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08 KJEE-2018-69 정은주.Hwp 한국환경생태학회지 33(1): 86-106, 2019 ISSN 1229-3857(Print) ISSN 2288-131X(Online) Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 33(1): 86-106, Feburary 2019 https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.1.86 희귀식물 꽃장포의 생육환경 특성1 권순식2・황인수2・박완근3・정은주3* Characteristics of Natural Habitats of Rare Species, Tofieldia nuda1 Soonsik Kwon2, In-Soo Hwang2, Wan-Gun Park3, Eun Ju Cheong3* 요 약 우리나라에 자생하는 꽃장포 중 희귀식물종인 꽃장포의 주요 분포지의 기상, 토양, 식생특성을 조사 분석하였다. 꽃장포는 해발고 95~145m 저지대의 북향 하천변과 경사도가 60~90°정도의 가파른 암벽에 주로 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 자생지 기상조건은 연평균온도가 전국평균보다 낮으며, 연중최고, 최저기온의 차가 극심하고 계곡주변으로 강우 시 물이 올라와 있는 곳으로 습도조건이 중요한 요인 중 하나로 파악되었다. 토양은 조사지 대부분이 약산성토양이 고, 한탄강 줄기를 따라 자생지가 이어지지 않고 북북동쪽 사면쪽에서만 나타나 습도조건과 함께 일조량이 생육에 제한요인인 것으로 보였다. 꽃장포 조사지 주변식생은 대부분 조사구에서 돌단풍, 구실사리, 산조풀, 산철쭉 등이 공통 으로 출현하였다. 꽃장포 분포지는 모두 우점도와 군도가 3 이하로 낮게 나타났으며 발견된 개체수가 조사지역별로 편차가 매우 컸다. 꽃장포 출현빈도는 관속식물 수와 반비례하여 나타나 다른 식물에 비해 경쟁력이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 냉온대성식물인 꽃장포는 기후변화로 온도상승과 폭우, 건조로 인해 강물수위변화가 극심해지면서 자생지 축소와 함께 개체 수 감소가 예상되므로 자생지보호와 함께 복원대책이 필요하다. 주요어: 희귀식물, 꽃장포, 자생지특성, 기후변화, 복원 ABSTRACT We investigated the environmental conditions of natural habitats of T. nuda. The species was found on rocky northern hills (60~90°) near the stream where the sea level ranges 95~145m. The average annual temperature of the habitats was lower than other places of South Korea. The differences of the lowest and the highest of the year was significantly huge than any other places. Plants were growing at the edge of stream that water reached but not submerged. Most of plants were found in North, Northeast or Northwest. It is suggested that these species require moist and low sunlight for growth. The common vegetation along with the T. nuda includes Mukdenia rossii, Selaginella rossii, Calamagrostis epigeios, and Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense. The dominance values and sociability of T. nuda were below 3 in all studied habitats and the variance of the number of individuals among the habitats was very high. As the optimum habitats for the T. nuda are decreasing due 1 접수 2019년 1월 2일, 수정(1차: 2019년 1월 18일, 2차: 2019년 1월 28일), 게재확정 2019년 1월 28일 Received 2 January 2019; Revised (1st: 18 January 2019, 2nd: 28 January 2019); Accepted 28 January 2019 2 강원대학교 대학원 산림환경시스템학과 박사과정 Department of Forest Environment System, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea 3 강원대학교 산림과학부 산림자원학전공 교수 Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea * 교신저자 Corresponding author: Tel: +82-33-250-8312, Fax: +82-33-259-5617, E-mail: [email protected] 희귀식물 꽃장포의 생육환경 특성 87 to the extreme precipitation patterns. It is also expected that the number of T. nuda will be decreased in the future. Therefore restoration activity in situ or ex situ must be conducted to conserve this valuable plant species. KEY WORDS: TOFIELDIA NUDA, RARE SPECIES, NATURAL HABITATS, CLIMATE CHANGE, RESTORATION 서 론 M.N.Tamur, Fuse & N.S.Lee로 분류하고 있다. 일반적으로 자생지의 식물 개체군의 크기가 극히 적지거나 감소하여 보전 꽃장포 속 식물은 전 세계적으로 12종, 1아종, 1 변종, 이 필요한 식물은 종의 지리적 분포영역, 서식지의 특이성 정도 1 교배종으로 분류하고 있으며(The Plant List, 2015), 한반 를 고려하여 희귀성을 정하는데 이 종의 분포지는 매우 제한적 도에 분포하는 꽃장포속 식물은 꽃장포(Tofieldia nuda), 숙 이고 발견되는 개체수도 매우 적어 현재 희귀식물로 보호대상 은꽃장포(T. coccinea) 2종과 한라꽃장포(T. coccinea var. 식물종으로 지정되어 있다(Korea Biodiversity Information kondoi), 검은꽃장포(T. coccinea var. fusca)의 2변종으로, system, 2015). 최근에는 무분별한 개발행위와 같은 인위적 이 중 꽃장포와 한라꽃장포는 희귀식물로 지정되어 있다 또는 기후변화와 같은 자연적 요인으로 인해 종의 분포지와 (Korea National Arboretum, 2015). 개체수가 감소하고 있어 이 종에 대한 보전, 복원이 필요한 Kil et al (1998)과 Kim (2012)는 백두산의 수목한계선 실정이나 다른 식물종 조사 시 발견된 보고 또는 분류학적 위의 식생조사에서 숙은꽃장포의 출현과 자생지의 생육환 고찰 (Tamura et al., 2011)을 제외하고 분포나 식물의 생육 경에 대한 보고를 하였으며, Lee et al. (2008)은 춘천지역에 특성에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 강 서 꽃장포를 발견한 보고가 있다. 꽃장포는 산지의 바위틈 원도 홍천강 유역과 한탄강 유역(강원도 철원과 경기도 포 에 살며 강원도 화천, 홍천(팔봉산), 평안북도, 일본에 분포 천지역)의 꽃장포의 분포지와 한라산 내 한라꽃장포의 분포 하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 (Lee, 1996) 이외 일부 지역에서 지의 지형, 토양, 기상 등의 환경특성과 발견된 개체의 생육 꽃장포의 분포지가 발견된 바 있다 (Hwang, 2015). 꽃장포 특성을 조사 분석하였다. 는 T. nuda로 분류하고 있으나 (Lee, 1996), 최근 Tamura et al.(2011)에 의하면 잎 가장자리에 위쪽으로 향하는 돌기 가 있어 거칠고, 잎 끝부분 잎맥이 뚜렷하기 않고 한국에 분포하는 꽃장포를 T. yoshiiana var kanwonensis (T. Yamaz.) Figure 1. Habitats of T. nuda in Gyunggi province (left) and Hongcheon, Gangwon Province (right). 88 권순식・황인수・박완근・정은주 한국환경생태학회지 33(1) 2019 연구방법 기술센터 의뢰). 토양 성분 간 상관관계 분석은 Pearson법을 이용하였으며 SPSS 24 버전으로 통계처리하였다. 1. 조사대상지 3) 식물상과 생육상황 꽃장포가 자생하는 홍천군 홍천강 유역 (강원도 홍천군 모든 조사지는 절벽과 같은 암반 지역으로 근접조사가 서면 팔봉리)과 한탄강 유역 (강원도 철원군 3지역, 포천시 어려워 방형구를 1m x 1m로 최소로 설정하였으며, 한탄강, 6지역)을 대상으로 하였다 (Figure 1). 한탄강은 광주산맥과 홍천강 유역 식물상 조사는 방형구 지점에서 50m이내에 마식령산맥 사이의 추가령열곡 내에 있으며, 철원지역은 상 출현하는 관속식물을 기록하였다. 조사된 자료를 토대로 우 류, 포천지역은 중류에 해당된다. 철원은 넓은 용암지대이며 점도와 군도는 Braun- Blanquet (1964)의 전추정법을 이용 (Jee et al., 2010), 한탄강은 침식된 용암지대로 현무암 협곡 하였다. 