DOCSLIB.ORG

The Inside by Linked to Politicians – Including a Way Through Murder, Drug and Hu- in Government Institutions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Inside by Linked to Politicians – Including a Way Through Murder, Drug and Hu- in Government Institutions SPECIAL REPORT The NEW LAW SEALS LOOPHOLES IN ELECTORAL PROCESS — Pages 14 & 19 SUPPLEMENT LEnhancingink governance for all THE PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EU NOVEMBER 2011 Issue No. 085 Kshs 40/= — Pages 15 - 18 Kenya risks being InsIde Is Bungoma ready for self a captured state government? By THE LINK WRITER —Pg. 4 ENYANS are seen to have a “business-as-usual” approach President Kibaki Kto corruption, but a new re- orders ministers port published by the International Peace Institute shows that our ex- to revive KPCU treme tolerance to impunity is having —Pg. 9 devastating consequences and is, in fact, undermining the State’s legiti- macy. Kibunjia assures Endemic corruption and powerful transna- Kenyans election tional criminal networks have entrenched state violence institutions and eroded public confidence in them, says the report by International Peace —Pg. 13 Institute. Peter Gastrow, the author of the report titled “Termites at Work: Transnational Or- State changes ganised Crime and State Erosion in Kenya” says that rampant corruption within the Police tact in race Force, the Judiciary and other State institu- against Aids tions has allowed criminals to penetrate politi- cal institutions. —Pg. 23 Powerful criminal networks with links to Parliament currently pose a big threat to the creation of laws, policies and regulations Bee keeping in that could help curb money laundering and Mwingi faces drug trafficking. Governments that lack the capacity or the political will to counter such imminent collapse penetration, he says, run the risk of becoming “captured states” – that is, states whose gov- —Pg. 27 ernment structures have become captives of Prof. George Saitoti, Internal Security Minister uncontrolled corruption. If this goes unchecked, he warns, the crimi- “Militia groups in Somalia have started to profit KARI releases wheat nal networks could penetrate the East African varieties resistant to Community and cause havoc in neighbouring from drugs trafficked into Kenya. The port of countries as well. stem rust This could result in the kind of lawlessness Kismayu in southern Somalia is used to import —Back Page 8 Turn to Page 2, Col. 1 drugs into Kenya.” Africa struggling to meet rising education demand By THE LINK WRITER cent of children who want to enroll in sec- higher education. 2009, says to UNESCO. With more and ondary education in sub-Saharan Africa. She added that “an educated population more children attending and complet- THE global demand for secondary edu- “There can be no escape from poverty is a country’s greatest wealth,” and that the ing primary-level education, demand for cation has risen exponentially, says a new without a vast expansion of secondary edu- inequalities presented in the report, espe- places in secondary education has risen United Nations report, which adds that cation,” said UNESCO Director-General cially in relation to girls’ exclusion from by leaps and bounds. governments, especially in sub-Saharan Irina Bokova. “This is a minimum entitle- secondary education, have enormous impli- Yet, the agency adds, a child in the last Africa, are having a hard time keeping ment for equipping youth with the knowl- cations for the achievement of development grade of primary school only has at best a up and many children are being left out. edge and skills they need to secure decent targets, from child and maternal health and 75 per cent chance of making the transi- The 2011 Global Education Digest, livelihoods in today’s globalized world.” HIV prevention to environmental security. tion to lower secondary school in about released by the Institute for Statistics In many ways, secondary education is Globally, secondary schools have been 20 countries, the majority of which are in of the UN Educational, Scientific and a bridge for young people from the world accommodating almost 100 million more sub-Saharan Africa. The region also has Cultural Organization (UNESCO), says of school to the world of work, or a bridge students each decade, with the total number there are only enough seats for 36 per between primary education and continuing growing by 60 per cent between 1990 and 8 Turn to Page 2 Col. 5 The Link, November 2011 2 GOVERNANCE Kenya risks being a captured state From page 1 gle drugs, counterfeits and other il- licit commodities through the port of Mombasa. that has turned many countries, such l During the first nine months of as Mexico and Colombo, into mur- 2010, at least 10 small arms sei- derous, violent places