man came from the hand Field Missionary of The Ortflodox Presbyterian Church of his Maker perfect in soul and body, but he wasruined by the fall. His body CULT URED old southern judge which we need to be saved. Because became subject to .suffering, sickness A lay dying. A bishop sat by his we cannot deliver ourselves from the and death. His mental and moral fac­ bedside, talking in a very learned way consequences of our sins, we need to ulties were impaired. His spiritual na­ on vital themes. After some time the be saved. We must look to God for ture was totally ruined. He utterly dying man politely interrupted him salvation. We must accept the deliver­ lost true knowledge, righteousness and saying, "Pardon me but you know I'm ancewhich He has provided through holiness. In respect to spiritual mat­ facing the real things. Won't you talk His Son the Lord Jesus Christ. ters, his eyes are blind, his ears are to me like you'd talk to my black boy The second fact indicated by the deaf and his heart is of stone. By na­ Jim?" judge's request is that he was unac­ ture He is a rebel against God, as . Many men are like this judge-re­ quainted with the work of salvation prone to sin as are sparks to fly upward. spectable, cultured, educated, and which Christ accomplished and se­ As we are told in Romans 8:7, "The prominent, but unprepared for death cured for His people. Are you ac­ carnal mind is enmity against God: for and unacquainted with the most ele­ quainted with this great work? Let us it is not subject to the law of God, mentary truths concerning salvation. consider three aspects of it. neither indeed can be". Notice please three things which are In the first place, the Lord Jesus Our ascended Lord, however, indicated by the judge's request. In Christ has satisfied certain obligations through the work of the Holy Spirit the first place, this request indicated of the law of God which are essential utterly. and gloriously transforms the that he recognized his need of salva­ to men's salvation. God requires two natures of His people. This work tion. Have you recognized that you things of those who would be saved. the Holy Spirit does in four steps. need to be saved? Perhaps someone His law must be kept perfectly and By that act which we call the "re­ would ask at this point, "What do the penalty for their law-breaking must birth", He implants spiritual life you mean by being saved?" I would be paid: These requirements no man in their hearts. Then, after their reply, "To be saved is to be delivered can meet, .but the Saviour has met conversion, as they make diligent use from the consequences of sin". them for His people. During His life of the Word, the sacraments and , We need to be saved for two rea­ He kept the law perfectly for them, prayer, and as they strive by the sons. In the first place, we are sinners. and by His death He fully paid the grace of God to overcome sin, He As we are told in Romans F~ 3, "All penalty for their law-breaking. progressively purifies 'and changes have sinned and come short of the When one receives the Lord Jesus them in heart, character and conduct. glory of God". The word "sin" means Christ as His own personal Saviour, At death the souls of believers are to miss the mark. The mark is the law this work of Christ is reckoned to his made perfect in holiness and im­ of God. The sovereign of the universe account. Christ's payment of the pen­ mediately pass into heaven. And on requires His creatures to keep His laws alty for breaking God's law is reckoned the resurrection morn the work of perfectly. This we fail to do. We leave to his account. Therefore the Father salvation shall be brought to its glori­ undone things required of us by God's forgives his sins for Christ's sake. The ous consummation. On that great day law. This is sin. We do things forbid­ Saviour's perfect righteousness, our the bodies of believers shall be raised den by the law of God. This also is Lord's perfect keeping of the law, is in a state of perfection and reunited sin. We sin daily in thought as well also reckoned to his account. There­ to their souls' which were made per­ as in word and deed. fore the Father accepts him as right- fect at death. Then shall Cod'speo­ Because we have sinned, God who eous in His sight. ' ple stand before their creator-redeemer 1. is just demands that the penalty for In the second place, Christ merited perfect in soul and body, their natures our sins be paid. As we are told in for His people eternal sonship. The gloriously and completely transformed. Romans 6:23, "the wages of sin is unsaved are God's creatures but not The last fact indicated by the death". The word death here refers His children. Their relationship to judge's request is that he did not primarily not to physical death, al­ God is described in Holy Scripture know the way of salvation. Do you? though that is included in its meaning, by the terms "aliens" and "strangers." By the way of salvation we mean but to spiritual death. To be spiritually Because of the fall, men ceased to be the terms upon which God offers dead is to be cut off from God, under God's children. Because of sin, the un­ Christ's work of salvation to His peo­ His wrath and curse, liable to all the saved are at enmity with the holy ple. It is evident from Acts 20:21 miseries of this life, to death itself and God. that these terms are "repentance to­ to the pains of hell forever. This is By His death upon the cross, how­ ward God and faith toward our Lord the penalty which our sins have mer­ ever, the Saviour purchased for His Jesus'Christ". ited. These are the consequences from people eternal sonship. Thereby He The first thing required of those which we need to be delivered. settled their sin accounts and removed who would embrace this salvation is \. Secondly, we need to be saved be­ the cause of God's enmity towards "repentance toward God". To repent cause we cannot save ourselves. God in them. Thus He made it possible for is to be sorry for our sins and to turn justice demands that the penalty for a holy God to make believers His from them' with hatred and loathing. Our sins be paid, but we cannot save children, heirs, joint-heirs with Jesus The motive for this turning from sin ourselves by this penalty for the pen­ Christ, heirs to all spiritaal blessings must be not a mere fear of the physi­ alty is the very consequence from in Christ Jesus, heirs to thrones, to calor social consequences of sin, but "''':i·:'',~;~'''f:'''''''f1'';~'f''.'F'''~~''7,~»~~,~~U·

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202 THE .p RES BY TERIANGUARD I AN July 10 a sorrowful realization of the fact that in sinning we have displeased and Re-Thinking the Chaplaincy grieved God by our breaking of His By the REV. EDWARDS E ELLIOTT commandments. To repent is to turn to God, confessing our sins, asking His Of St. Andrew's Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Md. forgiveness and accepting His remedy HIS war has provided a glorious instituted a permanent V-12 program for our condition. Topportunity for many Christian for the training of officers. This pro­ , Repentance alone wiII not save any ministers. The armed forces have wel­ gram includes' the supervision of the man, but none can be saved without comed the servicesof young clergymen training of chaplains. Seminary stu­ it. To pardon an unrepentant sinner who will live the life of the fighting dents will wear uniforms and be paid would be to condone his sin. This a man, who wiII sympathize with those by the government. Seminary courses holy God could not do. undergoing hardship, conduct divine must be shortened from three years to The second thing required of those worship, assist in the burial of the two, and the cooperating seminaries. who would be saved is "faith toward dead, and give the men a basically must offer three terms a year, with no our Lord Jesus Christ", To have such religious outlook. There is also the summer vacation for practice preach­ a faith, one must not only believe the assurance from many veteran chaplains ing. This "aid" is in an area which facts about Christ and His atoning that no attempt is ever made to tell a up to now has been the church's own work, but he must also put his trust man what his message shall be. A business-a-the education of its clergy. in Christ and His atoning work to Already there are hints of deeper save him. minister who has not found his church Let me illustrate. I might look at life an easy one, due to conflicts with control than mere "aid". A young man a rope and say, "I believe that this his boards over doctrine and policy, who began the year at a cooperating rope is capable of supporting any­ may well look to the chaplaincy as a seminary 'was quietly dropped with no body", but that would not be exer­ career which promises less interference explanation by the Navy. This young cising faith in the rope. If, however, and more opportunity for reaching lost man by coincidence had become I grasp the rope and swing out over men, men who have become perhaps known as a Fundamentalist. Another a chasm five hundred feet deep, trust­ more conditioned to receive the mes­ young man, fresh from seminary, was ing my life to the rope, that would sage of eternal life than any others in asked to give a sample sermon on the Act~ indeed mean that I had faith in the the world today. The advantages