식물의 생육형은 휴면형, 산포기관형, 지하기관형 이 있으며, 홍천강은 하곡이 깊고 좁으며 하식애가 발달되어 등으로 분류하였고 (Numata, 1970), 식물구계학적 특정식 있으며 하류구간은 편마암, 중류구간은 화강암, 상류구간은 물 분류 (Kim, 2000; Minister of Environment, 2012), 희귀 변성암과 화강암이 혼재되어 있다(Youn and Lee, 2000). 식물과 특산식물 분류(Korea Biodiversity Information 철원군과 포천시 네 지역을 총 9개 조사구와 홍천강 지역을 system, 2015), 귀화식물 (Park, 2001)을 분류하여 기록하 2014년부터 약 1년 4개월간 주로 6, 7, 8월에 각 지역별로 였다. 2-4회 현지조사를 실시하였다. 조사구에서 발견된 종의 분 류는 Lee (1996)을 따랐고, 국명, 학명은 국가표준식물목록 을 따랐다(Korea Biodiversity Information system, 2015). 결과 및 고찰 2. 조사방법 및 분석 문헌상 꽃장포는 강원도 화천군 사창리에 분포하는 것으 1) 기상 로 알려져 있으나 수 회 조사에도 화천에서는 꽃장포 자생 기상관측자료는 각 조사지역에 가까운 지점에 있는 기상 지를 발견하지 못하였다. 꽃장포가 분포하고 있는 것으로 청 관측지점, 철원 동송읍, 포천 창수면, 홍천 팔봉리 지역의 확인 후 조사한 지역은 강원도 철원군의 동송읍 장흥리(2지 10년간(2005~2014년) 기상자료를 기상청과 국가기후데이 점), 갈말읍 군탄리(1지점), 강원도 홍천군 서면 팔봉리(1지 터센터에서 제공받아 이용하였다 (Korea Metrological 점)와 경기도 포천시의 관인면 냉정리(1지점), 사정리(2지 Administration, 2015, Table 1). 점), 영북면 운천리(1지점), 대회산리(1 지점), 창수면 운산 리(1지점) 등 강원도와 경기도 총 8지역 10지점이었다. 꽃 2) 토양 장포가 출현한 지역을 방위별로 빈도를 분석한 결과 홍천강 조사지 방형구 (1m x 1m) 내에서 꽃창포가 생육하고 있 의 팔봉리에서 북북서향인 것을 제외하고 모두 북향 또는 는 암반의 충적된 토양을 시료로 채취하였다. 자연 건조 후 북북동향인 것으로 나타났다. 주로 북쪽사면은 남쪽사면보 1mm 체로 거른 후 분석에 사용하였다. 토양산도와 전기 다 일조량이 적고 온도가 낮은 미세기후에 차이가 있다. 꽃 전도도는 토양과 증류수를 1:5로 섞은 후 잘 저어주고 1시 장포 분포지가 대부분 북북서, 북북동 또는 북쪽인 것은 이 간 방치 후 전도도측정기로 측정하였으며, 유기물 함량 식물종은 일조량이 적은 주로 북향에 분포하는 것으로 추정 (Tyurin 법), 유효인산 (Lancaster법), 치환성 양이온 (원자 된다. 그리고 꽃장포가 발견된 지점은 물속에 잠겨 있지는 흡광분석기)을 각 측정법에 따라 측정하였다 (포천시 농업 않으나 강우 시 강물 수면이 올라와 닿는 부분으로 특히 Table 1. Ten-year meteorological data, temperature and precipitation, of the survey sites Location Mean Mean Mean lowest Mean temp. Highest Mean Highest Lowest temp. temp. temp of of hottest temp. precipitation precipitation precipitation for 10 yrs of coldest coldest day mon (℃) of hottest for 10 yrs (mm) (mm) (℃) mon (℃) (℃) day (℃) (mm) Chulwon 8.7 Jan, -6.9 Jan, -11.7 Aug, 22.5 Aug, 27.1 1446.6 July, 491.8 Jan, 6.3 Pocheon 10.6 Jan, -6.3 Jan, -13.1 Aug, 25.4 Aug, 31.2 1560.2 July, 535.7 Jan, 11.6 Hongcheon 10.4 Jan, -6.0 Jan, -12.5 Aug, 24.6 Aug, 30.6 1482.7 July, 546.8 Jan, 10.9 희귀식물 꽃장포의 생육환경 특성 89 꽃장포가 생육하는 시기는 강우가 많아 식물체가 물에 닿아 을 하거나 저온에 적응하여 생장발달을 하는 등 적응방식이 있어 생장 시에는 다량의 물을 필요로 하고 생육이 정지된 다른데 (Korner, 2016) 꽃장포의 경우 겨울에 지상부 생장 시기는 수분 공급이 원활하지 않아도 견뎌낼 수 있는 생리 을 멈추고 더운 여름에 생장발달을 하는 추위에 강한 생태 적 특성을 가진 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 극단의 건조 상황 적 특성을 가진 것으로 생각된다. 을 피하기 위해 수분이 잘 마르지 않는 일조량이 적은 북사 2) 토양 면에 분포하는 것으로 생각된다. 