where drug zures were reported on Garissa road lords and criminals hold organs of en route to Nairobi from Somalia. the State hostage, a scenario that is The UN’s Dadaab refugee camp in just too horrific to imagine. northern Kenya is sometimes used The following highlights from as a storage facility by arms smug- the report are most worrying: l glers. Increased volumes of heroin from l Corrupt staff at the Dadaab refu- Pakistan and Iran, and cocaine from gee camp is involved in human Latin America, are being transmit- trafficking and the sale of “slots” ted through Kenya. At least 10 ma- for refugees wishing to migrate to jor international drug trafficking South Africa, Europe and the United networks, headed mainly by West States. Africans, but also involving Ken- l Eastleigh in Nairobi is East Af- yans, are responsible for the bulk rica’s hub for the smuggling of mi- of the cocaine and heroin trafficked grants and the trafficking of women into and through the country. l and children. About 50 girls, mainly Drug money is increasingly being from Somalia are trafficked every used to attain positions of influence, week from north-eastern Kenya to particularly in politics. l Nairobi. Militia groups in Somalia have l In 2010, a staggering $2.1 bil- started to profit from drugs traf- lion found its way into the economy ficked into Kenya. The port of Kis- without the government being able mayu in southern Somalia is used to to explain its source. import drugs into Kenya. l l Funds laundered from Kenya Kenya is the biggest market for sometimes end up with al Shabaab counterfeit goods from India and in Somalia. Kenya’s security forces display their arsenal China. If no action is taken, there is l A Kenyan cartel comprising will be at the helm, making laws to current reforms in the Judiciary special police taskforces to investi- a huge risk that State institutions suit themselves and bribing their could restore the public’s confidence gate these crimes and taking drastic current and former MPs, activists will be eaten up from the inside by linked to politicians – including a way through murder, drug and hu- in government institutions. action against those involved in cor- criminal elements. As a result, the man trafficking, sale of illicit arms However, these reforms must be ruption. prominent businesswoman – and legitimacy of the State will be un- customs personnel are working and a whole range of criminal activi- accompanied by far-reaching steps Unfortunately, the government dermined. ties. to counter crime, corruption and im- appears unwilling – for whatever with a network of Chinese, Somali Kenya will crumble as criminals and Pakistani criminals to smug- The report recognises that the punity, including the appointment of reason – to take these steps. Africa Nacada cracks the whip struggling to By LUKE KAPCHANGA THE National Agency for the Cam- meet rising paign Against Drug Abuse (NACA- DA) has embarked on a rigorous education exercise to nab violators of the Al- coholic Drinks Control Act 2010. demand According to Aggrey M. Buse- From page 1 na, who is the acting National Co- ordinator of NACADA, the agency a shortage of secondary school is carrying out random inspection teachers. of outlets selling alcoholic drinks, At the same time, sub-Saha- manufacturers and importers of al- ran Africa has made the greatest coholic substances to ensure com- gains of all regions, with gross pliance with licensing regulations enrolment ratios rising from 28 including operating hours and pack- per cent to 43 per cent for lower aging. secondary and from 20 per cent “We are undertaking sampling to 27 per cent for upper second- ary education between 1999 and analysis of the quality of alco- and 2009. holic drinks being sold to the public “Nevertheless, more than countrywide in the swoop,” he said, 21.6 million children of lower adding that through the exercise, secondary school age remain the agency seeks to develop and excluded from education across validate guidelines for promotion/ the region and many will never advertising of alcoholic drinks. even spend a day in school,” The exercise being undertaken states UNESCO. through the Rapid Response Initia- Girls are the hardest hit by tive by NACADA has also incorpo- this inequality, the report says. rated public education campaigns In sub-Saharan Africa, the en- through meetings, dissemination of UNDER ARREST: The agency is carrying out random inspection of outlets selling alcoholic drinks. rolment ratio for girls in lower IEC materials, sensitization forums secondary education is 39 per and mass media. “So far, our teams have visited most operators flout the law in the l Failing to observe public health cent compared to 48 per cent “Our teams are in the field Starehe, Kamukunji, Makadara, following ways: standards including provision of for boys. conducting random inspections of Embakasi, Langata, Njiru, Kasara- l Selling without licenses clean toilet facilities, medical cer- Sub-Saharan Africa is the alcohol manufacturing and selling ni, Westlands, Dagoretti and Athi l Outlets retaining patrons in their tificates, etc. only region in which the gender premises. Those who are found to River”, he added. premises so that they may drink out- He urged operators who have disparities against girls are get- be flouting the provisions of the Act A total of 24 persons (11 male, side licenced hours not complied with the requirements ting worse at the upper second- will face the law,” he said.