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UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Diplomová Práce

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UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Diplomová Práce UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky BEYOND CONTROL: THE UNFORESEEN POWER OF FEMININITY AND FEMALE ARCHETYPES IN ANNE RICE‘S VAMPIRE CHRONICLES Diplomová práce Autor: Bc. Nikol Šustrová Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Michal Peprník, Dr. Olomouc 2017 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem diplomovou práci na téma: „Beyond Control: The Unforeseen Power of Femininity and Female Archetypes in Anne Rice‘s Vampire Chronicles― vypracovala samostatně pod odborným dohledem vedoucího práce a uvedla jsem všechny pouţité podklady a literaturu. V Olomouci dne Podpis Acknowledgment I would like to take this time to thank my thesis supervisor Prof. PhDr. Michal Peprník, Dr., for providing me, once more, with the opportunity to delve into Anne Rice‘s vampire fiction. His insightful comments, valuable guidance and encouragement were of immense help. Gratitude is extended to Prof. Brigid Burke, D. Litt. of the Philosophy/Religion department and the General Humanities/Classics department at Montclair State University, USA, for her in-depth comments and suggestions concerning the theoretical part of my thesis. This thesis would not be written if it was not for our debates about Jung, femininity, and feminism. Finally, I would like to thank my fiancée for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout the process of researching and writing this thesis. [signature] Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6 1. Jungian (Analytical) Psychology ........................................................................... 11 1. 1 Jung Versus Freud ........................................................................................... 13 1. 1. 1 A Very Short Account of Jung‘s Professional Life ................................. 13 1. 1. 2 Masculinity and Femininity ..................................................................... 14 1. 1. 3 Jung and Women, Freud and Women ..................................................... 17 1. 2 Jungian Theory: Terms and Concepts ............................................................. 19 1. 2. 1 The Unconscious ..................................................................................... 19 1. 2. 2 The Archetypes ........................................................................................ 21 1. 2. 3 Archetypal Image .................................................................................... 21 1. 2. 4 The Animus and the Anima ..................................................................... 22 1. 2. 5 The Shadow ............................................................................................. 25 2. Female Archetypes ................................................................................................ 27 2. 1 Erich Neumann‘s The Great Mother: An Analysis of the Archetype and ―The Meaning of the Earth Archetype for Modern Times‖ ............................................ 27 2. 2 Toni Wolff‘s ―Structural Forms of the Feminine Psyche‖ .............................. 31 2. 1. 1 General Description of Wolff‘s Structural Forms ................................... 34 2. 1. 1 The Amazon ............................................................................................ 35 2. 1. 2 The Hetaira .............................................................................................. 36 2. 1. 3 The Medial Woman ................................................................................. 37 2. 1. 4 The Mother .............................................................................................. 38 3. Gender, Femininity and Vampire Chronicles ........................................................ 39 3. 1 What is Gender? .............................................................................................. 39 3. 2 Femininity and Masculinity ............................................................................ 41 3. 3 Prevailing Femininity ...................................................................................... 43 3. 4 Prevailing Masculinity .................................................................................... 46 3. 5 Ricean Vampires: Genderless or Androgynous? ............................................ 50 4. Anne Rice .............................................................................................................. 54 4. 1 Anne Rice and Femininity .............................................................................. 56 4. 2 The 1950s and 1960s Role of Women in the USA ......................................... 62 5. Female Characters of The Vampire Chronicles ..................................................... 64 5. 2 Three Femininities of The Vampire Chronicles‘ Female Characters .............. 64 5. 3 Analysis of Human Female Characters ........................................................... 68 5. 3. 1 Jesse ......................................................................................................... 69 5. 3. 2 Bianca ...................................................................................................... 73 5. 3. 3 Gretchen .................................................................................................. 76 5. 3. 4 Dora ......................................................................................................... 84 5. 3. 5 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 87 5. 4 Analysis of Vampire Female Characters ......................................................... 89 5. 4. 1 Gabrielle .................................................................................................. 90 5. 4. 2 Akasha ..................................................................................................... 96 5. 4. 3 Maharet and Mekare .............................................................................. 101 5. 4. 4 Pandora .................................................................................................. 107 5. 4. 5 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 120 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 122 Resumé ..................................................................................................................... 126 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 130 List of Figures .......................................................................................................... 138 List of Appendices ................................................................................................... 139 Introduction A lot has changed since the nineteenth century when the literary vampire first appeared in all its glory – ruthless, terrifying bloodsuckers of Polidori and Bram Stoker now co-exist in the literary realm alongside the compassionate, often ―vegetarian‖ vampires of Stephenie Meyer and L. J. Smith – yet one thing remains the same: Anne Rice‘s vampire characters still attract the attention of the readers. Correspondingly, Ricean vampires had drawn the attention of many literary critics – especially, but not exclusively – of the close of the twentieth century. These critics had looked at Ricean vampires from many different angles: some considered Ricean vampires to be the descendants of Byronic Hero,1 others spent time describing their novelty,2 or religious roots.3 For the most part, Ricean scholars and literary critics spent their time pondering the brat vampire Lestat, the brooding vampire Louise, or the maniacal, boyish vampire Armand. That they chose to analyze main male vampire characters does not come as a surprise. Lestat and Louis, for example, are present in nearly every one (if not in all) of Anne Rice‘s vampire novels, and as such they are the round, main characters who constitute the backbone of most of the stories and are described in the greatest depth. Yet in the now 13-volume (soon to be 14-volume),4 80-million selling vampire saga5 other characters live in the shadow of Lestat and Louis. Characters, which – though readers and critics may not always notice them – nevertheless bear an equally significant message about the structure and the kind of fiction world of The Vampire Chronicles universe, as well as about 1 See Kathryn McGinley’s essay on the development of the Byronic Vampire. Kathryn McGinley, “Development of the Byronic Vampire: Byron, Stoker, Rice,” in The Gothic World of Anne Rice (Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1996), 71-91. 2 See Martin J. Wood’s groundbreaking essay on Anne Rice’s new vampire tradition. Martin J. Wood, “New Life for an Old Tradition: Anne Rice and Vampire Literature,” in The Blood is The Life (Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1999), 59-78. 3 See Lloyd Worley’s essay on Protestantism in The Vampire Chronicles. Lloyd Worley, “Anne Rice’s Protestant Vampires,” in The Blood is The Life (Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1999), 79-92. 4 Anne Rice has announced that her fourteenth vampire novel called Prince Lestat and the Realms of Atlantis is to be published on November 29, 2016. Alyson Flood, “Anne Rice finds there’s still life in Lestat with a new vampire novel,”
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