are assigned text, 4: 12, "Neither is rope. Even so, to have faith in the plainly tremendous, and the field there salvation in ~ny other ...". The Lord Jesus Christ one must not only seems white unto the harvest. Why text is negative, and so was his ser­ believe the facts about His atoning then should we hesitate? Should not mon, and the latter so displeased the work, He must also put his trust in every presbytery endorse all applicants Navy board that he was given six that atoning work to savehim. for the chaplaincy? months to cool his heels and think it But look again at those shoulder­ over. Then without further question, ,oJ• It is evident from the judge's re­ '. , quest that he had never received the bars. Does it begin to appear that a the board accepted him. The religion Lord Jesus Christ as his own personal price tag is attached to them? It may which Uncle Sam wants preached in Saviour. Have you? be small and inconspicuous, but there the armed forces probably allows but In John 1:12 we read, "But to as it is: PATERNALISM. This perhaps was is not identical with the preaching of ! many as received him to them gave he not as apparent in other wars, for the the, cross. .. power to become the sons of God, New Deal type of paternalism had not The strange sight of a Roman even to them that believe on his' put forth its leaves. But the Great Catholic chaplain conducting Prates­ name". To receive Christ as your own White Father is concerned that the tant services, a Protestant chaplain personal Saviour is to put your trust in , soldiers be religious. Cradle-to-grave conducting Jewish services, or a Jewish Him to save you. security must never ignore .religion. chaplain conducting both Romish and If, by the grace of God, you rec­ The function of a truly Christian . Protestant services, is not only pro­ ognize your need of salvation and de­ chaplain may fully satisfy the Army vided for in the ruIes, but is fre­ sire the salvation which Christ has and Navy, but the fact remains that, quently seen. This is a sober attempt provided, then repent of your sins and while the circles overlap, they do not at conducting a service of a rival faith, receive Christ as your Saviour. Speak center in the same point. Our idea of with no accompanying attempt to to the Lord Jesus in prayer: "Lord a chaplain's duties is not precisely the gain converts. A chaplain must be Jesus, I know that I am a sinner and government's idea. willing to conduct such a "general I am sorry for my sins. I know that I Paternalism inevitably breeds con­ service", reading from a book to fill cannot save myself but I believe that trol. Knowing this, senior chaplains the air with neutral though perhaps Thou didst die to save me. I now re­ have bent over backward to avoid any Biblical words. It.cannot be called ceive Thee as my own personal Sa­ semblance of control. But control is worship. viour. I am trusting in Thine atoning coming, and is partially here. In spite The War Department recently is­ work to settle my sin account and to of the provision of our constitution sued a transcript of a press conference make me a child of God". that a large peacetime army is not the with Major John S. Garrenton, staff Claim the promise of Acts 16: 31, best thing for the people, it is evident chaplain of the U.S. Army Trans­ "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and that we must have a large army to port command (China-Burma-India thou shalt be saved". Rest upon this control the peace. Every boy will have Wing). He was asked, "If a big por­ promise and go on your way rejoicing training for war. The Navy, with its tion of our boys come back from over­ because the salvation which Christ has eye on the peacetime force which seas without denominational affilia. wrought is now yours. must man the huge fleet of ships, has tion, won't that tend to breakdown ~;!4§lr·l)t""~h';"~"?~~t~~~~.ff"""'.~~~.?"'~"·-<

I'

1944 THE ,PRESBYT'ERIAN GUARDIAN 203

barriers of denomination at home?" year in college. A man at the age of thou shalt teach them diligently unto He answered, "I hope it will tend to 'eighteen is not usually ready to decide, thy children, and shalt talk of them unify the Christian forces". The Romanists nearly always select when thou sittest in thine house, and Apparently the business of a chap­ their' prospective priests from the when thou walkest by the way, and lain is not to instruct, but to produce high-school age groups, and thus when thou liest down, and when thou a religious feeling. Denominations would have less difficulty. risest up" (Deut. 6:6, 7). cannot be represented in the army; "If the foundations be destroyed, Satan will do everything in his but the breakdown of denominational what can the righteous do?" They can power to prevent you from starting barriers will hardly make the men pray, and they can seek to educate the or continuing the family altar; I know more Christian. They might become people and the government. But we this from personal experience. It is no very religious, but still remain non­ are witnesses to a break-down of the easier for a minister than for a lay­ christian. The army likes the men to foundations of our civilization. The man to keep this sacred tryst each day. pray for personal safety. If miraculous foundations can never be laid again, as Hence, we have a real challenge. We medals can help give a "safe" feeling, Abraham Kuyper pointed out, apart know that a fierce struggle will take they too are to be encouraged. Gen­ from the proclamation of the gospel place, each member of the household eral Eisenhower, though not a Roman of. the cross. And our nation as a will want to be doing something else Catholic, wears a miraculous medal whole has no ears for this gospel. The at the particular time set aside for , with his dog-tag. So, we are told, does armed forces are no exception. family devotions, distractions from William Barrow Pugh, head of the outside will come, the telephone will Federal Council's Chaplaincy Com­ ring-but I say to you, "It is worth mission. having, and therefore it is worth striv­ Now it is always right and proper ing after", for a soldier to witness to another sol­ The Family Altar In his article, "The Christian in dier of the saving grace of the Lord His Home" (THE PRESBYTERIAN Jesus. This is done constantly, and By the REY. HENRY D. PHILLIPS GUARDIAN, Oct. 25, 1943), Dr. Robert men are being saved. It is also per­ Strong suggests various ways in which fectly in order for a civilian minister HE strong national heritage of family devotions may be conducted. to preach to the fighting men, and go T this land has its tap-root in the Let me reemphasize the point that, to along with them if the army will let consecrated Christian homes of our sustain interest, the parent should him. The difficulty with a civilian ancestors. Think not that the earnest consider beforehand and prepare as chaplaincy which is outside the con­ leaders who founded this country were carefully as possible each day'sdevo­ trol of the army is that no civilian not God-fearing men and women. tions. has access to army records and con­ How came they by these traits? The The family that conducts daily fidential reports. An officer's uniform secret lies in the homes from which periods will soon find that the Bible unlocks doors and gates which a civi­ they came. To a large extent those becomes more precious, the Lord lian could never enter. If there is to who moulded the foundations of our more personal, the church services be a ministry in Army and Navy cir­ United States were men from homes more beneficial, the home more peace­ cles,it must be done in uniform. where the Bible was prominent. The ful, and work less arduous. By God's 'There is something basically wrong sacred Book was daily read and the grace, the members of such a family with such a situation. Sphere-sov­ divine Name was invoked in earnest will find that they are becoming more ereignty of church and state has some­ prayer. We can thank these stalwart like those "real" Christians whom how broken. pioneers for the high standards which they have heretofore envied for their A state-supported ministry, with were set. piety, patience and joy. state-supported colleges and state­ But the question arises today, Will supported seminaries, seems to be our children look back to our genera­ here to stay. As time goes on, it will tion and thank God for our godly ex­ be increasingly difficult for Protestant ample and Christian precept? We seminaries to obtain students at all, might feel that we are doing our part DR. VOLBEDA CHOSEN TO unless they cooperate with the chap­ by sending them to Sunday school lain training program. The post-war and daily vacation Bible school. But HEAD CALVIN SEMINARY world will undoubtedly see perma­ are we? What can the Sunday school nent conscription of all yol,1ng men or church do in a brief hour or so R. SAMUEL VOLBEDA, Profes­ from eighteen to twenty. No defer­ during the week, if the influence of D sor of Practical Theology in Cal­ ment will be granted to prospective the home and of the public school is vin Theological Seminary, Grand Rap­ ministers unless they have fully made exerting a contrary emphasis? . ids, Mich., has been chosen by the up their minds to enter the ministry It is essential that we guarantee to board of trustees to be the new presi­ and have the backing of a denomina­ our children a Christian home. Is it dent of the institution. Dr. Volbeda tion. If there is any hitch in the pro­ possible to designate a home that will succeed Professor Louis Berkhof, gram, such as a change of denomina­ lacks a family altar a Christian home? who retires this year from Calvin's tional affiliation during the college Should we expect to find anything faculty after serving ably and honora­ years, the deferment may well be in less in the Christian home than was bly for many years. Professor Berkhof ' jeopardy. But it often is true that Prot­ to be observed in.the homes of Israel? has been Professor of Dogmatics, and estant candidates do not even decide "These words which I command thee this chair will next fall be assumed by to .enter the ministry until their junior this day, shall be in thine heart: and Dr. William H. Rutgers. 204 THE ·PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN July 10

