October 20, 2017 Vol. LXIX, No. 21

have adaptive mechanisms to it, such as the ‘revving up’ of our epinephrine and norepi- nephrine. This can be helpful in the short term, like if you have to run from a tiger or Murthy Discusses Chronic respond to an acute crisis. But over the long Stress, Solutions term, it can increase inflammation in the BY ELLEN O’DONNELL body and increase our risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, anxiety, depression and a Imagine that you are picking up a set of host of other illnesses.” weights at the gym, an overloaded bag at the During his tenure as surgeon general, grocery store or a small child. As you do this, Dr. Vivek Murthy (r) chats with NIH director Dr. Murthy took a “listening tour” across you’re building muscle mass, “but if you hold at Straus Lecture. America. The recurring theme he heard that weight for hours and hours, it may do was that “the stresses in people’s lives were damage to you—and that’s essentially what Straus Distinguished Lecture in the causing them great pain and they didn’t happens with chronic stress,” according to Science of Complementary Therapies always know how to deal with them...It former surgeon general Dr. Vivek Murthy. about “A Nation Under Pressure: The was so powerful to see how people would There is “an epidemic of stress in Public Health Consequences of Stress in react and come together when we talked America,” he says, but there are also tools America.” They addressed a packed Masur about stress and emotional well-being.” As a and skills that we can use to counter it and Auditorium and thousands more watching nation, “if we are not addressing stress and “enhance [our] ability to live a healthier, on videocast and Facebook Live. NCCIH’s emotional well-being, we are missing a major stronger, more fulfilling life.” annual Straus Lecture honors the center’s contributor to our health.” Murthy and NIH director Dr. Francis founding director. Collins spoke at this year’s Stephen E. Not all stress is bad, Murthy said. “We SEE STRESS, PAGE 8

UNHERALDED HEROES AN UPHILL CLIMB Woodruff Shares Personal Relay Changes Course, But Story as Caregiver to Son NeuRUNS Win Again BY DANA TALESNIK BY DANA TALESNIK

They may not have The race to the the medical exper- finish was a bit tise, but nobody tougher than in else could be more years past. It was devoted to the a sunny, breezy patient. They’re afternoon on NSO in full glory. See story, p. 2. the informal Sept. 28 when 105 ALSO THIS ISSUE caregivers—the rel- spirited teams atives and friends participated in the 2017 Nobel Winners Are NIH Grantees. . . . 3 of chronically ill 34th NIH Institute Annual Stetten, Chanock Lectures Announce patients—who self- Relay. But while This Year’s Speakers, Topics ...... 5 lessly spend many most previous Corps Deploys Members to Hurricane Sites. . 7 grueling hours relays looped Judy Woodruff at NIH daily caring for You’d smile too if you around Bldg. 1, Digest...... 9 their loved ones. were on winning team. this year’s event Milestones...... 10 The caregiver role came about unex- was relocated due Volunteers...... 11 pectedly for Judy Woodruff, anchor and to construction. The new route behind the managing editor of PBS NewsHour, who Clinical Center was significantly shorter but Seen...... 12 SEE WOODRUFF, PAGE 4 SEE RELAY, PAGE 6 BRIEFS

NIH Veterans Day Celebration, Nov. 9 The entire NIH community is invited to join our military and Public Health Service colleagues to cel- ebrate Veterans Day and to recognize their service and continued contributions to the nation. This year’s celebration will be held on Thursday, Nov. 9 in Masur Auditorium, Bldg. 10, from 10 to 11 a.m. The event will include a military band, remembrance table ceremony, exhibits from vet- eran-oriented companies and uniformed services organizations and more. NIH veterans and families of veterans are especially encouraged to attend. This year’s keynote speaker is Army Maj. Gen. (Ret.) James Gilman, who currently serves as chief executive officer of the Clinical Center. Welcoming remarks will be delivered by Navy Commander (Ret.) Jeff McCoy, director of the Division of Design and Construction Management, NIH Office of Research Facilities. National Symphony Orchestra Performs at CRC Sign language interpreters will be provided. On Sept. 19, the Clinical Center and the Foundation for Advanced Education in the Sciences welcomed Individuals who need reasonable accommodation the full National Symphony Orchestra to Bldg. 10. The orchestra performed works by Beethoven, Bach to participate should contact Jayne Lura-Brown at and Brahms as well as Duke Ellington, Leroy Anderson, John Williams, Emmanuel Sejourne and Aaron [email protected] or (301) 594-5342 and/ Copland. It featured William Gerlach on trumpet, Eric Shin on vibraphone and Steven Reineke (shown or the Federal Relay (1-800-877-8339). To find above) as conductor. Their visit marks the NSO’s 18th time performing in the Clinical Center as a part of out more about how veterans contribute every its Sound Health initiative. NSO ensembles have scheduled performances at the Clinical Center Nov. 9 and Dec. 12. Below at left, NIH director Dr. Francis Collins welcomes the NSO to Bldg. 10. Below at right, day to the NIH mission, visit https://jobs.nih.gov/ patients, families, staff and visitors enjoyed the NSO concert both in the atrium and balconies above. veterans/vrf.htm. PHOTOS: MARLEEN VAN DEN NESTE Lecture on Electronic Health Records, Nov. 1 in Lister Hill Auditorium The next talk in the National Library of Medicine Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Lectures is titled “Transforming Electronic Health Records from Annoyances to Assistants: A Research Agenda for the Next Decade,” by Dr. James Cimino on Wednesday, Nov. 1 from 2 to 3 p.m. in Lister Hill Center Auditorium, Bldg. 38A. Cimino is a Heitkemper To Give NINR Director’s Lecture, Nov. 14 in Lipsett board-certified Dr. Margaret Heitkemper will present the fourth 2017 NINR Director’s internist and clinical Lecture on Tuesday, Nov. 14 from 1 to 2 p.m. in Lipsett Amphitheater, informatician, cur- Bldg. 10. In her presentation “Symptom Science in Irritable Bowel rently a professor of Syndrome: Biomarkers to Intervention,” she will describe her program medicine and inau- of research that addresses the pathophysiology and biobehavioral gural director of the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the interaction of stress Informatics Institute and symptoms in children and adults. The lecture will be followed by an Dr. James Cimino at the University opportunity for questions and discussion. of Alabama- Birmingham School Heitkemper is professor and chair, department of biobehavioral nursing of Medicine. He has been carrying out clinical and health informatics, adjunct professor, division of gastroenterology, informatics research, building clinical informa- and co-director, Center for Innovations in Sleep Self-Management at the tion systems, teaching medical informatics and University of Washington. Her current studies are examining blood and medicine and caring for patients for more than 30 fecal metabolite levels, the microbiome and intestinal permeability in years. He was formerly chief of the Laboratory for men and women with IBS as well as peripheral markers of inflammation. Informatics Development at the Clinical Center and the National Library of Medicine. The NINR Director’s Lecture series is designed to bring the nation’s top nurse scientists to NIH to share their work and interests with a transdisciplinary audience. The event is free and open to the public. For more information and to register, visit www.ninr.nih.gov/directorslecture.