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Implementing a Mobile Diagnostic Unit to Increase Access to Imaging and Laboratory Services in Western Kenya
    Practice Implementing a mobile diagnostic unit to increase access to imaging and laboratory services in western Kenya Roshni Dhoot,1 John M Humphrey,2,3 Patrick O'Meara,3,4 Adrian Gardner,2,3 Clement J McDonald,5 Kelvin Ogot,6 Sameer Antani,5 Joseph Abuya,7 Marc Kohli8 To cite: Dhoot R, Humphrey JM, O'Meara P, et al. Implementing ABSTRACT Summary box a mobile diagnostic unit to Access to basic imaging and laboratory services remains a increase access to imaging major challenge in rural, resource-limited settings in sub- and laboratory services in ► Access to basic imaging and laboratory services Saharan Africa. In 2016, the Academic Model Providing western Kenya. BMJ Glob Health in rural, resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan 2018;3:e000947. doi:10.1136/ Access to Healthcare programme in western Kenya Africa is limited, particularly in areas facing a high bmjgh-2018-000947 implemented a mobile diagnostic unit (MDU) outfitted with burden of tuberculosis. a generator-powered X-ray machine and basic laboratory ► In 2016, the Academic Model Providing Access to Handling editor Seye Abimbola tests to address the lack of these services at rural, low- Healthcare programme implemented a mobile diag- resource, public health facilities. The objective of this paper nostic unit (MDU) with a generator and wireless digi- Received 11 May 2018 is to describe the design, implementation, preliminary tal radiography which has taken over 4500 X-rays to Revised 8 August 2018 impact and operational challenges of the MDU in western date, detecting abnormalities in approximately 30% Accepted 9 August 2018 Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Mumias Settlement Into an Urban Centre to Circa 1940 Godwin Rapando Murunga
    The evolution of Mumias settlement into an urban centre to circa 1940 Godwin Rapando Murunga To cite this version: Godwin Rapando Murunga. The evolution of Mumias settlement into an urban centre to circa 1940. Geography. 1998. dumas-01302363 HAL Id: dumas-01302363 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01302363 Submitted on 14 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THE EVOLUTION OF MUMIAS SETTLEMENT INTO AN URBAN CENTRE TO CIRCA 1940 BY GODWIN RAPANDO MURUNGA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE AT KENYATTA UNIVERSITY IFRA 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 IFRA001481 No. d'inventaire Date te0 Cote August 1998 .1 •MS,Har,f..42G. , , (1. R Y 001 l°\1)..j9". E DECLARATION This thesis is my original work, and to the best of my knowlehe, has not been submitted for a degree in any university. GODWIN RAPANDO MURUNGA This thesis has been submitted with my approval as a University supervisor. .4010 PROF.ERIC MASINDE ASEKA iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my wife Carolyne Temoi Rapando and to my sons Tony Wangatia Rapando and Claude Manya Rapando for their patience and constant understanding during the long years of working.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Support for Orphaned Children in Busia Township: Challenges and Prospects
    SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR ORPHANED CHILDREN IN BUSIA TOWNSHIP: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS BY NETONDO WEPO MISIKO A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY MASENO UNIVERSITY ©2017 DECLARATION I declare that this work has not been previously submitted for a degree at Maseno or any other University. The work reported herein was carried out by me and all sources of information have been acknowledged. Netondo Wepo Misiko Reg. No. EL/ARM/00265/2012 Signature…………………………… Date……………………… This Project Report has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Supervisor Dr. Omondi Ahawo. Department of Sociology and Anthropology Maseno University Signature…………………………… Date……………………… ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my appreciation first and foremost to Mr and Mrs Gunner Ischir (Sigrid Zumbach and Gunner Ischir) of Baden Young Men Christian Association (YMCA), Germany, for the financial support and encouragement. Dr. Omondi Ahawo of the School of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, Maseno University who was the course coordinator and my supervisor, for the encouragement and friendly engagement to ensure that I complete this undertaking. Dr. F. Ikanda, the Chair of the Department, for his invaluable guidance, my colleagues, Diida and Sylvia and the faculty in general, thank you all. This work is a reflection on how I would have loved to be supported as an orphan at the age of 8 months and tries to capture realities lived by Orphaned and Vulnerable Children in our communities. Lastly, Iwish to express sincere gratitude to my respondents who provided information for the study, specifically Matayos Sub-County children‟s officer who availed the sampling frame and guided me to locate the beneficiaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Long-Term Impacts of Youth Investments in Kenya on Economic Preferences Pre-Analysis Plan
    The Long-Term Impacts of Youth Investments in Kenya on Economic Preferences Pre-Analysis Plan AEA RCT Title: Experimental Evidence on Child Health and Long-run Outcomes in Kenya RCT ID: AEARCTR-0001191 Principal Investigators: Livia Alfonsi (University of California, Berkeley), Michal Bauer (CERGE-EI and Charles University), Julie Chytilová (Charles University and CERGE-EI), Edward Miguel (University of California, Berkeley), and Michael Walker (University of California, Berkeley) Date: July 11, 2019 Appendix: KLPS-4 I Module Survey Instrument 1 Summary: This document outlines the plan for analyzing the long-term impacts of a series of child and adolescent health, skills and financial investments on a set of fundamental economic preferences. Our primary analysis will study the 20-year impacts of a randomized school deworming program in western Kenya using data from the fourth round of the Kenya Life Panel Survey (KLPS-4). The deworming analysis builds on that of Baird et al. (2016), using different outcome variables. The fourth round of KLPS was launched in 2018 and is currently ongoing. KLPS-4 also serves as the 10-year follow-up of a vocational training voucher program, and the 5-year follow-up of a cash grant program, and we analyze the impacts of these programs as a secondary analysis. The analysis outlined here will be split into five groups of outcomes: (1) time preference, (2) decision- making under uncertainty, (3) pro-social behavior, (4) anti-social behavior, and (5) preference for truth- telling. To measure preferences, we use experimentally validated survey measures or incentivized tasks. This document lays out the main regression specifications and outcome variable definitions that are intended for use for the long-term impacts analysis of these five groups of outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Vocational Education Voucher Delivery and Labor Market Returns: a Randomized Evaluation Among Kenyan Youth
    Vocational Education Voucher Delivery and Labor Market Returns: A Randomized Evaluation Among Kenyan Youth Report for Spanish Impact Evaluation Fund (SIEF) Phase II Joan Hamory Hicks, Michael Kremer, Isaac Mbiti, and Edward Miguel April 2011 Abstract This report describes the ongoing Technical and Vocational Vouchers Program (TVVP) in Kenya and provides early results from the intervention. Implementation began in 2008 with the recruitment of approximately 2,160 out-of-school youths (ranging in age from roughly 18 to 30). Study participants were drawn from the Kenya Life Panel Survey, an unusual on-going panel dataset of detailed educational, health, and cognitive information for over 7,000 adolescents in western Kenya. Of the 2,160 youths that applied to the TVVP, a random half were awarded a voucher for vocational training, while the other half served as the control group. Of the voucher winners, a random half were awarded a voucher that could only be used in public (government) institutions, while the other half received a voucher that could be used in either private or public institutions. The project also included a cross-cutting information intervention, which exposed a randomly selected half of all treatment and control individuals to information about the actual returns to vocational education. This report focuses on program take-up, the demand for vocational training and the impacts of the information intervention on institution and course selection, participant attendance, the short-term impacts of training on labor market expectations and outcomes for a representative subset of program participants, and training center characteristics. The report also provides some suggestive evidence on the supply-side impacts of the program.