Today in the Religious World "'This business of flying', said Lt. Jay Marlowe of Lexington, Ky., 'will By THOMAS R. BIRCH make a Christian of you just about as fast as anything can'. "Talking to men of another craft.. General Assemblies "chaplains serving under it be pro­ correspondents found that seven of H IS year's assembly of the Presby­ tected from orders of their command­ the crew of ten were carrying St. Tterian Church in the U.S.A. was ing officers to do things that are in Ch~istopher medals given them by ?utsta~dingl~ uninteresting. Meeting violation of their consciences as Chris­ their mothers. Two of the fliers said In Chicago, It elected Dr. Roy Ewing tian ministers". Chaplain Frederick they always carried a pocket edition of Vale of Indianapolis as its moderator, Volbeda of Washington; speaking to the New Testament. . after receiving the sacrament of the this overture, asserted that some naval "Although most of the men ad­ Lord's Supper at the hands of arch­ officers are forbidding chaplains to mitted that flying made them believe modernist Dr. Henry Sloane Coffin, preach "repentance and danger of more in God, they indicated that last year's Auburn Affirmationist mod­ hell", and that his own commanding among themselves they rarely talk erator. Dr. Vale, himself not a signer officer once told him he would "have about religion, but keep it in reserve of the Affirmation, defeated Affirma­ no hell fire preaching" aboard the ship for moments of stress". tionists Robert B. Whyte of Cleveland he commanded. and George Emerson Barnes of Phila­ The general assembly of the United The Folly of Cooperation delphia. Much of the assembly's time, Presbyterian Church, whose moderator In downtown Baltimore the Pres­ as in recent years, was consumed with was Dr. James Harper Grier of Mon­ byterian Hospitality House for service­ lofty and relatively inconsequential mouth, Ill., authorized its church re­ men is operated jointly by members discussion of social problems and post­ lations committee to seek negotiations and churches of the Presbyterian war planning. Breaking the monotony with three other Presbyterian bodies, Church in the U.S.A., the Presby­ was a declaration that membership of looking toward union WIth anyone or terian Church in the U.S" and the the denomination in the Federal all of them. The action was taken United Presbyterian Church. The Council "must be contingent upon its without a dissenting vote, to the sur­ Rev. Edwards E. Elliott, Orthodox maintaining its evangelical position". prise of even the most ardent propo­ Presbyterian minister of that city, was Asked to explain the circumstances nent of union. The other denomina­ invited by a minister of the Southern prompting. the resolution, Dr. Ralph tional bodies who are being wooed by Church to feel free to witness to the W. Lloyd, chairman of the Depart­ the United Presbyterians are: The As­ servicemen who visited the Hospitality ment on Church Cooperation and sociate Reformed Presbyterian Church, House. Accordingly Mr. Elliott, on a Union, stated darkly that certain the Presbyterian Church in the U.S., recent Saturday evening, was there bodies not subscribing to the "evan­ and the Reformed Church in America. engaged in showing a soldier the way gelical" .position of the Presbyterian of salvation. He had finished discussing Church in the U.S.A. and the "evan­ Is This Religion? Romans 3:23 when the assistant gelical" position of the Federal . The current tidal wave of stories pastor of Brown Memorial Presby­ Council were now seeking member­ about the return to "religion" among terian Church (USA) called Mr. ship in the Council. He·added, ap­ soldiers and' sailors in the war zones Elliott aside and informed him curtly parently in all seriousness, that it was has little in it to encourage Christians that it was contrary to the house rules desirable to announce at this time who long for a revival of true Chris­ to preach to the. men, and that he that the adherence of the Presbyterian tianity. Religious News Service has wanted no reflection of what Mr. Church in the U.S.A. to the Federal released a wireless report from an Elliott was doing to be cast on Brown Council was dependent upon the American Air Base in Russia which Memorial Church, which was the host latter's maintaining its historic evan­ naively demonstrates how totally lack­ church that week. Informed of the gelical position. ing in the elements of the Christian incident, conservative Baltimore Pres­ The general assembly of the Pres­ gospel is the present popular concept byterian pastors were up in arms, de­ byterian Church in the U.S., meet­ of "religion". Says the report, "Back clared that no such rule existed, and ing at Montreat, N. C., elected as from the first U.S. air attack on roundly . denounced the action of moderator Dr. Charles L. King of enemy objectives in Rumania launched Brown Memorial's assistant pastor. A Houston, Texas. The assembly over­ from Soviet soil, American bomber similar issue has already resulted in whelmingly defeated all overtures de­ crews here have a first-hand impression one resignation from the board of manding withdrawal from the Federal of what religion means to fighting the hospitality centre. Council but recommended that after airmen. In this instance Mr. Elliott was not the war the matter be submitted to "'You know', said 24-year-old Lt. cooperating with Modernists in an the presbyteries for advice. The as­ Meyer Trachtenberg of New York evangelistic effort, but merely attempt­ sembly voted to continue to consider City, veteran of thirty-six missions, ing to do personal work within a union with the Presbyterian Church 'you sure get to believe in God on project maintained by an assortment in the U.S.A., and adopted resolutions these trips'. of evangelicals and Modernists. The seeking union with the Associate Re­ "'You can do more praying in five practical impossibility of carrying out formed Presbyterian Church and the minutes of a bomb run than in the even such a limited function as he United Presbyterian Church. Also be­ rest of your lifetime', explained Staff attempted should prove the folly of fore the assembly was an overture Sergeant Jesse Wade of Morgantown, trying to cooperate with Modernists in asking the Navy Department that Va. any religious exercise. 1944 THE ,p RES BY T ER I A N G U"A RDIAN 205

battle, as the "heroic servants" of Exactly how much vogue it has gained God, might be embraced by God and is difficult to gauge. In view of its con­ received into His kingdom. There was spicuous defects, we supposed that no sign of an awareness of the abyss few students of the Bible would take between God and men effected by it seriously. A few years ago, however, sin, and consequently no serious self­ we were amazed to discover that many humiliation, no grief for sin, no con­ evangelical Christians, including even trition. And as a consequence the ut­ numerous persons supposedly well­ terance of the president sounded more grounded in Christian doctrine, were EDITORIAL like an appeal to men to maintain being taken in by a sensational popu­ high morale in an hour of crisis than larization of this method which was a drawing near to the 'throne of grace being circulated from Los Angeles. to obtain mercy and find grace to help The title of this booklet, Astonishing The President"s Prayer in time of need. New Discoveries: Thousands of Arnaz­ HE prayer of President Roosevelt If the president were not a pro­ ingFacts Discovered Beneath the Ton D-Day stirs up mingled feel­ fessing Christian,this lament would Very Surface of the Bible Text, isin­ ings. How grateful we may be that he be of a different character. But every­ dicative of the claims made for this has called upon the people of the one knows of his profession of Chris­ approach. Some fine Christians were land to be constantly in prayer for tianity. Hence his utterance represents inclined to think that at worst it could the indispensable blessing of almighty one more evidence of the tragic im­ do no harm, and reported notable God! The conduct of government in pact of Modernism upon our life conversions to Christianity through its general .and of war in particular has today. Modernism characteristically is instrumentality. not been distinguished for a ready a least common denominator religion, We cannot acquiesce in any such acknowledgment of dependence upon a religion at peace with nearly aU easygoing