일반적으로 식물군집의 분 포는 기후, 토양, 지형과 같은 환경요인에 의해 달라지는데 꽃장포 분포지의 토양 pH는 최저 5.2~ 6.3 정도로 산성이 (Van de Ven et al., 2007) 꽃장포 분포지의 패턴 역시 수분, 었으나 포천의 운산리는 pH 7.6으로 중성-약알카리성이었 일조량과 같은 환경요인에 의해 구분되고 있다. 다. 각 지역 토양의 화학적 성질이 다르게 나타났으며, 철원, 포천의 일부 지역은 유기물 함량이 매우 낮게 나타났고, 산 1. 조사대상지 환경 도가 높았던 운산리의 경우 유기물 함량이 다른 지역보다 높았다 (Table 2). 여러 무기염류의 농도 중 운산리에는 매 1) 기상 우 높은 농도의 칼슘이 포함되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 조사된 지역 모두 가장 추운 달은 1월, 더운 달은 8월이었 토양의 산도는 칼슘 농도와 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타냈으 으며, 강우는 7, 8월에 집중되고 있었다. 꽃장포가 분포하고 며 EC와도 상관관계가 높고, EC와 유기물 함량 간의 상관 있는 세 지역 중 철원은 10년간 평균 온도가 가장 낮은 것으 관계가 높게 나타났다.
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  • LILIUM) PRODUCTION Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Oulu
    BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES VELI-PEKKA PELKONEN IN LILY (LILIUM) PRODUCTION Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Oulu OULU 2005 VELI-PEKKA PELKONEN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN LILY (LILIUM) PRODUCTION Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, for public discussion in Kuusamonsali (Auditorium YB210), Linnanmaa, on April 15th, 2005, at 12 noon OULUN YLIOPISTO, OULU 2005 Copyright © 2005 University of Oulu, 2005 Supervised by Professor Anja Hohtola Professor Hely Häggman Reviewed by Professor Anna Bach Professor Risto Tahvonen ISBN 951-42-7658-2 (nid.) ISBN 951-42-7659-0 (PDF) http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514276590/ ISSN 0355-3191 http://herkules.oulu.fi/issn03553191/ OULU UNIVERSITY PRESS OULU 2005 Pelkonen, Veli-Pekka, Biotechnological approaches in lily (Lilium) production Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland 2005 Oulu, Finland Abstract Biotechnology has become a necessity, not only in research, but also in the culture and breeding of lilies. Various methods in tissue culture and molecular breeding have been applied to the production of commercially important lily species and cultivars. However, scientific research data of such species and varieties that have potential in the northern climate is scarce. In this work, different biotechnological methods were developed and used in the production and culture of a diversity of lily species belonging to different taxonomic groups. The aim was to test and develop further the existing methods in plant biotechnology for the developmental work and the production of novel hardy lily cultivars for northern climates.
