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The Life Courses and Careers of Youth Culture Practitioners from Lepakkoluola and the Helsinki Scene of the Early 1980S

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The Life Courses and Careers of Youth Culture Practitioners from Lepakkoluola and the Helsinki Scene of the Early 1980S The Four Stages of a DIY Career: The Life Courses and Careers of Youth Culture Practitioners from Lepakkoluola and the Helsinki Scene of the Early 1980s Juho Hänninen Master Thesis Economic and Social History Faculty of Social Sciences University of Helsinki May 2019 Tiedekunta - Fakultet - Faculty Laitos - Institution - Department Valtiotieteellinen tiedekunta Tekijä - Författare - Author Juho Hänninen Työn nimi - Arbetets titel Pro gradu -tutkielma Title The Four Stages of a DIY Career: The Life Courses and Careers of Youth Culture Practitioners from Lepakkoluola and the Helsinki Scene of the Early 1980s Oppiaine - Läroämne - Subject Talous ja sosiaalihistoria Työn laji/ Ohjaaja - Arbetets art/Handledare - Aika - Datum - Sivumäärä - Sidoantal - Level/Instructor Month and year Number of pages Pro gradu -tutkielma / Antti Häkkinen, Mikko 05/2019 119 s + 21 liites. Salasuo Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract Helsingin Ruoholahdessa sijainnut “Lepakkoluolana” tunnetuksi tullut entinen maalivarasto ja asunnottomien asuntola vallattiin vuonna 1979 nuorten toimeesta. Seuraavien kahden vuosikymmenen aikana ”Lepakko” oli helsinkiläisen omaehtoisen musiikin, taiteen ja muun nuorisokulttuurin kehto. Osa Lepakkoluolan alkuvuosina tilan ympärillä toimineessa skenessä mukanaolijoista kasvoi tilan mukana rakentaen elämänsä ja uransa kulttuurin parissa oman toimijuutensa varassa ilman koulutuksen ja muiden yhteiskunnallisten instituutioiden tarjoamaa vetoapua. Tutkielmani selvittää kuinka nuorisokulttuurin toimiin osallistuminen muodostuu elämänikäiseksi työuraksi nuorisokulttuurin ja muun kulttuurin tuottamisen parissa. Niin sanottu DIY career -keskustelu (”tee se itse -ura”) on tuore avaus nuoriso- ja alakulttuurien tutkimuksessa ja nivoutuu nousemassa olevaan akateemiseen kiinnostukseen nuorisokulttuuriin osallistumisen ja ikääntymisen suhteesta. Tutkielman keskeinen menetelmä on elämänkulkuanalyysi, jossa elämänkulun viiteen periaatteeseen – toimijuus, linkittyneet elämät, ajoitus, kumuloituvuus, historiallinen aika ja paikka – yhdistyy epifanian kaltaiset itseymmärryksen hetket omasta elämästä. Työ nivoutuu myös muistitietotutkimuksen perinteeseen, joka lähestyy haastatteluin tuotettua aineistoa haastateltavien omana kokemuksena tapahtuneesta. Aineisto puretaan osiin ja järjestetään uudelleen käyttäen grounded theoryn tarjoamia välineitä aineiston koodaukseen, kategorisoimiseen ja selittämiseen. Tutkielman primääriaineistona toimii viiden henkilön seitsemän elämänkulkuhaastattelua. Sekundaariaineistona hyödynnetään kahta kirjaa, joissa Lepakkoluolaan ja Radio Cityyn osallistujat ovat itse äänessä. Tutkielman tuloksena voidaan sanoa DIY careerin muotoutuneen neljän toisiaan seuraavan elämänkulun tason kautta. Ensimmäinen, ”first contact”, tapahtuu lapsuuden ja teini-iän aikana, kun henkilö tutustuu nuorisokulttuuriin ja mahdollisesti sen tekemiseen. Toinen, ”immersion”, tapahtuu varhaisaikuisuudessa, kun henkilö alkaa osallistumaan nuorisokulttuuriin ja sen tuottamiseen kasvavissa määrin samalla, kun etsii paikkaansa yhteiskunnassa. Kolmas, ”realisation”, tapahtuu, kun henkilö saa – suhteellisen – säännöllisen ja kokonaisvaltaisen roolin nuorisokulttuuriin tuottamiseen liittyvässä työpaikassa. Neljännen, ”maintenance”, tason aikana henkilö jatkaa ja ylläpitää elämäänsä aikaisemman elämänkulkunsa pohjalta. Avainsanat - Nyckelord Nuorisokulttuuri, DIY career, Lepakkoluola, elämänkulku Keywords Youth culture, DIY career, Lepakkoluola, life course Tiedekunta - Fakultet - Faculty Laitos - Institution - Department Faculty of Social Sciences Tekijä - Författare - Author Juho Hänninen Työn nimi - Arbetets titel Master thesis Title The Four Stages of a DIY Career: The Life Courses and Careers of Youth Culture Practitioners from Lepakkoluola and the Helsinki Scene of the Early 1980s Oppiaine - Läroämne - Subject Economic and Social History Työn laji/ Ohjaaja - Arbetets art/Handledare - Aika - Datum - Sivumäärä - Sidoantal - Level/Instructor Month and year Number of pages Master thesis / Antti Häkkinen, Mikko Salasuo 05/2019 119 p. + 21 appendix p. Tiivistelmä - Referat - Abstract A former warehouse and shelter for the homeless was occupied in Helsinki in 1979. The place became known as Lepakkoluola (‘Batcave’) and served as a central space for the Helsinki music, art and other youth culture scenes. For the following two decades, the space hosted a variety of culture. Some of the participants of the space’s early years grew with the space and developed lives and careers in the production of youth and other culture. Their life