attitude towards this view­ the favor of God. Although we have other manifestations of religion, a point. Just any defense of the Bible been preserved from a blatant defiance religion lacking all of the radical in­ is not good enough. A defense of the of God in high places, yet there has tolerance of historic Christianity. The Bible, to be acceptable, must deal been altogether too much pride, smug prayer clearly follows this pattern. honestly with the facts. And that self-righteousness, disregard of divine Let no one say in defense of the clearly includes being true to the Bible ordinances, and other evils in places prayer that it had to take this vague itself. It is not sufficient to be against of authority to allow for equanimity. form if the president were to lead all Modernism; one's defense of Chris­ Now the call to prayer indicates that men of the nation in prayer. The ob­ tianity must take account of the true the president himself is not oblivious vious answer to such a defense is that nature of Christianity all along the to the rights of religion. His precept prayer and religion have become line. Otherwise the "defense" of and example' in this regard serve to meaningless when they are reduced to Christianity will turn out to be a de­ introduce a much-needed note of so­ vague generalities. On a Christian basement and, dishonoring of Chris­ '\ lemnity and reverence in the midst of position, we believe, one has no busi­ tianity. a world that seems largely to have ness descending to the level of an To our delight our attention has ignored the claims of God. And we insipid religiosity. The only prayer been called to a new expose of Bible are thankful if, as seems to be the that we have reason to believe will Numerics from the pen of Dr. O. T. case, thousands of Christians gathered be effectual is a prayer, that is thor­ Allis. It is published by the Moody for public prayer or engaged in private oughgoingly Christian: Not even the Press, 153 Institute Place, Chicago, prayer because of the president's ac­ president of the United States may and sells for only twenty-five cents. tion. rightly take modernist ground in the Dr. Allis easily shows how utterly un­ On the whole, however, the hearing interest ofinclusivism. If he, though worthy of confidence this method is. of the president's prayer was a painful professing Christianity, was not pre­ The method is not merely fanciful in experience-painful because the prayer pared to give utterance to a Christian the extreme but it also actually plays fell so far short of being a Christian prayer, he should have refrained from fast .and loose with the facts, even prayer. There was indeed an employ­ endeavoring to lead the people in juggling the evidence to compel it to ment of some Biblical language. The prayer. A general call to prayer, and conform to a certain pattern- This prayer was addressed. to "Almighty nothing more, would have been a far little pamphlet is not only a solid and God" and to the "Lord". There was happier measure. informative study, it is also. fascinat­ an appeal to the grace of God, a -N.B.S. ing reading. And it serves effectively readiness to say, "Thy will be done". to warn against a shallow and far­ There was an acknowledgment of fetched apologetic. As Dr. Allis says "shortcomings of the past and pres­ Bible Numerics in his concluding sentence, "A man ent". But, for all that, the prayer was who rests his faith in the inerrancy of essentially unchristian. It made no OR many years the Christian pub­ the Bible on Bible Numerics is trust­ recognition of Jesus Christ as the one Flic has been acquainted with the ing in a broken reed, which if he leans through whom men have access to attempt of Ivan Panin to defend the on it will go into his hand and pierce God and as the one who is the only inspiration of the Scriptures, as well it". Saviour of men and the rightful Lord as to settle various important textual To suppose that the Bible gives its of all. Instead we heard the petition and exegetical questions, by the witness to its divine character by way that those who fall upon the field of method known as "Bible Numerics". of the counting of words, syllables 206 THE ,PRESBYTE,R'IAN GUARDIAN July 10 and letters and by way of the analysis of the factors in these sums is to pos­ The Family Pew sess a very degrading view of the Bible, a view far removed from the By MRS. ARTHUR ARMOUR high plane of the Biblical testimony Of Faitll Orthodox Presbyterian Churc:h. Harrisville. Pa. concerning its inspiration, The testi­ mony of the Bible to its own divine N THE twenty-fourth chapter of the Aaron's two sons offered strange fire character is the plain testimony of its I Book of Joshua, Joshua recounts to before the Lord which He com­ contents, the testimony of its message. the Israelites assembled at Shechem manded them not, and fire went out This testimony is not gained through the unmerited favor which they had from the Lord and' they died. an esoteric approach, not through a received from the Lord and exhorts Therefore, since God sends His kind of "hide and seek" game. The them to forsake idols and serve the blessings and curses upon families, marks of divinity are not hidden be­ Lord. He then speaks for himself and parents have a most practical incentive neath the surface, to be discovered by his family with these stirring words, to do everything in their power to specialists in mathematical puzzles. "As for me and my house, we will encourage and develop a Christian On' the contrary this witness of the serve" the Lord". family: in so doing, they and their Bible comes to all who read its plain A man's house, that is, the family, is house may receive the blessing of God message concerning God and His re­ the unit that God has seen fit to bless instead of His curse. A Christian lations to men. There is neither a or curse. Throughout the Bible this family must be primarily developed in shortcut nor a circuitous by-path to a fact is shown many times. We find that the home, where the authority of the true appraisal of the Scriptures. Cain and his s.eed were cursed; Abel parents is based on the command­ -N.B.S. and his family were blessed. Through ments of God, where instruction in" the goodness of God, Noah and his religious matters must be centered, family were savedfrom the flood. Be­ and where the habits and family spirit cause of God's love for Abraham, his are nurtured. The religious center of seed was blessed, and even his the family life on week-days is the AUBURN SEMINARY CHOOSES nephew Lot was rescued from Sodom. privacy of the family altar, and' on the Jacob and his family were saved from Sabbath the religious welfare of the COFFIN AS NEW PRESIDENT famine, taken into Egypt and pre­ family, as well as the whole family served. In the New. Testament, the spirit, can best be advanced by public AUBURN Affirmationist Henry jailer at Philippi, 'who was in charge worship as a group sitting in a family 11\ Sloane Coffin, D.D., arch-Mod­ of Paul and Silas when they were de­ pew. - ernist, president of Union Theologi­ livered from prison, was saved along The idea of the family pew was cal Seminary, New York, and last with his family. Lydia and her house­ brought to our country from England year's moderator of the general assem­ hold who lived in Thyatira also were with the early colonists, at a time bly of the Presbyterian Church in the blessed of God. when family ties were strong. If you U.S.A., has been elected president of "However, while we do not know to go to many of the historic places of ! Auburn Theological Seminary, citadel what extent the blessing came upon worship in our own country, such as of modern unbelief and birthplace of the family because of the righteous­ Old North Church in Boston or the notorious Auburn Affirmation. ness of the parents, we do know that, Christ Church in Philadelphia today, For the past five years Auburn when the children of righteous men you will see the old-fashioned boxed-in Seminary has had no president, but were flagrant in the breaking of God's pews with benches around three sides at its spring meeting the Board of Di­ laws and in disobedience to their and a name plate on the swinging gate rectors chose Dr. Coffin for the post parents, they were severely punished. showing who were the regular occu­ and he has already. assumed his new Two excellent examples are the two pants of the pews. duties. Says Walter S. Davison, execu­ sons of Eli and the two sons of The family pew fosters the practice tive director of Auburn, "Dr. Coffin's Aaron. God punished Eli's sons for of gathering as a family for worship. recognized position of leadership in their wickedness by having them When each member has his own re­ theological education and in the killed in battle. Eli listened with fear served seat, absences from church are church gives Auburn a great sense of to the sad news of the death of his more conspicuous, the habit of regu­ assurance". sons and when he heard that the Ark lar attendance is promoted, and the Auburn -Seminary, controlled by of God had been captured, he fell family spirit is strengthened. Further­ certain presbyteries~f the Synod of over backward, his neck was broken more, the discipline of the parents New York of the Presbyterian Church and he died, Eli's sons were punished over the children can be maintained in the U.S.A. but not directly under for their wickedness and disobedience during the church service and, vice the control of the general assembly, to God's laws; Eli was punished be­ versa, the ever-watchful eyes of the shares many of the physical facilities cause he disobeyed God by not de­ children may have a good effect on of Union Theological Seminary but manding obedience from his children. the conscience of a parent inclined to continues to maintain its separate Too late Eli learned that God always day-dream during service. identity. Dr. Coffin will retire next holds parents responsible Jar the way With today's widespread loss in the year as president of Union and will be in which they bring up their children. spiritual life of the members and the succeeded by Dr. Henry P. Van The blessings of the covenant which growing unbelief of the church, the Dusen, Union's Professor of Systema­ ordinarily would have been bestowed custom of, gathering for worship in tic Theology. upon Eli's sons were withheld. the family pew is fast disappearing. In rf4J'fJP,~j:~~",,'ri;,~~~.~~~~·"~>~~~f:;~'~O~?"O