2 • NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 NIH Grantees Win Nobel Prizes metabolism, fertility, mood and other physiological of life’s processes and identifying molecular conditions. For this reason, clock dysfunction targets for drug development,” said Collins. “NIH Four NIH grantees were honored with Nobel prizes is associated with various disorders, including is investing heavily in the further development of in early October, three in medicine and physiology insomnia, diabetes and depression. this technology through the NIH Common Fund’s and one in chemistry. Transformative High Resolution cryo-EM Program, “The work of these Nobel laureates to help us which aims to improve access for researchers The 2017 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine understand how our biological clocks work has through the creation of national service centers, went to grantees Dr. Jeffrey C. Hall of the University shone a light on the significance of circadian continued advancement of the technology and of Maine, Orono; Dr. Michael Rosbash of Brandeis rhythms on our health and is informing treatments developing the skills that researchers need to use University; and Dr. Michael W. Young of Rockefeller for sleep disorders, obesity, mental health disorders this technology.” University for their discoveries of molecular mecha- and other health problems,” said NIH director Dr. nisms controlling the circadian rhythm. Francis Collins. “NIH is proud to have supported Frank has received continuous funding from NIGMS this groundbreaking research.” since 1978, having received more than $25 million The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said, “The to date. paradigm-shifting discoveries by the laureates Young and Rosbash have received continuous established key mechanistic principles for the funding from NIH since 1975 ($17 million and $8 “One of the beauties of this prize is that it isn’t biological clock.” million, respectively) primarily from the National just looking backward at what happened in the Institute of General Medical Sciences and past, it’s also looking to the future,” said Lorsch. Sharing the chemistry prize with two other scien- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and “Recent advances in cryo-EM—made possible tists was grantee Dr. Joachim Frank of Columbia Stroke. Rosbash’s work has also been supported by by the three winners—are allowing us to make University. He, along with Dr. Jacques Dubochet the National Institute on Aging, National Institute unprecedented advances in areas from our of the University of Geneva and University of on Drug Abuse and National Heart, Lung, and basic understanding of cellular processes to the Basel, Switzerland, and Dr. Richard Henderson of Blood Institute. NIGMS also supported Hall’s work, development of new vaccines.” Cambridge University, was honored for the devel- providing more than $7 million in funding. opment of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), which both simplifies and improves the imaging “This work is a great example of how studying of biomolecules. The Royal Swedish Academy of fundamental biological processes in model Sciences said, “This method has moved biochemis- organisms such as fruit flies reveals important try into a new era.” principles that translate into a deeper under- standing of human biology and disease,” said For many years, scientists have known that living NIGMS director Dr. Jon Lorsch. organisms, including humans, have an internal, bio- logical clock that helps them anticipate and adapt With respect to the chemistry prize, knowing to the regular rhythm of the day. Hall, Rosbash and the structure of a molecule reveals important infor- Young aimed to discover how that clock works. mation about how it functions and can provide They used fruit flies to isolate the gene called insight into potential drug targets for fighting period that controls the normal biological rhythm disease. Cryo-EM is a method used to image frozen of the day. Clock genes contain instructions for biological molecules without the use of struc- making clock proteins, whose levels rise and fall ture-altering dyes or fixatives or the need to coax in a regular cyclic pattern. The researchers went the molecules into crystalline form, providing a ON THE COVER: Streptococcus pyrogenese bound on to discover that PER, the protein encoded by simpler way to generate pictures of the molecules to a human neutrophil period, accumulated during the night and was in their normal states and greater understanding IMAGE: NIAID degraded during the day. Their discoveries explain of biological function. With cryo-EM, researchers how plants, animals and humans adapt their can advance understanding of life’s chemistry and The NIH Record biological rhythm so that it is synchronized with develop pharmaceuticals. the Earth’s revolutions. Since 1949, the NIH Record has been published “The work of these [chemistry] Nobel laureates biweekly by the Editorial Operations Branch, Our clocks influence alertness, hunger, has been game-changing in our understanding Office of Communications and Public Liaison, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. For editorial policies, email editor or phone (301) 496-2125. Editor: Rich McManus [email protected] Associate Editor: Carla Garnett [email protected] Staff Writers: Eric Bock • [email protected] Dana Talesnik • [email protected] Subscribe via email: Follow: [email protected] http://nihrecord.nih.gov/

Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps

The NIH Record is recyclable as mixed paper.

Dr. Michael W. Young Dr. Michael Rosbash Dr. Jeffrey C. Hall Dr. Joachim Frank PHOTO: ROCKEFELLER UNIV. PHOTO: MIKE LOVETT/ PHOTO: BRANDEIS UNIV. PHOTO: EILEEN BARROSO/ BRANDEIS UNIV. COLUMBIA UNIV.

NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 • 3 ★ ★ ★ “We decided the only way to get through this was to be optimistic, to assume the best, to stay cheerful and to stay busy and I know all of this in the end has made a difference for Jeff. We didn’t dwell on the bad stuff; we were always looking ahead.”