courses were constructed via their own agency without the help of particular training or other societal institutions. This thesis asks how participation in youth cultural practices has formed into a life-long career in culture. The so-called concept of DIY (‘do-it-yourself’) career is a recent opening in the research of youth culture and subcultures. Through this concept, the thesis reflects a growing academic interest in how youth culture participation relates to ageing. The central method of the study is life course analysis and its five principles: agency, accumulation, timing, linked lives and the historical time and place. The work treats the data produced by interviews as oral history, which emphasises the interviewees own experience of the events they relate. The data has been deconstructed and reconstructed with the help of grounded theory’s tools for coding, categorisation and explication. The primary data for this study is seven interviews by five interviewees. The secondary data is provided by two books books in which the voices of participants in Lepakkoluola and Radio City are heard. The study reveals that a DIY career is made up of four consequential life-course stages. The first stage, or ‘first contact’, happens during childhood and adolescence when the person becomes acquainted with youth culture and possibly with youth cultural practices. The second, or ‘immersion’, happens in emerging adulthood as the person begins to increasingly participate in youth culture while at the same time looking for their place in society. The third stage, or ‘realisation’ happens when the person gets a – more or less – fully-fledged and stable form of employment in the production of youth culture. In the fourth stage, ‘maintenance’, the person continues and maintains their life course based on the earlier stages. Avainsanat - Nyckelord Nuorisokulttuuri, DIY career, Lepakkoluola, elämänkulku Keywords Youth culture, DIY career, Lepakkoluola, life course 1 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4 2 Historical Background and Previous Research ............................................................ 12 2.1 Historical Background .......................................................................................... 12 2.2 Previous Research ................................................................................................. 15 3 Framing and Defining the Research Questions ............................................................ 21 4 Theoretical Framework and Key Concepts .................................................................. 22 4.1 On the Concept of Subculture ............................................................................... 22 4.2 Post-Post-Subcultural Studies ............................................................................... 26 4.3 Theoretical Alignment of Thesis and Key Concepts ............................................ 28 4.4 Giddens’ Structuration Theory and Agency ......................................................... 31 5 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 32 5.1 Life Course Analysis ............................................................................................. 32 5.2 Interpetive Oral History ........................................................................................ 35 5.3 Informed Constructivist Grounded Theory ........................................................... 36 5.4 Methodology in Practice: Analysis in Ten Steps .................................................. 38 6 Data .............................................................................................................................. 39 6.1 Primary Data ......................................................................................................... 39 6.2 Secondary Data ..................................................................................................... 41 6.3 Anomymity, and Legal-Ethical Considerations .................................................... 42 7 Analysis: Four Stages of a DIY Career ........................................................................ 43 7.1 First Stage – ‘First contact’ or Acquaintance with Youth Culture ........................ 44 7.1.1 Beginning to Listen, Play and Produce Popular Music .................................. 45 7.1.2 Other Leisure Activities ................................................................................. 48 7.1.3 Basic Schooling .............................................................................................. 50 7.1.4. Conclusion and Implications for Transition to Second Stage ....................... 51 7.2 Second Stage – ‘Immersion’ in Youth Culture Practices and Life Course Agency ....................................................................................................................................
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