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1944 THE .p RES BYTE,R IA N G'U A R D I A N 207

most churches it is all too, common It has been said that our teen-age Nazirite-offering (Num. 6:15). But for the parents, perhaps with the boys and girls graduate first from the when the offering was to be eaten by smaller children, to take their places family pew to the back row, and then the priests and not placed on the in the church auditorium with no con­ out the church. door. BUt when the altar, leaven might be used; as in the cern for thegrowing boys and girls of parents and children come to church case of the peace-offering (Lev. 7: 13) school age who slide into the back and sit together in a family Pew, it is and the wave-loaves (Lev. 23:17). It seats with their friends or choose an a present-day way of publicly ex­ is also quite certain that the shew­ inconspicuous corner of the balcony pressing the attitude of Joshua when bread was unleavened; both because where whispering, note passing, and he declared to the children of Israel, leaven was prohibited in the bread the reading of Sunday school papers "As for me and my house, 'we will offered on the altar and because, in will go unnoticed by older worshipers, serve the Lord". ' the directions given for making the shew-bread, it is not specified that leaven should be used (Lev. 24: 5-9). Philo, Josephus, and the Talmud all say the shew-bread was unleavened. The .Parable' of the Leaven The Old Testament, does not state in so many words that leaven was to A Meditation on Matthew 13:33 be prohibited as exemplifying 'for­ By the REV. LAWRENCE B. GILMORE. Th.D. ruption. A natural explanation of the prohibition, however, like that of the Stated Supply of the First Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Cincinnati i similar exclusion of honey from altar­ offerings, is found in the belief that HE parable of the. leaven, like its sugar. Yeast acts on this sugar to form fermentation involved a process of Tcompanion-piece, the parable of alcohol and carbon dioxide gas. The corruption, as the ancients generally the mustard-seed, has usually been bubbles of the carbon dioxide are en­ held. It has also been observed that understood to illustrate the marvelous meshed in the glutinous bread sponge. spread' of God's kingdom on earth. the prohibition. of leaven is closely These bubbles, expanded by heat, associated with the rule that the fat "Another parable spake he unto thus lighten the bread dough. The and the flesh must not remain from them: The kingdom of heaven is like alcohol is driven off by the heat. feasts until the morning (Ex. 23:18; unto leaven, which a woman took, Leaven in the Old Testament 34:25)· This suggests that fermenta­ and hid in three measures of meal, tion was .regarded as similar to the The people in Bible times did not, till it was all leavened" (Matt. 13: 33; putrefaction of meat. This is in line see also Luke 13:20, 21). of course, have knowledge of this with classical references to leaven. chemical process. But they knew how Plutarch, the Greek biographer, who Two Interpretations to use, as leaven in baking, a piece of lived from about 40 to 120 A.D., says: Against the view traditionally held dough in a high state of fermentation "Now leaven is itself the offspring in the church, that the spread of the saved from a former baking. The of corruption, and corrupts the mass leaven represents the penetrating, lump was either dissolved in water \ of dough with which it has been pervasive growth' of the kingdom and the flour mixed in, or was "hid" mixed" (Rom. Quaest. cix. 6). And in the flour and kneaded along with through the world, there is another Persius, the Roman satirist, who lived view held by some commentators of it (Matt. 13:33). The bread thus from 34 to 62 A.D., uses the term made was called "leavened" as dis­ the past and by a good many Bible fermentatum for "corruption" (I. teachers of the present. According to tinguished from "unleavened" bread this other view, the woman in the (Ex. 12:15) . The leavened bread, 24)· parable is an evil worker, and the while lighter than the unleavened, leaven is the mystery of iniquity had a sour taste and smell which in Leaven in Later spreading heresy and fatal corruption modern times is avoided by using, not Jewish Literature in the visible church. Those holding a lump of dough, but yeast or barm In later times the commands re­ this view insist that leaven, used as a as leaven. stricting the use of leaven were symbolic or typical substance, is al­ The Israelites were commanded not zealously observed by the Jews. Leaven ways mentioned in the Bible in an to eat leavened bread or to have any is even compared to the inherent cor­ evil sense. leaven in their houses during the ruption in man. In the Babylonian passover festival (Ex. 12:15, 19). Talmud, Rabbi Alexander prays The Chemistry of Leaven The absence of leaven was to remind against "the leaven in the dough," Leaven isa.. general term for what- them of the haste in which they had that is, the evil inclination in the ever can cause the process of fer­ left Egypt, their dough in their heart, which hinders man from doing mentation in a mass of dough. The kneading-troughs, and suggested the the will of God (Berachoth, 17a). action is due .to the presence of affliction of Egypt by the insipid taste The term, was thus used also by the countless microscopic yeast plants. of the bread (Ex. 12: 39; Deut. 16: 3) . cabalists in the middle ages. These yeast plants cause an alcoholic Leaven was strictly excluded from fermentation, which requires sugar. all offerings made to the Lord by Leaven in the New Testament The wheat grain contains a substance fire, as in the case of the meat-offer­ Another quality of leaven is called diastase. This substance changes ing (Lev. 2: 11 ), the trespass-offering" brought out when we come to the some of the starch in the moistened (Lev. 7: 12), the consecration-offer­ New Testament. It is leaven's secretly and warmed wheat flour into grape ing (Ex. 29:2; Lev. 8:2), and the penetrating and diffusive power. In 208 THE .p RES BYTE,R lAiN .GUARDIAN July 10

this respect it well illustrates moral bread of sincerity and truth. than the .corruption of the Church" influence. Another reference to leaven is made (comment on Matt. 13:33). The Lord Jesus refers to the teach­ by the Apostle Paul in the course of The leaven, then, is the kingdom ing of the Pharisees and Sadducees his opposing the Judaizers' false teach­ of heaven permeating humanity, with as leaven (Matt. 16:12). He speaks of ing among the Galatians. He writes: the gospel spreading through the the leaven of the Pharisees as hy­ "This persuasion came not of him world by means of Christ's witnesses, pocrisy (Luke 12: 1). In a passage that calleth you. A little leaven leav­ with Christ the center of the gospel's parallel to these, Mark 8: 1 5, mention eneth the whole lump" (Gal. 5:8, message and influence. is made of the leaven of the Hero­ 9). He means that the teaching by We need not seek a special mean­ dians, which apparently was worldli­ which the Galatians have been led ing in the woman's using the leaven, ness, Christ warns His disciples astray is not of God and, though it for bread-making was woman's work against the leaven of these parties op­ has so far done only limited harm, it just as sowing grain was man's. But posed to Him. Their leaven was their is bound to spread like leaven. Com­ if a meaning is required, the woman influence in doctrine and .life, and pare I Cor. 15:33, "Be not deceived: can fitly symbolize the church, which their influence was bad and liable to Evil companionships corrupt good by the Spirit's. aid leavens humanity spread. . morals". with the gospel. ' Leaven is used by the Apostle Paul The three measures of meal were to illustrate moral influence as he Leaven a Neutral SymbOl no unusual amount (Gen. 18:6; writes to the Corinthians rebuking Leaven, with its unpleasant odor Judges 6:19; I Sam. 1:24). We need them for allowing the flagrantly uil­ and sour taste, naturaIIy suggested not seek any abstruse meaning here, chaste sinner to remain in the church. corruption, but its action in the but only note that this much meal The apostle says: 'Tour glorying is dough is beneficial, making the bread made