~JUDY WOODRUFF

★ ★ ★

Woodruff and her husband,Bloomberg Jeffrey now lives in a group home in View columnist Al Hunt, who were juggling Westminster, Md., where staff provide demanding journalism jobs while raising round-the-clock support. Some are graduate three children, suddenly were thrust into the students who have education costs defrayed NINR director Dr. Patricia Grady presents role of caregivers. They had to do every- while gaining invaluable experience working Woodruff with a memento of Woodruff’s talk. thing for Jeffrey: urinary catheters every in the health care field. PHOTOS: MARLEEN VAN DEN NESTE few hours, medicines throughout the day, “I see what they provide,” Woodruff said. dressing, bathing, assistance with feeding “I know the amount of work it takes to take Woodruff and mobility. care of Jeffrey and the other individuals, CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 “Once we got over the shock of what had and it is jaw-dropping. It is extraordinary, happened, we determined ourselves to make the work they do...I think it doesn’t get the delivered the keynote recently at a 2-day Jeffrey’s life as positive as possible,” said appreciation it deserves.” NINR Science of Caregiving Summit in Woodruff. They got him the best wheelchair, Grateful for access to resources she knows Natcher Bldg. Her oldest child Jeffrey, now hired speech, physical and occupational many Americans do not have, Woodruff said 35, was born with mild cases of spina bifida therapists and tried a range of treatments. she has met and heard the concerns of many and hydrocephalus, conditions that were “We decided the only way to get through parent-caregivers during her advocacy work kept largely under control until one fateful this was to be optimistic, to assume the best, around the country. “And I think our country day in his teens. to stay cheerful and to stay busy and I know needs to do a much better job of recognizing As a child, Jeffrey needed some extra all of this in the end has made a difference for the role of caregivers [who] have to be not help. His conditions left him with learning Jeff,” Woodruff said. “We didn’t dwell on the only thanked but celebrated.” issues and frequent incontinence; he also bad stuff; we were always looking ahead.” Often physically and mentally exhausting, needed physical therapy. But he was a smart, Jeffrey’s condition took a toll on the caregiving is a labor of love that plays a vital adventurous child who loved to swim and ski entire family. While they strove to remain role in treatment and recovery. It has been and did well in school, recounted Woodruff. positive, Woodruff said she regrets not taking receiving increased attention from research “Despite our frantic worries, Jeffrey time to grieve what they had lost. “We just and policy communities, but more needs to thrived,” she said. “He grew to be a little boy leapt over the grieving process and jumped be done. we couldn’t even keep up with.” ahead to how we were going to make the best More research is needed to improve As a teen fascinated with science, Jeffrey of it,” she said. “It’s important to acknowl- the health and quality of life for caregiver began interning across the HHS agency edge the sadness and the loss.” and patient alike, said NINR director Dr. circuit, first with the CDC, then NCI. He’d Woodruff said Jeffrey understood what Patricia Grady, who introduced Woodruff just begun interning at FDA when every- happened to him but never spent much and welcomed attendees to the caregiving thing changed. time looking back. Determined to continue summit. There are effective interventions, At age 16, Jeffrey underwent routine his studies, he graduated from high school she said, to improve the informal caregiver’s surgery, but something went awry. He with the daily help of a hired companion to knowledge and physical health and reduce emerged with impaired vision, speech and get him around and assist with his school the burden, anxiety and depression that memory and was unable to walk. work. He went on to graduate from com- often afflict caregivers. “He was never to be the same person, munity college and then completed a 4-year Said Woodruff, “[It’s important to make] except on the inside,” said Woodruff, who residential program at a school in North the American people aware—not that there has since become an advocate for people Carolina for students with physical disabil- aren’t many already aware due to personal with disabilities and their caregivers. ities. “There was not a dry eye anywhere circumstances...that this is a field that “Jeffrey was still the social being he’d always around on that commencement morning in deserves our respect, recognition and indeed been...but he now required a lot of help to 2010,” said Woodruff. our celebration.” get through the day.”

4 • NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 Stetten Lecturer Amaro Sheds When p53 isn’t working properly, cells are at high risk for cancer. Defective versions of p53 are associ- Belshe To Give Light on Shape-Shifting ated with more human cancers—about 50 percent Chanock Lecture Proteins of them—than any other malfunctioning protein. As Infectious disease and a result, many researchers, including Amaro, seek immunology physician Scientists have long sought to visualize the detailed to reactivate mutant p53 as a way to develop new and researcher Dr. structures and movements of proteins in real time anti-cancer treatments. Robert Belshe will within living cells. deliver the NIAID By simulating the movements of p53, Amaro This year’s DeWitt Stetten Jr. Lecture will feature Robert M. Chanock and her team identified a pocket in the protein’s Memorial Lecture at one of the leaders in this emerging field: Dr. core that only opens when the protein’s shape Rommie Amaro, a professor in the department 9 a.m. on Tuesday, shifts. Finding this pocket helped to explain how a Oct. 24. His talk, of chemistry and biochemistry at the University potential new drug, now in clinical trials, produces of California, San Diego. Her talk is titled “What Happened to its anti-cancer effect. Amaro and her colleagues the Superior Efficacy of the Live-Attenuated “Computing Cures: Discovery Through the Lens suspected that the pocket might also provide a of a Computational Microscope.” The lecture will Influenza Vaccine and Where Do We Go from foothold for a small molecule that could restore Here?” will take place in the Bldg. 50 first-floor occur on Wednesday, Oct. 25 at 3 p.m. in Masur function to mutant p53 proteins. Auditorium, Bldg. 10. It is sponsored by NIGMS and conference room. is part of the NIH Director’s Wednesday Afternoon To see if they could find such a therapeutic small Belshe, who served as an infectious diseases Lecture Series. molecule, Amaro and her group computationally fellow under Chanock, is currently the Dianna tested thousands of small molecules, analyzing the For decades, scientists and J. Joseph Adorjan endowed chair of ability of each to fit into p53’s pocket. The scientists infectious diseases and immunology, emeritus, have captured the then conducted laboratory experiments on 45 of detailed, 3-dimen- at Saint Louis University Medical Center. He the molecules that, based on computational predic- previously designed and led pivotal clinical sional images of tions, appeared most likely to bind in the pocket. crystallized proteins. research—including trials of live-attenuated influ- These images have Based on these experiments, one small molecule enza vaccines—as director of an NIAID vaccine provided invaluable stood out as having the greatest potential to and treatment evaluation unit, first at Marshall information about rehabilitate cancer-causing mutant p53. Building University in Huntington, W.Va., and then at thousands of proteins. on this discovery, Amaro and her team developed Saint Louis University. His laboratory is currently But they show proteins dozens of small molecules that reactivated p53. researching live-attenuated respiratory virus only in one position— This work formed the basis for a biotech startup, vaccines to protect against respiratory syncytial paralyzed unnaturally Actavalon, Inc., to translate these findings into a virus, parainfluenza and influenza. within a crystal. new anti-cancer drug. Belshe will discuss why the efficacy of the State-of-the-art cellular imaging techniques allow Amaro’s team is beginning to model the move- live-attenuated influenza vaccine has declined researchers to see the movement of individual ments of ever larger and more flexible structures. over the past two decades. A 1998 study molecules within a cell. But currently, the tools can Recently, her group simulated how p53 behaves showed the vaccine had significantly improved only track rather slow movements, not the flip of a as a tetramer bound to different sequences of efficacy in children compared with the inac- protein from one form to another, which occurs in DNA. This work showed how p53 can change its tivated influenza vaccine, but recent studies trillionths of a second. “grip” on DNA depending on the DNA sequence. no longer show the live-attenuated vaccine to The project also revealed the roles of all portions be a superior option. Belshe will explore the Amaro and her colleagues are combining existing of the p53 molecule. This information sheds light potential effects of changes in manufacturing techniques and developing new ones to create on how p53 does its job and opens new avenues methods and the natural evolution of influenza detailed images of proteins as they move and for drug discovery. viruses on the reduced efficacy of the vaccine. morph. The scientists then validate the accuracy He also will present an overview of vaccines in of their computational predictions using labora- Amaro leads two NIGMS-supported resources development that show promise of improved tory experiments. at UCSD. She directs the National Biomedical efficacy against influenza. Computation Resource and co-directs the Drug The work promises to deepen our understanding Design Data Resource. Belshe has received numerous honors for of the ever-active world within cells. It might also his research accomplishments, including the point the way to new treatments for countless Amaro received her B.S. in chemical engineering in Academy of Science of Saint Louis Outstanding diseases. For example, the simulations might 1999 and her Ph.D. in chemistry in 2005, both from Communicators Award. In 2005, he was also indicate a way to restore the normal functioning of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. named to the Scientific American list of 50 a protein that, when faulty, causes disease. That’s In 2016, Amaro was named the American Chemical Leaders Shaping the Future of Technology the goal of one of Amaro’s projects. She focuses on Society Kavli Emerging Leader in Chemistry and for his work on novel approaches to influenza the p53 protein. also received the Corwin Hansch Award, which is vaccination. A major function of p53 is to prevent cancer. given annually to a scientist under the age of 40 The lecture honors the late virologist Chanock, Normal versions of p53 detect damaged DNA— who contributes significantly to the field of com- who worked at NIAID for more than 50 years, which can cause cancer—and prevent it from being puter-aided drug design. Amaro also received a including more than 3 decades serving as chief passed on to a new generation of cells. 2010 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases. Among and Engineers and a 2010 NIH Director’s New other accomplishments, Chanock was the first In its active form, four molecules of p53 are linked Innovator Award. to identify respiratory syncytial virus in humans together into a structure called a tetramer. The p53 as well as several parainfluenza viruses. He also tetramer acts as a clamp that grabs onto specific For more information on the lecture or for reasonable accommodation, contact Jacqueline collaborated in developing a rotavirus vaccine, genes and shuts down cell division. By blocking an adenovirus vaccine, a monoclonal antibody to cell division, p53 prevents any DNA mutations from Roberts at [email protected] or (301) 594-6747. prevent respiratory syncytial virus disease and the being passed to a new generation of cells. first nasal spray influenza vaccine.

NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 • 5 At this year’s relay, racers (l) show off jovial spirits before taking off from a new starting point, CC’s south entry (c). At right, runners labor along the new course.

PHOTOS: MARLEEN VAN DEN NESTE

Relay D’Amico, an animal care technician with Many relay runners said they hike CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 NEI. “I have not trained for this. I’m just or bike or hit the gym regularly to stay the last runner of each team had to run up an doing this for fun.” in shape. Amanda Crinks with NCI’s incline to the finish line. But one team that did train, quite rigor- Hemoglobintrotters said they all run regu- “It was tough but fun,” said Dr. Tom ously, showed up ready to win and had the larly, just not usually together. Bulea, a biomechanics scientist who ran fastest time 2 years running. NIA’s Charm And some came purely for fun to jog with team RM Dangerous. “This course was City NeuRUNS finished the relay with a time or walk the course, such as CSR’s Snailin’ shorter, but it was hard to pace. I wish the of 6:56. The second and third place teams, Along and Baby Got Track. CSR director Dr. finish wasn’t uphill!” NICHD’s Running Gels and NIDCD’s Hertz Richard Nakamura also participated with His teammate Rachel Eisenfeld, a pedor- So Good, finished just two seconds apart, some of his deputy directors on a team called thist who works in the CC’s rehabilitation clocking in at 7:38 and 7:40. Review Directives. medicine department, agreed. “It would’ve “Beginning in May, we ran together twice “We usually walk a lot,” said Nikon been hard to sprint the whole time,” she said. each week,” said Dr. Mark Hill-Coston, an extramural “You had to plan your speed.” Mattson, a senior investigator Top Ten Finishers support assistant from Each runner traveled 500 meters around and lab chief at NIA who Charm City NeuRUNS 6:56 Snailin’ Along. “We’ve never the Clinical Center’s south lawn and 10-H ran with and coached the done this before so we’re parking lot before passing the baton to 1 of NeuRUNS. Every Wednesday Running Gels 7:38 excited in a don’t-fall-on- 5 teammates. The usual Bldg. 1 course was before work, they’d do an Hertz So Good 7:40 your-face kind of way.” longer, at 800 meters per runner, but on early morning high-intensity NCATS Me If You Can 7:57 NIAID’s Pox Jox have mostly level ground. run at a nearby high school been running the relay every “It was really fun. The ramp going uphill track. On weekends, they did a Blood, Sweat and Swole 7:58 year since the relay began, at the end was quite challenging, but we want 90-minute trail run at differ- Law School Rejects 8:05 with rotating members. Said some challenge in a short run,” said Trinh ent state parks in Baltimore. Gene Team Supreme 8:08 Pox Jox’s newest member, Pham, a researcher in NCI’s pathology lab “Some of the research in postbac Shira Glushakow- and member of team Volleyball JJIRT. His my lab is aimed at under- FABulous ReMeDy 8:11 Smith, “It was a lot of fun to teammates work at different ICs but play standing the cellular and Wurtz Possible Runners 8:35 do non-lab stuff, relax with volleyball together on campus after work molecular mechanisms by Volleyball JJIRT 8:38 my section and represent three times a week. which exercise benefits brain my institute.” Another team from multiple ICs was health,” said Mattson. “Such As in years past, the relay Cirque de Sore Leg, a group of contractors mechanisms are fully engaged in these was sponsored by the R&W Association who raced together for the first time. “It creative and productive postbac and postdoc and ORS’s Division of Amenities and was great to get outside for a bit,” said Kyle fellows on my relay team this year.” Transportation Services.

From left, finishing first was NIA’s Charm City NeuRUNS (from l) Keelin Moehl, Yuki Kishimoto, Nate Ghena, Coach Mark Mattson, David Freeman and Aileen Rivell; placing second was NICHD’s Running Gels (from l) Fabio R. Faucz, Laura C. Hernández-Ramírez, Giampaolo Trivellin, Andreas Giannakou and Edra London. In third place was NIDCD’s Hertz So Good (from l) Christian Faaborg-Andersen, Connor Hill, Czarina Ramos, Nora Welsh and Randall Harley.