    [Show full text]
  • Echo and Pine
    Get Your Kicks at the 50th June 2-5, 2016 Echo and Pine 1 Letter from the President Dear Members of the Classes of 1966: On this noteworthy anniversary, it is my great pleasure to welcome you, the trailblazing members of the Classes of 1966, back to campus. From my conversations with many of you and from the memories you share in the following pages, it is apparent that the social and political upheavals of the mid-1960s – and their expressions on campus – substantially shaped your worldviews and your lives. Equally apparent is the collective sense of the Colleges’ impact on the way in which your Classes navigated those turbulent times, from the attentiveness and care of the faculty and administration, to the camaraderie of the student body, to the thought-provoking nature of the coursework. As we join together in celebrating with you this Golden Jubilee, perhaps most apparent is the remarkable success of the Classes of 1966, not only in spite of the changing national landscape 50 years ago, but also because of it. Through the burgeoning Civil Rights movement and the Vietnam War, through the Cold War and the advent of the Internet, through the 9/11 attacks and increasing globalization, your classes have thrived in this changing world and helped shape it – as doctors and educators; business and religious leaders; attorneys and musicians; service-members in law enforcement and the military; Fulbright winners and world-travelers; local, national and international volunteers; and parents and grandparents. On behalf of our faculty, staff and students, I thank you for joining us this weekend and for your indelible contributions to your communities, your country and your alma maters.
    [Show full text]
  • Kcse History Pp1 Revision
    [email protected] HISTORY KCSE PP1 REVISION 1995-2018 QUESTIONS &ANSWERS (FOR MORE SIMPLIFIED E-RESOURCES) (CALL/TEXT/WHATSAPP 0705525657) 311/1 HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT Paper 1 Oct./Nov. 1996 2 ½ hours SECTION A (25 Mks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided Give two functions of the council of elders among the Akamba during the pre –colonial period. (2mks) State two factors which made it possible for the Arab traders to come to the Kenya coast before 1500. (2mks) Identify one contribution of John Krapf to the spread of Christianity in Kenya during the nineteenth century. (2mks) FOR MORE SIMPLIFIED E-RESOURCES CONTACT 0705525657 1 [email protected] Name the company which administered Kenya on behalf of the British government up to 1895 (1mks) Identify two factors which enabled the white settlers to establish farms in the Kenya Highlands during the colonial period. (2mks) Give two factors which led to the establishment of urban centres in Kenya during the colonial period. (2mks) State two objectives of the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA) Identify two ways in which the trade union movement contributed to the struggle for independence in Kenya. State two results of the development of railway transport in Kenya during the colonial period. (2mks) Name two African nationalist parties whose leaders attended the Lancaster House Conference. (2mks) Give two reasons why the District Focus for Rural Development was established in Kenya. (2mks) FOR MORE SIMPLIFIED E-RESOURCES CONTACT 0705525657 2 [email protected] Name two parastatal organizations in Kenya that fall under the ministry of Transport and Communication.
    [Show full text]
  • County Integrated Development Plan 2018-2022 Departmental Visions and Missions Were Inspired by These Aspirations
    BUSIA COUNTY COUNTY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2018 - 2022 BUSIA COUNTY VISION: A transformative and progressive County for sustainable and equitable development MISSION: To provide high quality service to Busia residents through well governed institutions and equitable resource distribution CORE VALUES: Transparency: We encourage openness in sharing information between the County Government and the public Accountability: We hold ourselves answerable to the highest ideals of professionalism, ethics and competency Integrity: We believe that acting honorably is the foundation of everything we do and the basis of public trust Teamwork: We understand the strength of cooperation and collaboration and that our success depends on our ability to work together as one cohesive team Fairness: We have an open culture and are committed to providing equal opportunities for everyone Honesty: We insist on truthfulness with each other; with the citizens, we expect and value openness Equity: We believe in fairness for every resident in distribution of resources and opportunities ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. xii FOREWORD .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ANPPCAN Annual Report 2019
    The African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect (ANPPCAN) ANNUAL REPORT The African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect Table of Contents 2019: THE YEAR IN BRIEF ..................................................................................................................... 1 ANPPCAN ACTIVITIES IN THE YEAR .............................................................................................. 2 THE PROGRAMMES .......................................................................................................................... 4 EMPOWERING CHILDREN AS ADVOCATES OF THEIR RIGHTS ................................................. 4 ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN ............................................................................................................... 5 Developing and implementing an exit strategy for 15 schools ............................................................ 5 What emerged: ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Strengthening the capacity of the child protection structures to provide quality services to children .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 THE PARENTS ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMME (PEEP) ................................... 11 CHILD HEADED HOUSEHOLDS (CHHS) ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Surgery and Healing in the Developing World