a large mass. So the mass of not good. Know ye not that a little lighter, tastier, and more wholesome. humanity through which the gospel leaven leaveneth .the whole lump? Leaven therefore is adapted to being is to spread is large. Purge out the old leaven, that ye a neutral symbol. "As a figure of The woman took the lump of may be a new lump, even as ye are speech, 'leaven' is applied to any ele­ leaven from outside the, meal. The unleavened. For our passoveralso hath ment, influence, or agency which gospel in like manner is an influence ' been sacrificed, even Christ: where­ effects a subtle and secret change not .of this world in which it works. fore let us keep the feast, not with either for the better or for the worse" It comes from God in heaven. old leaven, neither with the leaven (James Strahan, Dictionary of the The woman hid the leaven in the -of malice and wickedness, but with Apostolic Church (Hastings) , I, meal. So, during our Lord's earthly the unleavened-bread of sincerity and 1916, p. 694). In each passage the ministry, the state of His kingdom truth" (I Cor. 5:6-8). Here the context shows whether the thing that was an inconspicuous one. At this apostle is arguing that a low standard spreads is bad or good. time it was widely believed that the of morality even in one case has far­ The older commentators have Messiah's kingdom would COme with reaching effects upon the entire com­ pointed out that the figurative lan­ much show of power and glory. But munity. The old leaven that must be guage of the Bible is not .so rigid as Jesus teaches something different. The excluded is not the unchaste sinner, to require that one figure must always tiny mustard seed. is buried in the / but rather the attitude in the church stand for one and the same thing. earth. The leaven is hidden in the which shows indifference to sin. This The devil is a roaring lion, seeking meal. So the Christian church begins careless attitude is not that of the whom he may devour (I Pet. 5:8), with a small number of disciples, new regenerate life but of the old yet the Lord Jesus in His kingly ignored by the rulers and historians unregenerate life. Christians are al­ strength is called the Lion of the tribe of the great Roman empire. ready unleavened, virtually and of Judah (Rev. 5:5). The devil is The parable states that the leaven ideally, in the plan of God ,and in also that old serpent (Rev. 20:2), worked till the whole mass of meal their own desire for righteousness. but Christ's disciples are to be wise was leavened. We need not push the They are fully cleansed from the as .serpents (Matt. 10:16). Examples interpretation of the parable to the leaven of iniquity, but the ideal has might be multiplied. Therefore we extent of saying that everybody will still to be realized. The reference to cannot say that in all the Biblical be converted, but hold rather that leaven, which was associated with the references leaven must mean corrupt the parable shows the -gospel diffusing passover, leads the apostle to think of influence, though it usually does. As itself through all nations and affect­ that institution and to speak of J. A. Bengel (1687-1752) says: "No ing all realms of life. Our Lord Him­ Christ as the believer's true passover. necessity, in fact, compels us to take self foretold that iniquity would multi­ Since Christ, the passover Lamb, has the leaven in a bad sense; hence, as ply, and the love of many wax cold already been sacrificed, the days of the word does not necessarily imply (Matt. 24:12). But He also said: the spiritual feast of unleavened bread censure, bad leaven is termed the old "And this gospelof the kingdom shall have begun. Believers are therefore leaven in I Cor. 5:7" (Footnote on be preached in the whole world for a urged to carry through their passover Matt. 13:33)' testimony unto all the nations; and cleansing of the soul, to rid them­ then shall the end come" (Matt. selves of all the infectious remnants The Meaning of Our Parable 24:14)' As in the case of the mus­ of their pre-Christian state. In this The saintly Bengel represents the tard-seed, the beginning is small, the manner they may keep not merely a sober exegetical tradition of the consummation great, seven-days' feast of unleavened bread, church when he concludes regarding This traditional interpretation is as the Old Testament believers did, the parable of the leaven: "I would better than the contrasting view, for but a life-long feast of the unleavened rather refer this to the propagation, the contrasting view proves too much, 1944 THE .p RES BYTERIANGUARDIAN 209

namely, the failure of the visible politics and commerce, the arts and heathen for thine inheritance, and the church. "The parable, as the Lord sciences. "The mission of Christianity uttermost parts of the earth for thy declares, is of 'the kingdom of heaven'; is not to occupy a respectable place possession" (Psalm 2:8). He must it would in that case be a parable of apart, but to leaven life through and reign until all His enemies will be another kingdom altogether. An­ through" (James Stalker, The made His footstool. Let us be warned nouncing that there was one who Preacher, 1~1, p. 15). and encouraged-warned when we fal­ should leaven through and through 7. In order to spread the gospel ter or fail, encouraged when by God's with a leaven of falsehood and cor­ leaven, we must ourselves be leavened, sufficient grace we seek to raise and ruption the entire kingdom of heaven, that is, we must be· permeated with unfurl the banner of truth, that He He would have announced that the the gospel. The believer born again who is King on God's holy hill will gates of hell should prevail against by the Spirit, redeemed by the blood one day cast all error and deceit into it; He would have written failure upon of Christ, and progressing by the the pit of eternal dismay and will vin­ His whole future work; there would, Spirit's sanctifyingwork, is ready to be dicate to the glory of God and to the in that case, have remained no re­ a real influence for God. everlasting joy of all His people the active energy, by which it could ever We have an influence, whether for very counsel which it is our respon-, have been unleavened again" (R; C. good or for bad. May God help us sibility and privilege now to display. Trench, The Parables of Our Lord, to be the leaven that makes for 11th edition, 1870, pp. 114, 115). nourishment and' wholesomeness, not Taking the parables of the mustard­ for disturbance and corruption.' He seed and the leaven together,we see offers us the glorious privilege of the marvelous development, external , spreading the glad tidings of salva­ NEBRASKA BIBLE CONFERENCE and internal, of Christ's kingdom on tion. This is the most beneficent en­ earth. terprise that can be imagined either UNUSUALLY BLESSED OF GOD by angels or by men. Let us help the The Le$$ons for U$ church and, Sunday school. Let us We need to apply this parable to VERY one of the sixty-three dele­ distribute our tracts and .gospels, Let gates to the Elim Bible Confer­ ourselves, and observe these truths: us speak a word for Christ. We have E I,. We are again taught that in ence of the Presbytery of the Dakotas every reason to take heart,and do made a public acknowledgment of his God's working small beginnings bring our best. large results. Let us therefore not De faith in Christ as Saviour, and twenty­ discouraged though our influence five of these delegates made such pro­ seems small, if it be good. fession for the first time. Thus was 2. God has much good going on The Banner of the blessing of God manifest upon that we cannot see. The workings of Westminster Seminary this Bible conference held from June His grace by His Word and Spirit i ath to 19th at Niobrara (Nebraska) are often hidden and quiet, whereas (Concluded from Page 198) State Park. much of Satan's work is conspicuous Guest speaker at the conference was and noisy. where God has' caused our feet to the Rev.' Professor R. B. Kuiper of 3. The hidden good which God stand, that in these difficult and peril­ Westminster Seminary, who,preached has in action has great power of ex­ ous days there may not be retreat or a series of sermons on the theme "Sal­ pansion. A classic example is the recession, but that now and in the vation". Professor Kuiper also taught spread of the church in the Roman days to come, against every assault a course on "Christianity, the Only empire in spite of the fearful per­ upon and evasion of the whole coun­ True Religion". secutions of the Christians. sel of God, with persistent and ag­ Other instructors and their courses 4. The invisible good eventually gressive display of the banner of God's were: The Rev. Charles L. Shook on has a great visible manifestation. Just glory and truth, to the establishment "The ABC's of Salvation" (compul­ as the dough is raised by the leaven, of true faith and to the promotion of sory for new campers and open to all); .so is society visibly affected by the truly sanctified life, with steadfastness the Rev. Robert B. Brown on "The spread of the gospel. This is true not and zeal born of divine commission Fruits of the Spirit"; and the Rev. only of the building up of the visible and compulsion, Westminster Sem­ Dean W. Adair on "Jesus the Re­ church but also of its effect in renovat­ inary may go on to greater fidelity and deemer". ing