6 • NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 Volkow PHS Commissioned Corps Confers with Deploys to Hurricanes President of Iceland When Hurricanes Harvey and Irma—the only NIDA director category 4 Atlantic storms to ever hit the U.S. in Dr. Nora Volkow the same year—made landfall, members of the met with Iceland Public Health Service Commissioned Corps went President Gudni into action. Th Johannesson on Oct. 3 at In response to Harvey, more than 500 officers Bessastadir, the from 21 federal agencies made ready. Three of official residence them were from NIH: CDR Angel Garced, an NEI of the president, nurse consultant; LCDR Tameka Kastner, a safety where the and occupational health specialist in the Office of two discussed the Director; and LT Neil Barranta, clinical nurse the science of manager at the Clinical Center. substance use disorders. Volkow Garced and Barranta were assigned to federal was in Iceland medical stations as direct care providers, while to participate Kastner assumed the role of safety officer in the in the Society NIH’ers responding to Harvey and Irma incident command system. They were among of Alcoholism and Other Addictions’ (SAA) included (from l) CDR Angel Garced, LCDR 40th Anniversary Conference on Drug Addiction 79 PHS officers initially deployed for 2 weeks in Tameka Kastner and LT Neil Barranta. Treatment and formal opening of the new SAA Houston. treatment center in Reykjavik. Her presentation The NIH’ers were later mobilized to several locations in west Florida, including Fort Myers and Sarasota was titled “Addiction Is a Chronic Brain Disease— What We Know Today.” The SAA is an NGO that County in response to Irma. Some of the PHS officers were also assigned to a Disaster Medical Assistance is the leading provider of addiction treatment and Team to provide a variety of health care services. addiction medicine services in Iceland.

PHS Ceremony Promotes 24 Lalonde, CAPT Marissa Miller, CAPT Lawrence Engineer Officers—Promoted to Commander: Nelson, CAPT Michaele Smith, CAPT Pamela Leo Angelo Gumapas, Andrew Yang; promoted to Officers Stratton, CAPT Eric Wasserman, CDR Jennifer Pope Lieutenant Commander: Phuong Vo

The 15th annual Public Health Service Commissioned New Calls to Active Duty Officers: LT Anahita Scientist Officers—Promoted to Commander: Corps promotion took place recently at Natcher Agharahimi, LT Lonice Carter, LTJG Ashante Sims Mark Miller; promoted to Lieutenant Commander: Conference Center. NIH takes time each year to Iman Martin celebrate and acknowledge the accomplishments Commissioned Officer Student Training and of corps officers, who continue to carry out the PHS Extern Program: ENS Kathryn Peterson Environmental Health Officers—Promoted to mission to protect, promote and advance the health Lieutenant Commander: Brian Czarnecki Medical Officers—Promoted to Captain: Stephen and safety of our nation. This year, 24 officers were Hewitt; promoted to Commander: Christopher Pharmacy Officers—Promoted to Captain: Jinhee promoted. Additionally, newly retired, new calls to Ramsden, Mark Roschewski Lee, Elizabeth Yuan; promoted to Commander: active duty and student training/extern program Matthew Kirchoff; promoted to Lieutenant officers were recognized. Nurse Officers—Promoted to Captain: Margarita Commander: Marleen Tran Velarde; promoted to Lieutenant Commander: : RADM Deborah Wilson, Newly Retired Officers Jamie Cherup, Michelle Holshue, Raven Health Services Officers—Promoted to Captain: CAPT Kirk Druey, CAPT Michael Eckhaus, CAPT McGlotten, Margaret Whelpley; promoted to Tiffany Edmonds, Josef Rivero, Janet Valdez; Thomas Eggerman, CAPT Michele Evans, CAPT Lieutenant: Jamie Lawson promoted to Commander: Rafael Torres-Cruz; pro- John Hsiao, CAPT Chad Koratich, CAPT Francois moted to Lieutenant Commander: Nicole Pascua

NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 • 7 Stress is a significant amount of data and anecdotal CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 experience to tell us that something real here is happening and there’s reason to invest The data suggest that stress levels have more in this research. What we cannot afford been increasing, both speakers said, with is to allow the typical 7, 10 or more years for Collins calling stress “a national affliction” a proven intervention to percolate through and Murthy citing two major causes—“the into clinical practice.” He urged that the shift to a more relentless, 24/7 work entire array of anti-stress tools be viewed culture” and “a change in social engagement with an eye to wherever they could be used. and interaction. More awareness in the public and among “Our world, and our country in particular, policymakers of the stress problem, and even are full of people with thousands of friends “a major cultural shift in how we think about on Facebook and Twitter who live in densely and address stress,” may be needed. populated condo buildings and busy cities, Other anti-stress approaches that who are profoundly alone,” Murthy said. “In Murthy and Collins discussed include one survey, one-quarter of the respondents regular exercise, “which is far more said they didn’t have a single person they important than we understood and can could confide in about a personal problem.” function as an acute and chronic antide- Social media cannot replace in-person con- pressant.” They also touched on music, nections, he added, and can actually make Murthy gained insights from a listening tour. with Collins referring to NIH’s partnership us feel worse when we compare ourselves in the Sound Health initiative and Murthy PHOTOS: ANDREW PROPP to what is really “a fictionalized or partial noting music’s “powerful ability to change version of others’ lives.” Money challenges, yogi sitting cross-legged on the floor for how we perceive the world and to activate relationship/family issues and health hours and hours. the relaxation response.” problems also pile on the stress. Is there a “Over time, we have learned that Finally, they urged attendees to pay more way to lighten the load? meditation can be powerful in inducing a attention to self-care. Murthy entreated Murthy emphasized social connection, relaxation response,” Murthy added. It’s health care providers specifically: “We’ve including reaching out in the workplace. being used more and more in the Veterans all seen those old cartoons of doctors telling However, other tools offer support, too. Administration health system, including their patients not to smoke, while they’re “Sleep is when our brain regenerates and with post-traumatic stress; a growing smoking themselves. We’re doing that with forms memories and our body tissues heal. number of meditation programs are stress—we’re­ telling people to relax and take When we don’t sleep enough, it impairs our cropping up across the country, including it easy, get sleep, etc., while we ourselves as clinicians are running ourselves ragged and w w w paying no attention to the profound impact. We need to lead by example and to change “Like all things, prevention is better than cure the culture in the country, starting with our if we can get there early enough.” own culture of medicine.” Murthy urged listeners to be concerned ~DR. VIVEK MURTHY not only about their own stress, but also w w w that of others. “When someone deals with emotional trauma and stress and it results ability to make decisions, learn and heal in schools. The benefits that educators in acts of violence, it affects all of us. When and hormonal disturbances occur.” Collins report, he said, include better academic we have unchecked stress leading to greater added, “You lose your sense of wanting to performance, improved behavior, fewer levels of addiction in our country, that affects be creative­—you just want to get through suspensions and lower teacher absenteeism. all of us. When stress and emotional discord the day. For an institution like NIH, where “Like all things,” Murthy said, “prevention prevent us from being able to come together our future depends on our creativity, this is better than cure if we can get there early and talk about big problems and come to [sleep-deprivation situation] is the wrong enough. Getting to kids early [with skills to solutions—that, too, affects all of us. We have thing, but it seems to happen too often.” handle chronic stressors] is, to me, the most to think about how we can help to [relieve] Meditation “has been shown to be incred- important form of prevention.” stress for people around us...Reaching out to ibly important and helpful when it comes When discussing research on the bio- build connections based on compassion and to stress, [but] sometimes gets subjected to logical effects of meditation, Murthy said, kindness can have a profound effect.” misconceptions and stereotype,” Murthy “There is not as much research, or high-qual- The full lecture is available at continued. “I have often said that meditation ity research, on meditation as on other https://videocast.nih.gov/Summary. has a serious branding problem, because interventions like medications for diabetes asp?Live=24968&bhcp=1 and https://www. people think you’re talking about an Indian or hypertension...but we have what I believe facebook.com/nih.nccih.