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  • Evolutionary Events in Lilium (Including Nomocharis, Liliaceae
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (2013) 443–460 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolutionary events in Lilium (including Nomocharis, Liliaceae) are temporally correlated with orogenies of the Q–T plateau and the Hengduan Mountains ⇑ Yun-Dong Gao a,b, AJ Harris c, Song-Dong Zhou a, Xing-Jin He a, a Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China b Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China c Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078-3013, USA article info abstract Article history: The Hengduan Mountains (H-D Mountains) in China flank the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Received 21 July 2012 (Q–T Plateau) and are a center of great temperate plant diversity. The geological history and complex Revised 24 April 2013 topography of these mountains may have prompted the in situ evolution of many diverse and narrowly Accepted 26 April 2013 endemic species. Despite the importance of the H-D Mountains to biodiversity, many uncertainties Available online 9 May 2013 remain regarding the timing and tempo of their uplift. One hypothesis is that the Q–T Plateau underwent a final, rapid phase of uplift 8–7 million years ago (Mya) and that the H-D Mountains orogeny was a sep- Keywords: arate event occurring 4–3 Mya. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed phylogenetic, biogeographic, Hengduan Mountains divergence time dating, and diversification rate analyses of the horticulturally important genus Lilium, Lilium–Nomocharis complex Intercontinental dispersal including Nomocharis.
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  • Saxifragaceae
    Flora of China 8: 269–452. 2001. SAXIFRAGACEAE 虎耳草科 hu er cao ke Pan Jintang (潘锦堂)1, Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih)2, Huang Shumei (黄淑美 Hwang Shu-mei)3, Wei Zhaofen (卫兆芬 Wei Chao-fen)4, Jin Shuying (靳淑英)5, Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti)6; Shinobu Akiyama7, Crinan Alexander8, Bruce Bartholomew9, James Cullen10, Richard J. Gornall11, Ulla-Maj Hultgård12, Hideaki Ohba13, Douglas E. Soltis14 Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees or vines. Leaves simple or compound, usually alternate or opposite, usually exstipulate. Flowers usually in cymes, panicles, or racemes, rarely solitary, usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, hypogynous or ± epigynous, rarely perigynous, usually biperianthial, rarely monochlamydeous, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, 4- or 5(–10)-merous. Sepals sometimes petal-like. Petals usually free, sometimes absent. Stamens (4 or)5–10 or many; filaments free; anthers 2-loculed; staminodes often present. Carpels 2, rarely 3–5(–10), usually ± connate; ovary superior or semi-inferior to inferior, 2- or 3–5(–10)-loculed with axile placentation, or 1-loculed with parietal placentation, rarely with apical placentation; ovules usually many, 2- to many seriate, crassinucellate or tenuinucellate, sometimes with transitional forms; integument 1- or 2-seriate; styles free or ± connate. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a follicle or drupe. Seeds albuminous, rarely not so; albumen of cellular type, rarely of nuclear type; embryo small. About 80 genera and 1200 species: worldwide; 29 genera (two endemic), and 545 species (354 endemic, seven introduced) in China. During the past several years, cladistic analyses of morphological, chemical, and DNA data have made it clear that the recognition of the Saxifragaceae sensu lato (Engler, Nat.
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  • Mukdenia, Mukdenia Rossii
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 5 April 2019 Mukdenia, Mukdenia rossii Mukdenia (=Aceriphyllum) rossii is one of just two species in this genus of herbaceous perennials native to rocky slopes and ravines of eastern China and Korea that commemorates the ancient city of Mukden, the Chinese capital city of the Manchu dynasty. Hardy in zones 4 to 8 (possibly to zone 3), this distinctive looking plant with a common name of mukdenia is in the saxifrage family (Saxifragaceae) and superfi cially resembles the distantly related North American genus Heuchera. Mukdenia forms a small mound of thickly textured, glossy foliage up to a foot tall and 1 to 2 feet wide, spreading slowly over time by short creeping rhizomes. The rounded, palmate leaves up to 5 inches across are lobed and dentate. The fan-shaped leaves emerge a deep coppery-bronze in spring, becoming medium to dark green in summer with reddish color creeping inward from the edges by the end of the summer. Under ideal conditions the leaves become a rich burgundy color with reddish orange highlights on their margins by fall. The plants are deciduous, with the Mukdenia mixes with other foliage declining in late fall or early winter and new leaves emerging from perennials and a small spruce. the crown the following spring. The foliage emerges in early spring (L) to form clumps (LC) or palmate leaves (R) that turn color in late summer (R). In spring tiny white star-shaped fl owers are produced soon after leaves emerge from rosy-blushed, crowded bud spikes.