    Surgery and Healing in the Developing World Glenn W. Geelhoed, M.D., FACS Professor of Surgery Professor of International Medical Education Professor of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine George Washington University Medical Center Washington, D.C., U.S.A. L A N D E S B I O S C I E N C E GEORGETOWN, TEXAS U.S.A. Surgery and Healing in the Developing World LANDES BIOSCIENCE Georgetown, Texas U.S.A. 2005 Landes Bioscience Printed in the U.S.A. Please address all inquiries to the Publisher: Landes Bioscience, 810 S. Church Street, Georgetown, Texas, U.S.A. 78626 Phone: 512/ 863 7762; FAX: 512/ 863 0081 While the authors, editors, sponsor and publisher believe that drug selection and dosage and the specifications and usage of equipment and devices, as set forth in this book, are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication, they make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to material described in this book. In view of the ongoing research, equipment development, changes in governmental regulations and the rapid accumulation of information relating to the biomedical sciences, the reader is urged to carefully review and evaluate the information provided herein. Contents Foreword .......................................................................... ix Preface.............................................................................. xi 1. Preparation Time .............................................................. 1 Harvey Bratt 2. Surgery in Developing Countries ...................................... 6 John E. Woods 3. A Commitment to Voluntary Health Care Service .......... 13 Donald C. Mullen 4. International Surgical Education: The Perspective from Several Continents ........................ 18 Glenn W. Geelhoed 5. Medicine Writ Large in the Raw, without Power or Plumbing ............................................ 25 Glenn W.
    [Show full text]
  • Institutions of the Nandi Orkoiyot and Age Set Systems and Their Role in Colonial Resistance in Kenya
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2019): 7.583 Institutions of the Nandi Orkoiyot and Age Set Systems and their Role in Colonial Resistance in Kenya Edwin Kiprop Kemboi1, Samuel A. Nyanchoga2, Melvine C. Lilechi3 1Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA), P. O. Box 62157-00200, Nairobi, Kenya Corresponding author E-mail: edwinkemboi050[at]gmail.com 2Professor of History, Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya E-mail: snyanchoga[at]cuea.edu 3Lecturer, Department of History, Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya E-mail:lilechim[at]cuea.edu Abstract: From the time immemorial, the Nandi community affairs were run through the council of elders in consultation with the seers or prophets. The Nandi community had features of territorial independence and sovereignty as well. However, there is little literature explaining the Nandi traditional security systems before independence. The study attempted to fill the existing gap by investigating the structure and importance of the institution of the Orkoiyot and the age-set system. The study adopted two types of sampling methods, namely the purposive and snowballing. The theoretical framework employed in the study included the structural functionalist theory and social conflict theory. Data collection instruments used in the study included document analysis guide, question guide and focus group discussion guide. The study employed both primary and secondary sources of information. The former was acquired from the archives as well as from oral interviews while the latter was sourced from books and journal articles in several libraries. Since the study was historical, data analysis and presentation was done qualitatively.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY SENIOR TWO BOOK.Indd
    Ministry of Education and Sports HOME-STUDY LEARNING I O N R E S 2 HISTORY August 2020 Published 2020 This material has been developed as a home-study intervention for schools during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to support continuity of learning. Therefore, this material is restricted from being reproduced for any commercial gains. National Curriculum Development Centre P.O. Box 7002, Kampala- Uganda www.ncdc.go.ug SELF-STUDY LEARNING FOREWORD Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, government of Uganda closed all schools and other educational institutions to minimize the spread of the coronavirus. This has affected more than 36,314 primary schools, 3129 secondary schools, 430,778 teachers and 12,777,390 learners. The COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent closure of all has had drastically impacted on learning especially curriculum coverage, loss of interest in education and learner readiness in case schools open. This could result in massive rates of learner dropouts due to unwanted pregnancies and lack of school fees among others. To mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the education system in Uganda, the Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES) constituted a Sector Response Taskforce (SRT) to strengthen the sector’s preparedness and response measures. The SRT and National Curriculum Development Centre developed print home-study materials, radio and television scripts for some selected subjects for all learners from Pre-Primary to Advanced Level. The materials will enhance continued learning and learning for progression during this period of the lockdown, and will still be relevant when schools resume. The materials focused on critical competences in all subjects in the curricula to enable the learners to achieve without the teachers’ guidance.
    [Show full text]