8 • NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 DIGEST

Disease Resistance Spread NIH Researchers Uncover Drain dye typically used to visualize brain blood vessels damaged by diseases such as multiple sclerosis Successfully from Modified to Pipes in Our Brains or cancer. The dye molecules are small enough to Wild Mosquitoes By scanning the brains of healthy volunteers, leak out of blood vessels in the dura but too big researchers at NIH saw the first, long-sought to pass through the blood-brain barrier and enter Using genetically other parts of the brain. modified (GM) mos- evidence that our brains may drain some waste quitoes to reduce out through lymphatic vessels, the body’s sewer At first, when the researchers set the MRI to see or prevent the system. The results further suggest the vessels blood vessels, the dura lit up brightly and they spread of infectious could act as a pipeline between the brain and the could not see any signs of the lymphatic system. diseases is a new but immune system. But, when they tuned the scanner differently, the rapidly expanding “We literally watched people’s brains drain fluid blood vessels disappeared and the researchers saw field of investigation. into these vessels,” said Dr. Daniel Reich, senior that dura also contained smaller but almost equally Among the chal- investigator at NINDS and senior author of the bright spots and lines that they suspected were lymph vessels. The results suggested that the dye lenges researchers study published online in eLife. “We hope that face is ensuring our results provide new insights to a variety of leaked out of the blood vessels, flowed through the that GM mosquitoes neurological disorders.” dura and into neighboring lymphatic vessels. can compete and “These results could fundamentally change the mate with their wild Reich is a radiologist and neurologist who primarily uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) way we think about how the brain and immune counterparts so the system inter-relate,” said NINDS director Dr. desired modifica- to investigate multiple sclerosis and other neuro- Researchers engineer Walter Koroshetz. tion is preserved logical disorders thought to involve the immune GM mosquitoes to system. Led by and spread in the compete and mate with postdoctoral fellows Monoclonal Antibodies Against wild population. their wild counterparts. Investigators at Dr. Martina Absinta Zika Show Promise in Monkey Johns Hopkins and Dr. Seung-Kwon Study University have engineered GM mosquitoes to Ha, along with have an altered microbiota that suppresses human researchers from Using blood samples from an individual previously malaria-causing parasites. These GM mosquitoes NCI, the team dis- infected with Zika virus, scientists funded by NIAID preferred to mate with wild mosquitoes and covered lymphatic have developed an antibody-based Zika virus Scientists saw evidence passed along the desired protection to many vessels in the dura, therapeutic that protected monkeys from infec- that brains may drain waste the leathery outer tion. Because generations of offspring. via lymphatic vessels. coating of the brain. monoclonal The research was funded by NIAID. The work is antibodies are reported in Science. Lymphatic vessels are part of the body’s cir- generally safe, culatory system. In most of the body they run they believe that The researchers genetically modifiedAnopheles alongside blood vessels. They transport lymph, a mosquitoes, which in nature spread the malar- this antibody colorless fluid containing immune cells and waste, cocktail might ia-causing parasite Plasmodium. The team caged to the lymph nodes. Blood vessels deliver white equal numbers of wild and GM mosquitoes and be appropriate blood cells to an organ and the lymphatic system for uninfected monitored their breeding over 10 generations. removes the cells and recirculates them through Zika virus particles (red) pregnant shown in African green Ninety percent of the offspring in each generation the body. The process helps the immune system women; because monkey kidney cells passed along the GM trait. Even when combining detect whether an organ is under attack from 10 percent GM with 90 percent wild mosquitoes, the antibodies bacteria or viruses or has been injured. will likely cross the placenta, the researchers hope the Plasmodium-resistance trait dominated after a few generations. Importantly, the GM mosquitoes In 1816, an Italian anatomist reported finding that administration during pregnancy may protect maintained their resistance to the malaria parasite lymphatic vessels on the surface of the brain, but both the pregnant woman and the fetus from Zika for 7 years. for two centuries, it was forgotten. Until recently, virus. The investigators are hoping to test this researchers in the modern era found no evidence concept by pursuing studies in people. The group also showed that the change in the of a lymphatic system in the brain, leaving some The scientists isolated immune cells from the microbiota resulted in a mating preference among puzzled about how the brain drains waste and the GM and wild mosquitoes. GM males showed patient’s blood and used them to make 91 monoclo- others to conclude that the brain is an exceptional nal antibodies—immune system fighters designed a preference for wild females and wild males pre- organ. Then in 2015, two studies of mice found ferred GM females; these preferences contributed to bind to a specific part of an invading virus or bac- evidence of the brain’s lymphatic system in terium to stop the infection. They identified three to the spread of the desired protective trait within the dura. Coincidentally, that year, Reich saw a the mosquito population. antibodies that bound to Zika virus surface proteins presentation by Dr. Jonathan Kipnis, a professor and each neutralized the virus. The researchers then The authors note that work was conducted in at the University of Virginia and an author of one administered a combination of these antibodies a laboratory setting and that more research is of the mouse studies. to rhesus macaques and exposed the animals to needed to determine if what they observed in the “I was completely surprised,” said Reich. “In Zika virus one day later. During the 21-day study, laboratory also will occur under natural conditions. medical school, we were taught that the brain all 4 monkeys who received the antibody cocktail Nevertheless, the study suggests that mosquitoes has no lymphatic system. After Dr. Kipnis’s talk, I showed no virus replication. can be genetically modified to compete in nature thought, maybe we could find it in human brains?” with wild populations and spread resistance to Researchers at the University of and the the malaria-causing parasite. If implemented, To look for the vessels, Reich’s team used MRI to Scripps Research Institute led the project with this strategy could eventually result in decreased scan the brains of five healthy volunteers who collaborators in Brazil and the U.S. The work was disease transmission to humans. had been injected with gadobutrol, a magnetic reported in Science Translational Medicine.

NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 • 9 MILESTONES

Sheehan Named NLM Deputy her neuroscience Sorlie has had a distinguished research and postdoctoral training administrative career, leading a wide range of Director at the University epidemiology research studies, including serving Jerry Sheehan was recently named deputy director of Texas and the as project officer for the Framingham Heart Study of the National Library of Medicine. National Institute of for 11 years and initiating the Hispanic Community Mental Health, where Health Study/Study of Latinos, the largest “I have personally known Jerry for over 15 years she used animal longitudinal health study in the U.S. with a diverse and find in him creativity, wise counsel and clear models to explore representation of Hispanic/Latino heritage groups. thinking,” said NLM director Dr. Patricia Flatley the neural circuitry He has had over 150 publications and received Brennan, who made the appointment. “Upon my of communication. numerous awards, including multiple NIH Merit arrival to NLM, I was delighted to reconnect with She then joined Awards and NIH Director’s Awards. him and to work together on integrating data the department of science and open science into the NLM portfolio.” psychological and In addition to his research, Sorlie was a lecturer and brain sciences at the course director at the FAES Graduate School at NIH During his more than University of Iowa. from 1990 to 2010. He has been a mentor to scores 10 years as assistant of trainees and staff, some here for short visits, As a professor there Dr. Amy Poremba director for policy for 16 years, she others who have continued long and productive development at NLM, conducted research careers at NHLBI. He also participated in commu- Sheehan has made on auditory central nervous system processing nity volunteer activities during this time. major contributions and communication. Her research focused on the to the development neurobiology of auditory processing, learning and NINDS Mourns Former Chief of and implementation memory to guide translational efforts aimed at Neurosurgery Oldfield of policy related improving care for people with impaired hearing BY SHANNON E. GARNETT to open science, or neurological disorders. While at the University public access to of Iowa, Poremba also served as director of the government-funded Dr. Edward Hudson Oldfield, former chief of the behavioral and cognitive neuroscience division, Surgical Neurology Branch (SNB) in the NINDS information, clinical where she managed student curricula, graduate trials registration Division of Intramural Research, died on Sept. 1. He program training, faculty and student recruitment was 69 years old. and electronic health and graduate student mentoring. records. He has built Jerry Sheehan Oldfield was a highly creative neuroscientist relationships with NHLBI Branch Chief Sorlie and neurosurgeon who led research programs key NLM partners, that changed the modern surgical treatment of including health sciences librarians and informatics Retires After 48 Years people with pituitary tumors in Cushing’s disease, researchers. From September 2015 to January Dr. Paul Sorlie, chief of the Epidemiology Branch in with brain and spinal cord tumors in von Hippel- 2017, he was detailed to the White House Office the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, will retire Lindau disease and with spinal arteriovenous of Science and Technology Policy as assistant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute malformations. director for scientific data and information; he on Oct. 27 after 48 years of service. worked to develop public access policies at all “Dr. Oldfield was always an inspiration to me,” said federal science agencies. Sorlie received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees Dr. John Heiss, SNB chair and residency program from the University of Minnesota, in mathematics director. “Throughout his life, he successfully Prior to joining NLM, Sheehan served for 6 years and biometry respectively. From 1965 to 1967, balanced neurosurgery, science, professional as principal administrator/senior economist in the he served in Ghana leadership, social relationships and family life and science & technology policy division of the Paris- as a Peace Corps was a model for aspiring physician-scientists. based Organisation for Economic Co-Operation volunteer teaching He aided the research endeavors of scientific and Development, where he led an international high school mathe- colleagues and mentored young neurosurgeons. team of researchers and policy makers focusing matics. He came to His motivation to make significant scientific and on science and innovation, data science and open the then National medical advances never waned. I join his family, science. At the National Research Council of the Heart and Lung friends and colleagues in celebrating his life and National Academies of Science, Engineering and Institute in 1969 as a mourning his death.” Medicine, he served as study director on reports Public Health Service sponsored by NLM: one on the privacy and security Born in Mt. Sterling, Ky., Oldfield received his commissioned officer, undergraduate education at the University of of electronic health data and another on health working as a statisti- applications of the Internet. Kentucky as a physics major and after 3 years cian for the landmark entered medical school in 1969. He earned his Sheehan holds both a master’s degree in tech- Framingham Heart medical degree from Kentucky in 1973 and nology and policy and a bachelor’s degree in Study. completed his general surgical residency training electrical engineering from the Massachusetts In 1971, he took a at Vanderbilt University Hospital in 1975. He then Institute of Technology. 2-year break from NIH spent a year as a visiting registrar in neurology and and lived in Uganda Dr. Paul Sorlie neurosurgery at the National Hospital for Nervous Poremba Joins NIDCD as to develop and Disease in Queen Square, London, before begin- Program Director implement protocols and techniques to evaluate ning neurosurgical residency training at Vanderbilt. performance of a maternal and child health project Dr. Amy Poremba has joined NIDCD as a program Prior to coming to NIH, he spent a year in private in Kampala. He returned to NHLBI in 1973 and has neurosurgical practice in Lexington, Ky. director in the Division of Scientific Programs. worked tirelessly to advance research in cardio- She will manage extramural programs supporting vascular epidemiology ever since. It is also during Oldfield joined NIH in 1981 as a senior staff fellow research on hearing and balance. his tenure at NHLBI that he obtained his doctoral in the SNB working on the cellular immunology of Poremba earned her Ph.D. in biological psychology degree in epidemiology at Johns Hopkins School of tumors. He became chief of the clinical neuro- from the University of Illinois. She completed Public Health. surgery section in 1984 and SNB chief in 1986.