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  • Bluemoon Product List
    Perennial Nursery Specializing in unusual perennials & sustainable plants native plants • ornamental grasses • hostas • daylillies QDWLYHSODQWVRUQDPHQWDOJUDVVHVKRVWDVGD\OLOOLHVDavid Austin roses and much more Offering a wide'DYLG$XVWLQURVHVDQGPXFKPRUH variety of pot sizes - from 2qt. to 5gal. Garden2IIHULQJDZLGHYDULHW\RISRWVL]HVIURPTWWRJDO Design, Installation and Maintenance also available *DUGHQ'HVLJQ,QVWDOODWLRQDQG0DLQWHQDQFHDOVRDYDLODEOH Blue Moon Farm Nursery • 173 Saugatucket Road - Wakefield, RI 02879 %OXH0RRQ)DUP1XUVHU\6DXJDWXFNHW5RDG:DNHÀHOG5,Cell: 401-258-1783 • Phone and Fax: 401-284-2369 Email:&HOO3KRQHDQG)D[ [email protected] • Jane Case - Proprietor (PDLOEOXHPRRQIDUP#FR[QHW-DQH&DVH3URSULHWRUwww.bluemoonfarmperennials.com ZZZEOXHPRRQIDUPSHUHQQLDOVFRP N/P 2009 ! """# $%! &""" ' ' ( ) * +,!- . / ,%!00 &+$!- +1!- , +,! - +1! 2(' 3 4 ' 4( '4 2 / 3 ' 3 ! 3 ' ' '!. ' 3 3! 56 7 ' ( ( ! ( ' ( ! ( ( ) 2 % 2& 89 4 36 2 %8942& 89 : 2 %89: 2& ; 2 %;2& 4 ; : 3%4;: & !, 8 <8 /: </8 9 ! Roses Ornamental Grass David Austin Roses N Acorus - Sweet Flag 5 gal $ 36.00 calamus ‘Variegatus’ $ 12.00 7 gal $ 46.00 calamus ‘Variegatus’ 2 gal $ 17.00 Abraham Darby gramineus ‘Golden Pheasant’ $ 12.00 Altissimo N Andropogon - Big Bluestem Ambridge Rose gerardii $ 12.00 A Shropshire Lad glomeratus $ 12.00 Brother Cadfael virginicus $ 12.00 Carding Mill Calamagrostis - Feather Reed Grass Comtes de Champagne acutiflora ‘Avalanche’ $ 12.00 Crocus Rose acu. ‘Karl
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  • (Saxifragaceae), Using Genome Skimming Data Luxian Liu1†, Yuewen Wang1†, Peizi He1, Pan Li2* , Joongku Lee3, Douglas E
    Liu et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:235 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4633-x RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Chloroplast genome analyses and genomic resource development for epilithic sister genera Oresitrophe and Mukdenia (Saxifragaceae), using genome skimming data Luxian Liu1†, Yuewen Wang1†, Peizi He1, Pan Li2* , Joongku Lee3, Douglas E. Soltis4 and Chengxin Fu2 Abstract Background: Epilithic sister genera Oresitrophe and Mukdenia (Saxifragaceae) have an epilithic habitat (rocky slopes) and a parapatric distribution in East Asia, which makes them an ideal model for a more comprehensive understanding of the demographic and divergence history and the influence of climate changes in East Asia. However, the genetic background and resources for these two genera are scarce. Results: The complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of two Oresitrophe rupifraga and one Mukdenia rossii individuals were reconstructed and comparative analyses were conducted to examine the evolutionary pattern of chloroplast genomes in Saxifragaceae. The cp genomes ranged from 156,738 bp to 156,960 bp in length and had a typical quadripartite structure with a conserved genome arrangement. Comparative analysis revealed the intron of rpl2 has been lost in Heuchera parviflora, Tiarella polyphylla, M. rossii and O. rupifraga but presents in the reference genome of Penthorum chinense. Seven cp hotspot regions (trnH-psbA, trnR-atpA, atpI-rps2, rps2-rpoC2, petN-psbM, rps4-trnT and rpl33-rps18) were identified between Oresitrophe and Mukdenia, while four hotspots (trnQ-psbK, trnR-atpA, trnS-psbZ and rpl33-rps18) were identified within Oresitrophe. In addition, 24 polymorphic cpSSR loci were found between Oresitrophe and Mukdenia. Most importantly, we successfully developed 126 intergeneric polymorphic gSSR markers between Oresitrophe and Mukdenia, as well as 452 intrageneric ones within Oresitrophe.
