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Gigantochloa Albociliata) the Daily Average Bamboos Provided and Consumed by Fuwa (Male)

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Seminar on Research Methods in Practice Prince of Songkla University 22 May 2018 Foods Choices for Captive Giant Pandas in Zoo Negara, Malaysia Dennis Ten Choon Yung, Rohana Jani, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah, Ridza Azizi Mat Naim Ramli, Yang Haidi, Ahmad Nizam Zainuddin, Akmal Hadi Samsuddin, Noor Hashida Hashim Ministry of Natural Department of Resources and Wildlife and National Environment Parks Giant Panda in Malaysia 22 Mei 2014, MH6460 40th Anniversary Of Diplomatic ties between Malaysia & China Objectives The objective of this study is to determine the food preference among the type of bamboo and supplement. Background - Xing Xing Details Name : Xing Xing (Fu Wa) Sex : Male DOB : 23 Aug 2006 Background- Liang Liang Details Name :Liang Liang (Feng Yi) Sex : Female DOB : 23 Aug 2006 Background - Exhibits • Exhibit area = 1109m2 • 5 dens = 30m2/den Background - Exhibits • Temperature of exhibit ~21oC • Humidity of exhibit from 60% - 67% • Natural sunlight. Methods • Time series data consist of 952 data point starting from 25th May 2014 - 31th December 2016. • The data recorded on daily basis (type of bamboo, weight of bamboo (culms and leaves/branches) – before and after, weight of the each supplement – before and after, weight of faecal and weight of Giant Pandas. Methods • The processed bamboo culms and leaves with branches will be given 6x daily – The bamboo culms aged ~2 years were cut into pieces of approximately 100cm long and 5cm. • The supplement food given are fruits (pear and apple), carrot and panda cake. 9 Species of Bamboos Bambusa vulgaris f. Gigantochloa Dendrocalamus asper. waminii. (B. Botol) albociliata. (B. Madu) (B. Betong) Bambusa vulgaris. (B. Thyrsostachys Bambusa Pagar) siamensis. (B. Siam) heterostachya. (B. Galah) 9 species of bamboos Bambusa vulgaris (B. Bambusa vulgaris cv. Gigantochloa thoii. (B. aur) Vittata (B. aur gading/ beting) kuning ) Methods Bamboo preparation Preparation of culms: - Chopped to smaller pieces - Skinned & split to 4-5 pieces - Weighed and recorded Methods Bamboo preparation Preparation of leaves: Collect fresh/taken from storage room weighed and recorded Methods Bamboo preparation Preparation of bamboo shoot: - Chopped to smaller pieces - Weighed and recorded Bamboo shoot - betong Supplement Pear Panda Cake Honey Pear Apple Carrots All are cut into smaller pieces Methods Leftover Excess leaves, shoots and culms are collected and removed from exhibit and den. Fecal matter will be collected, weighed and recorded. Bamboo Part Consumed by Giant Pandas No Bamboo Culm Leave Shoot 1. Bamboo betong v v v (Dendrocalamus asper) 2. Bamboo aur (Bambusa v v x vulgaris) 3. Bamboo aur gading/ v v x kuning (Bambusa vulgaris cv. vittata) 4. Bamboo beting v v x (Gigantochloa thoii) 5. Bamboo galah (Bambusa v x x heterostachya) Bamboo Part Consumed by Giant Pandas No Bamboo Culm Leave Shoot 6. Bamboo siam x v x (Thyrsostachys siamensis) 7. Bamboo botol (Bambusa x v x vulgaris f. waminii) 8. Bamboo pagar (Bambusa x x x multipex) 9. Bamboo madu x x x (Gigantochloa albociliata) The Daily Average Bamboos Provided and Consumed by Fuwa (Male) 25.0 20.5 20.0 Provided Consumed 15.0 11.5 10.0 Bamboo/Kg 4.7 5.0 4.2 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Betong Aur Beting Galah Gading Siam Botol Pagar Madu Type of Bamboos The Daily Average Bamboos Provided and Consumed by Fengyi (female) 25.0 20.0 19.1 Provided Consumed 15.0 10.0 9.1 Bamboo/Kg 5.0 4.3 2.1 2.3 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Betong Aur Beting Galah Gading Siam Botol Pagar Madu Type of Bamboos The Summary of the Giant Panda food provided and consumed Individual Type of foods Average food Average food Daily provided daily /kg consumed daily /kg consumption Percentage/% Male Giant Bamboo Culm 28.27 17.09 80.47 Panda (FuWa) Bamboo leaves 7.45 2.60 12.24 Bamboo shoot 0.03 0.01 0.06 Total Bamboo 36.02 19.70 92 Supplement 1.70 1.70 8.00 Total food 37.43 21.24 100 Female Giant Bamboo Culm 23.01 11.62 69.07 Panda Bamboo leaves 8.82 3.28 19.52 (FengYi) Bamboo shoot 0.29 0.19 1.15 Total Bamboo 32.12 15.10 89 Supplement 1.88 1.95 11.00 Total food 33.74 16.82 100 The result showed that in average, the male need to consume 16.4% of its body weight daily while the female required 16% of food intake daily. The body weight, total food consumed and faecal output Items Male Giant Panda Female Giant (FuWa) Panda (FengYi) Body weight range (kg) 117 – 138 92 – 127 Average weight (kg) 128.81 105.87 Daily total food consumed 1.60 – 39.37 1.94 – 45.80 range (kg) Daily average total food 21.24 16.82 consumed (kg) Daily faecal output range/kg 3.68- 15.60 0.98 - 16.80 Average daily faecal output 9.85 7.67 (kg) Percentage of daily total food 16.59 16.04 consume/body weight Conclusion • The Giant Pandas consume 7 local bamboo species – Bamboo betong (Dendrocalamus asper), – Bamboo aur (Bambusa vulgaris), – Bamboo aur gading/ kuning (Bambusa vulgaris cv. vittata), – Bamboo siam (Thyrsostachys siamensis), – Bamboo galah (Bambusa heterostachya), – Bamboo beting (Gigantochloa thoii), – Bamboo botol (Bambusa vulgaris f. waminii). • The Giant Pandas have rejected Bamboo pagar (Bambusa multipex) and Bamboo madu (Gigantochloa albociliata). • The Giant Panda maintain daily food consumption of 16% of its body weight. Propose statistical analysis • Maintenance of a stable body mass is often used as an indicator of health • Next, we are proposing – Regression – Relationship between body weight vs bamboo parts/ type of supplement food Acknowledgements • We thank the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for its support and all the staff at Department of Wildlife and National Parks and Zoo Negara for the invaluable assistance. • The Department of Wildlife and National Parks has approved the research with the special permit approval number T-00430- 16-15. • This research is funded by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment through Giant Panda Research Consortium Malaysia leads by Prof Dato’ Dr. Mohd. Tajuddin Abdullah with vote KPGPM-UMT 53161..
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