10 • NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 VOLUNTEERS

From 1987 to 2007, he also was on the faculty at Healthy Adults Sought Georgetown University Medical Center, serving as a clinical professor in the department of neurosurgery. NHLBI study team seeks healthy adults for a research study. Researchers are studying cells In 2007, Oldfield retired from full-time government taken from the lungs of healthy individuals to service to become the Crutchfield chair in neurosur- compare to cells taken from individuals with gery and a professor of neurosurgery and internal asthma and other lung diseases. Compensation medicine at the University of Virginia. There he is provided for participation. For more informa- contributed to the department of neurosurgery tion, call 1-866-444-2214 (TTY 1-866-411-1010). research program and led a multidisciplinary effort in Read more at http://go.usa.gov/xKtBk. Refer to the treatment of pituitary tumors. study 99-H-0076. Even while at UVa., Oldfield continued to visit NIH Flu Vaccine Study Recruits Healthy periodically as a clinical collaborator—training and Volunteers mentoring NIH neurosurgeons and neurosurgery residents. He fostered the career development of his Vaccine Research Center researchers seek fellows and other trainees, many of whom achieved healthy volunteers, 18-70 years old, for an inves- tenured positions and chairmanships in neurosurgery tigational influenza vaccine study. Scientists departments in the U.S. and internationally. are testing new vaccines to determine if they are safe and effective in preventing the flu. Among his many research accomplishments, Oldfield Compensation is provided. For more informa- developed a new drug-delivery technique—called tion, call 1-866-833-5433 or email vaccines@ convection-enhanced delivery—for treatment of nih.gov. Read more at https://go.usa.gov/ central nervous system diseases, including brain xNH7U. Refer to study VRC316. tumors, Parkinson’s disease and lysosomal storage Above, Dr. Edward Oldfield in one of NIH’s diseases. His laboratory developed gene therapy for Have Hepatitis B? surgical suites; below, a more recent portrait malignant brain tumors and he directed the first clin- courtesy of the University of Virginia ical trial of gene therapy within the central nervous Do you have chronic hepatitis B? Researchers system. His research led to new insights into how are testing whether taking an oral antiviral and Chiari l malformation (a structural defect in the base peg-interferon injection together is safe and of the skull and cerebellum) caused syringomyelia, better controls the hepatitis B virus as com- a finding that improved treatment of the condition. pared to taking only one of the medications. (Syringomyelia is a disorder in which a fluid-filled Study-related tests, procedures and medication cyst forms within the spinal cord.) are at no cost. For more information, contact the Office of Patient Recruitment, 1-866-444- Oldfield’s research on cerebral vasospasm (narrow- 2214 (TTY 1-866-411-1010). Read about the ing of the brain’s blood vessels that can cause stroke) study at http://go.usa.gov/x9nSt. Refer to after a ruptured brain aneurysm led to clinical trials 15-DK-0082. of novel agents to treat it. RSV Vaccine Study Needs Healthy Throughout his career, he received numerous honors including a Public Health Superior Service Volunteers Award for “successfully managing the SNB, NIAID researchers seek healthy volunteers, training academic neurosurgeons and advancing 18-50 years old, for an investigational vaccine the understanding of the biology of brain tumors” study targeting respiratory syncytial virus and the Grass Medal for Meritorious Research (RSV). Compensation is provided. For more in Neurological Science from the Society of information, call 1-866-833-5433 (TTY 1-866- Neurological Surgeons. 411-1010). Email [email protected] or visit Oldfield also received the Farber Award from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) http://bit.ly/2nOkOvY. for his brain tumor research, the Cushing Award for Technical Excellence and Innovation in Neurosurgery Study of Hereditary Stomach Cancer and AANS’s highest honor, named for the father of modern neurosurgery—the Harvey Cushing Medal—for his many years of outstanding leadership, dedication and contributions to neurosurgery. NCI researchers need volunteers with hereditary stomach cancer or at risk of hereditary stomach UK’s Medical Alumni Association recognized Oldfield as “the quintessential clinical scientist” who made cancer for a clinical study at the Clinical Center. “remarkable contributions to the understanding of the nervous system and the practice of neurosurgery.” This study investigates hereditary forms of Oldfield served on the editorial boards of neurosurgical journals, including co-chair of theJournal of stomach cancer and the genes that may cause Neurosurgery from 2001 to 2002 and associate editor from 2009. He served as vice-president and pres- them. All study-related tests and procedures ident of the Society of Neurological Surgeons. He authored more than 500 scientific and clinical articles are provided at no cost. For more information, and was co-inventor of patents on convection-enhanced drug delivery and genetic therapy. call the Office of Patient Recruitment, 1-866- 444-2214 (TTY 1-866-411-1010). Read more “Ed’s contributions have advanced neuroscience and medicine in fundamental and critical ways,” said Dr. online: https://go.usa.gov/xX78F. Refer to study Russell Lonser, professor and chair of the department of neurological surgery at Ohio State University. “His 17-C-0043. legacy will endure through his family, the patients’ lives he improved, the important biologic discoveries he made and those fortunate enough to have trained and/or worked with him.” Oldfield is survived by his wife Susan and his daughter Caroline. His family welcomed colleagues and trainees to their home, creating life-long friendships that extended beyond science and medicine.

NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017 • 11 SEEN

NIAMS Summer Interns in translational research,” Reflect on Experiences explained a returning intern. “Eye-opening,” “influential” and “Being a part of the NIAMS “invaluable” were among the many enhanced the experience expressions that the NIAMS 2017 as everyone was invested in summer interns used when reflect- making me a better scientist ing on their experiences. This past and pushing me to strengthen summer, senior investigators in my laboratory, networking and the NIAMS intramural research communication skills,” said program spent 2 months mentor- another student. ing and providing career guidance The NIAMS Summer Research to 17 students from universities Program provides outstanding across the . From training opportunities for high attending lectures and symposia school, undergraduate, graduate to conducting basic and clinical and medical students. Students research, each intern encountered can apply online at https:// unique opportunities for growth. www.training.nih.gov/pro- “These past two summers grams/sip. The application for 2017 summer interns with Dr. Robert Walker (c, back row), chief of the have played a pivotal role in summer 2018 will be available in NIAMS Career Development and Outreach Branch, and Dr. Stephanie my decision to pursue a career mid-November. Mathews (r, back row) scientific program manager

NIAMS Hosts Ectodermal Dysplasias Workshop NIAMS recently convened a meeting on ectodermal dysplasias (ED). This group of more than 180 genetic disorders results from defects in the ectoderm—the outer layer of cells—of the embryo. ED affects the Innovative Research Presented at Poster Day development or function of the teeth, hair, More than 300 research posters representing projects undertaken by NIH Summer Research Program skin, nails and sweat glands. Topics discussed participants filled several display areas within Natcher Conference Center at a poster day on Aug. 10. Among included ED classification, cellular defects the presenters were Louis Wang (l), a sophomore at , and James Xu (second from l), a and early diagnosis. Workshop participants freshman at Columbia University. Both worked this summer in the infrared imaging and thermometry unit, included (bottom row, from l) Drs. Timothy a trans-NIH intramural resource at NIBIB, on using mobile phones to monitor certain aspects of health. With Wright, Rena D’Souza, Isaac Brownell of help from NIBIB mentors Drs. Aleksander Gorbach (third from l) and Alexandr Smirnov (r), NIBIB unit chief, NIAMS’s Dermatology Branch and Mary Fete; Wang and Xu designed and built a portable video device that enables a mobile phone to monitor the shape (second row, from l) Drs. Clark Stanford, of capillaries in a region close to the fingernail—information that can have implications, for example, about Birgitta Bergendal, Maranke Koster and Holm rheumatic diseases. The method is wireless and offers continuous monitoring of peripheral microcirculation, Schneider; and (top row, from l) Drs. Clayton even when patients are remote from a clinic or doctor. Working with clinical groups from NIEHS and NHLBI, Butcher, conference organizer Maria Morasso, the team created custom software and specially designed attachments for an iPhone 7 to quantify nail chief of the NIAMS Laboratory of Skin Biology, fold capillary density. Hans Prakash, a post-baccalaureate IRTA in the unit who is also a part of the team, is and Timothy J. Fete. working with the clinical groups to evaluate the device at the Clinical Center. PHOTO: DONYA BERHAN PHOTO: RAYMOND MACDOUGALL

12 • NIH RECORD • OCTOBER 20, 2017