society. The apostles turned the usefulness in the kingdom of our Lord . Also taking part in the conference world upside down (Acts 17:6), and and Saviour [esus Christ. were the Rev.'Messrs. Melvin B. Non­ manifested the gospel in every place "We wrestle not against flesh and hof, John F. Gray and Walter J. (II Cor. 2:14; Rom. 15:19). blood, but against principalities, Magee, Elder Gerard den Dulk, Mrs. 5. The gospel is to spread from . against powers, against the rulers of Brown, Mrs. Magee, Mrs. Shook, Mrs. one individual to another as the the darkness of this world, against Gray and Mrs: Nonhof. leaven spreads -from one particle of spiritual wickedness in high places" In addition to the sixty-three dele­ . meal to another. Each Christian is (Eph. 6:12). We shall often cringe gates, twenty-two other persons at­ to be a witness for Christ (Luke 24: before the assaults of sin and Satan. tended, making a total of eighty-five 48). In the early church even the But let us not forget that Christ is campers at this annual conference of persecuted disciples went everywhere King upon the holy hill of Zion, that Dakota Presbytery. Swimming, hiking, preaching the Word (Acts 8:4). He has all authority in heaven and in soft ball and ping-pong were, accord­ 6. The gospel is to affect all parts earth. To Him has been given the ing to a competent observer, the fa­ of human life-work and recreation, promise, "I shall give thee the vorite pastimes. 210 THE .p ~ E5 B Y T ERI ANG UA RDIAN July 10

. printing of the reply of the American From the Editors' ,Mailbag Council to the twenty-eight liberal church­ Excerpts From Letters to THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN men who protested the bombing of enemy territory. It reads: 'The text of the state­ U. S. Naval Hospital, read each one through tonight. With the ment, which could have been improved Memphis 15, Tenn. mail situation as it is, they almost all got by careful editing, follows". To the Editors: here the same day. One came about Satur­ I am persuaded that today there are . It is impossible for me to express to day of last week and the other two came banners being raised for Various principles you, and through you to the many who in on Wednesday of this week. One thing which all true Christians w.ould do well .contributed gifts both large and small, my or another got in the way of reading them, to take their stand on for the common gratitude for the generous response to the but now I have devoured the contents of good of the cause of Jesus Christ. ... appeal made in my behalf for the funds all three and wish I had more. These banners are being raised by men necessary to secure a communion set for I liked the Service Men's number and whose schismatic policies of the past we use in my work as a Chaplain in the your letter-editorial is a masterpiece of may be in strong opposition to, and yet United States Navy. tearing one's self apart. You on the home­ the cause which in God's providence they To date I have received the total of front need it, but we on the fighting fronts are championing for the moment is a $111.05 for this purpose, and 1 praise God need it more than you. By that I mean we cause which must have the immediate that. through His people He has done ex­ don't pray enough, we don't have an utter support of all of God's people. ceeding abundantly above all I asked or dependence upon God as we should, and Why is it not possible for THE PRESBY­ thought. we waver and fall in the face of tempta­ TERIAN GUARDIAN to point out sincere In this military life it is easy to begin tion. I am speaking for myself right here, .differences of opinion without becoming to feel that, although I am still a minister but I believe it is applicable to a good' caustic or resorting to such a criticism as of our beloved Orthodox Presbyterian many others. the one which I am protesting today? Church, I am nevertheless a little on the I was on pass a couple of weeks ago and This letter needs to be "improved by outside of things and no longer a vital part providentially was able to be with two careful editing" but I hope that the con­ of the whole, But this heart-warming proof other fellows from my home town of tents of it will be received in the spirit of of the love and interest of our people, Millville, N. J., whom r knew back there. constructive criticism for the good of THE not only in my ministry but especially in One never, so far as I know, made any PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN'S ministry in de­ fense of the Word of God. the Naval personnel that ministry is reach­ attempt. at confessing Christ, but the ing, is a sweet reassurance that we are other is one of the two men most instru­ A NEW YORK MINISTER truly members one of another in the glori­ mental under God in bringing me to a To THE EDITORS: ous cause of the gospel committed to all saving knowledge of Christ and after that May I, without offending, comment on of us. to a Calvinistic viewpoint. what appears to me to be a great im­ Every time I use this communion set, I must confess that army life hasn't provement in t~e, GUARDIAN? I refer to it win be a symbol for me of the faithful­ helped me much so far as a Christian life its new "readability" in recent months. ness and prayers of the saints, and of our is concerned, but God's grace has kept Without sacrificing one iota from our doc­ oneness in Christ. My constant prayer and me from the very worst sins even though trinal position, the articles seem to carry aim shall be that the precious shed blood no sin is at all good. Please pray for me a greater appeal to those of lesser mental and broken body of our Lord Jesus Christ, and ask God to help me, for I need His furniture, like myself. The more "prac­ memorialized by the wine and bread of the help more than ever now, with the climax tical" (a most inadequate word) and less communion, may be effectually applied by of this European war drawing near. Thank "technical" approach should win a host the gracious work of the Holy Spirit to you for printing'my other letter, and of new readers among the laity. many souls. . thanks for your kind indulgence in read­ A NEW JERSEY PASTOR E. LYNNE WADE ing this far and especially thank you for To THE EDITORS: Chaplain, USNR praying for me as I know that you shall. P. S. The surplus above the amount neces­ CORPORAL VERNON B. EAMES I particularly enjoyed the editorial in the February 25th GUARDIAN entitled "Vic­ sary to purchase the communion set will To THE EDITORS: be used to secure other equipment neces­ tory Through Air Power". I believe that I believe a clear stand against Modern­ that single editorial will do more to win sary to my work as a Chaplain. E. L. W. ism and against the policies of our evan­ friends for The Orthodox Presbyterian gelical brethren with whom we do not Church and settle unstable members than Somewhere in England see eye to eye is possible without resorting almost any other thing could do. It has To THE EDITORS: either to ridicule or unnecessary reflections always seemed a pity to me that when I was thrilled and gratified to see my upon their position. I believe that the The Orthodox Presbyterian Church and V-Mail letter published in the Service editorial policy of THE PRESBYTERIAN the Bible Presbyterian Church had so Men's issue of the GUARDIAN. The edge GUARDIAN has been improved greatly in many things in common and so little however was taken off somewhat by a let­ this -regard but that too often there still actual difference that a better relation ter from my pastor, Rev. Clifford S. Smith, appear the sort of sentences which do not could not exist. 1 who congratulated me on making the help the cause which THE PRESBYTERIAN When the split came in 1937, I be­ I GUARDIAN before it had arrived here. I still GUARDIAN is supposed to champion. One lieve that· there were mistakes made on I like the looks of it, though, and what I such sentence which in my opinion is both 'sides. Articles and. editorials appeared said still goes. wholly unnecessary and which destroys the in both the GUARDIAN and the Beacon. I am on duty right now on the night otherwise high' tone and Christian flavor Then the GUARDIAN and our church took shift and brought along the January loth, of the April loth issue is the sentence on the better stand of refusing to be drawn . February roth and March roth issues and page 115, in .connection with your re- into further argument and .hitting baok. 1944 THE ·PilESBYTE.RIAN GUARDIAN 211

Since we could not agree on all things his trip in moving from Massawa to light coat of slippery mud was over and yet while we were both unalterably Arafali where he is establishing the the sand. Several times I just missed opposed to Modernism, why could we not mission. driving into a freshly washed-out chan­ agree to disagree and stop attacking each "It was almost noon when we nel. Finally I found the trail through other? Our stand was by far the better. finally left Massawa. We made very the village, but the road .across the While we cannot flatly endorse the good time to within about half a mile American Council because of its leader­ of Zula, to the point where we stuck Sunday School Papers ship, as you say, we surely can rejoice the last time. MQre water was coming ."..... 6y that they have been used of God to further across the flooded fields from the REFORMED DIBLE TEACIIERI the cause of the true gospel. Today in Haddas river, and J saw it was no use Le.BonB in Bible Order our local church Westminster Seminary, to move into the mud. I parked the CHRISTIAN REFORl\IED the GUARDIAN, and The Orthodox Pres­ car, took off my shoes and waded the PUBLISHING HOUSE byterian Church as a whole are supported mud and water to the bank of the dry Gnad Rapt.... M.eIL. more heartily than ever before. river bed, and walked on into Zula. I ANOTHER NEW JERSEY PASTOR had rather expected this. SUPPLY PREACHER WANTED "That was at two o'clock. At Zula The Memorial O.P. Church, Reehes­ To THE EDITORS: ter, N. Y., desires to correspond with I thought that your Christian Educa­ my friends said they would get a ministers who maybe available to sup­ tion Number of THE PRESBYTERIAN camel to take my two trunks, my big ply our church during the month or GUARDIAN was nothing short of terrific, one and the trunk of books, 'to the August. Communicate with Frank U. Remein, Clerk, 288 Wisconsin St., especially Mr. .Sloat's article "'Dear car. I would then go back to the upper Rochester 9, N. Y. . Son .. .' ", Professor Kuiper's "The road and on to Arafali. The camels Christian Home", and Mr. Coic's "A were far away grazing, and it was Message to Christian Parents". I pray that after five when I got the load on the such issues may continue. car. In the meantime I had coffee and Knowledge of His saving grace brought to A P.RIVATE IN THE tea and rested on a high bed outside thousands thrwgh our Tracts each year. Have ~ur share in this soul-winning ministry. Here are MARINE CORPS RESERVE the chief's house. I'm not quite sure UoIpeI Messages, keyed to the times, attractive and *forceful, appealing and convincing. AlsoTract Raoks, yet whether it was coffee or tea that Post Cards, Cellophane Sheets, etc. Big assortment. the native police boys brought me. It Send only 250. Dept. ". A Letter From Mr. Duff was cooked with. milk, I presume FAITH, "RAYER & RACT LEAGUE,MuakQ"'"'~ Mich. camel milk, which has so strong a HE Rev. Clarence W. Duff, Or­ flavor 'of smoke that I couldn't dis­ WANTED tinguish anything else. The coffee was At the Christian Sanatorium Tthodox Presbyterian missionary to Young men and young women Eritrea, wrote an exceedingly interest­ excellent, as is nearly all one gets to take tl'aining in practical ing letter on April 27th from Arafali, down here. They usually sugar it for Psychiatric Nursing on the Red Sea, at the extremity of me. Write: Director of Nurses: the Bay of Zula: "After that the going was hard. CHRISTIAN SANATORIUM "It has cooled down to ninety in Where we had to cross the Haddas R.F.D. 1, Wyckoff, N. J. higher up there was some water, but the shade this afternoon after one - hundred two this time yesterday. This we 'went through all right. I had sev­ .... ."..". - , morning at daybreak it was about eral passengers-a couple of men and l> USE STANDARD'S • eighty. A gentle and comparatively a woman and little children. I didn't TRUE.TO.THE.BIBLE ~ cool wind makes it not uncomfortable want to travel alone. At the only point SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSONS. when one stays right in it. The flies. on the whole road where we needed All ages prefer Standard's Closely have chased me out of the house, but extras to push, just after getting ~ Graded and Uniform quarterlies, story papers. Used in thousands ofsuccessful only a few have found me in my re­ through the water in the Haddas, schools. Write for free samplesandcata- ~ treat so far. Yesterday, from some when we stuck in the sand, there were logue. State grade in which interested. time before noon till after dark, about ten men sitting on the bank ready to ~ THI STANDARD PUBLISHING CO. all one could do was to pant and run down and push us out. I don't ~81b a~ CUller!_.Cincinnati ~. ~Ia a sweat, fight flies, keep out of the wind know why they were there; apparently and wonder "whether the wind was they were just resting on their journey, going to blow the house on down the but they were there for our need. I side of the hill from where it had thought we might be stuck again at landed last week. . . . I feel that it is the steepest climb out of another river ILU@!mr clear that most of our time for six bed, but a second start carried us up, months of the year at least must be after some sand had taken our power. on the Internat.jonal spent at a higher altitude. How that Farther on the road had been some­ Uniform Lessons will be worked out I do not know, and what damaged by the heavy rains in Unionlesson Helps offersound,iMpiring the high country. After dark it was lesson exposi~ons written by specialists for the present I am interested mainly loreVer( age group. Undenominational in gettingsomething settled about this hard to follow the trail, and once or ond uncontrovenial wi'" room only lor place, though just as soon as I can I twice we got off for a short distance constructive trutJ.. want to investigate the hills that rise and had to retrace our way. The men Write for fr•• specimens up so abruptly above this narrow with me were invaluable then. At Arafali near the beach nearly all signs AMEIDN SUNDAY·. UNION coastal plain at Arafali". 181/1 Chestnut s, Philadelphia. Pa, Mr. Duff then goes on to describe of the trail were blotted out, and a .~ ;

212 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN July 10. 1944

The Witness of river bed was quite changed. I got medan and spends a good deal of time across, and parked till morning at the at his prayers, with many mutterings MATTHEW and MARK foot of our hill. The boys came down and chantings. He always rubs his to meetme and carried up the smaller hands in the smoke of the incense be­ things. I discovered then that they fore the coffee pot and dashes some of to Christ had had a real flood, coming down the incense on his face, then prays the usually dry river from the moun­ over the coffee. By NED BElUfARD STONEHOUSE. Th.D. tains above. The local people said "Balambaras is really a good in­ only once in many years did so much terpreter, and I couldn't do without This new book by Ihe Profeeeor of New Teetamenl In Weetmlneter Theoloqlcal Semi­ water come. Had I.come a day earlier, him. He is a most enthusiastic sup­ nary belonqa In the library of every eerlo"" as I had hoped to, I could not have porter. He makes friends for me, and eludenl of the Word of God. It providee a crossed the river. So once again, as gives me a good introduction to the broad eurvey of the contente of the first two when Mr. Anderson and I came, the local people, and I think he is going 9ll11pela. and deale with many of the moSt im· portant queetione of Interpretation raised by Lord held me back till all was clear. to be a good teacher. Today was the modem liberal criticiem. Order your copy Balambaras (my "boy") wouldn't let first day I've really used him on.the today. me talk at all about the troubles of language since I left Asmara. I did coming after night, but praised Allah some verbs and most of the second $2.50 a copy. poetpaid in the U. S. for bringing me safely, and not letting lesson in Cummings. When I said, me come the day before. He said he 'And Jesus, while seated on \the well, THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN had prayed and prayed that I would said to her, Please give me a drink', 1505 Rae. SL. PhUa. 2. Pa. come safely. He is a devout Moham- he said in Saho, 'Ali, while seated, etc.', or 'A man, while seated'. I re­ peated the name 'Jesus' but he was (See Page 200) unwilling to say it, I' think because Ali was listening, as he had said before that they .recognized Jesus as a great For Your Convenience in Ordering the prophet". I NINE BOOKS BY DR. B. B. WARFIELD DAKOTA PRESBYTERY MEETS J'1 AT $1.50 PER VOLUME AT NIOBRARA STATE PARK .' SPEC IAL meeting of the Presby­ I. Studies in TheoloCiJy 5. Calvin and Calvinism A tery of the Dakotas of The Orthodox Presbyterian Church was 2. Biblical Doctrines 6. Tert",lIian and Augustine held on June 17th at Niobrara (Ne­ 7. Critical Reviews braska) State Park, during the sessions 3. Christology and Criticism . of the Elim Bible Conference spon­ 8. Perfectionism, Volume" 4. The Westminster Assembly , sored by the presbytery. and its Work 9. Perfectionism, Volume 2 The pastoral relationship was dis­ solved between the Rev. John F. Gray and his three churches, Bethel Church To The Presbyterian G",ardian, of Carson, N. D., First Church of 1505 Race Street, Lark, and First Church of Leith. The Philadelphia 2, Pa. Rev. C. A. Balcom was appointed moderator of the sessions. Mr. Gray I enclose $1.50 per book for the numbers circled below: has accepted the pastoral call of Cal­ vary Church of Ringoes, N. J. 1 2 3'4 5 6 7 8 9 The .pastoral relationship was dis­ solved between the Rev. Robert B. Brown and the Orthodox Presbyterian Please reserve for me the numbers circled below, Church of Omaha, Nebr., and Dr. and deliv.er them on : James B. Brown was appointed mod­ erator of the session. A call from the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Omaha church was placed in the hands of the Rev. Dean W. Adair. Mr. Brown, the former pastor, has Your Name . accepted the call of Westminster Church, Los Angeles. Address __ __ .. Mr. Brown, moderator of the pres­ bytery, presented the presbytery with City and Zone . an ebonized maple gavel.