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  • Next-Generation Genome Sequencing of Sedum Plumbizincicola Sheds
    plants Article Next-Generation Genome Sequencing of Sedum plumbizincicola Sheds Light on the Structural Evolution of Plastid rRNA Operon and Phylogenetic Implications within Saxifragales 1,2, 1, 1 3 1 1 Hengwu Ding y, Ran Zhu y, Jinxiu Dong , De Bi , Lan Jiang , Juhua Zeng , Qingyu Huang 1, Huan Liu 3, Wenzhong Xu 4, Longhua Wu 3,* and Xianzhao Kan 1,2,* 1 The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; [email protected] (H.D.); [email protected] (R.Z.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (L.J.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (Q.H.) 2 The Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China 3 National Engineering Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Remediation Technologies, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (H.L.) 4 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (X.K.); Tel.: +86-25-8688-1128 (L.W.); +86-139-5537-2268 (X.K.) These authors equally contributed to this work. y Received: 27 August 2019; Accepted: 28 September 2019; Published: 29 September 2019 Abstract: The genus Sedum, with about 470 recognized species, is classified in the family Crassulaceae of the order Saxifragales. Phylogenetic relationships within the Saxifragales are still unresolved and controversial.
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  • WUCOLS List S Abelia Chinensis Chinese Abelia M ? ? M / / Copyright © UC Regents, Davis Campus
    Ba Bu G Gc P Pm S Su T V N Botanical Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 Symbol Vegetation Used in Type WUCOLS List S Abelia chinensis Chinese abelia M ? ? M / / Copyright © UC Regents, Davis campus. All rights reserved. bamboo Ba S Abelia floribunda Mexican abelia M ? M M / / S Abelia mosanensis 'Fragrant Abelia' fragrant abelia ? ? ? ? ? ? bulb Bu S Abelia parvifolia (A. longituba) Schuman abelia ? ? ? M ? ? grass G groundcover GC Gc S Abelia x grandiflora and cvs. glossy abelia M M M M M / perennial* P S Abeliophyllum distichum forsythia M M ? ? ? ? palm and cycad Pm S Abelmoschus manihot (Hibiscus manihot) sunset muskmallow ? ? ? L ? ? T Abies pinsapo Spanish fir L L L / / / shrub S succulent Su T N Abies spp. (CA native and non-native) fir M M M M / / P N Abronia latifolia yellow sand verbena VL VL VL / ? ? tree T P N Abronia maritima sand verbena VL VL VL / ? ? vine V California N native S N Abutilon palmeri Indian mallow L L L L M M S Abutilon pictum thompsonii variegated Chinese lantern M H M M ? ? Sunset WUCOLS CIMIS ET Representative Number climate 0 Region zones** Cities zones* S Abutilon vitifolium flowering maple M M M / ? ? Healdsburg, Napa, North- San Jose, Salinas, Central 14, 15, 16, 17 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 San Francisco, Coastal San Luis Obispo S Abutilon x hybridum & cvs. flowering maple M H M M / / 1 Auburn, Central Bakersfield, Chico, 8, 9, 14 12, 14, 15, 16 Valley Fresno, Modesto, Sacramento S T Acacia abyssinica Abyssinian acacia / ? / ? / L 2 Irvine, Los South Angeles, Santa 22, 23, 24 1, 2, 4, 6 Coastal Barbara, Ventura,
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  • Distribution of Vascular Plants Along the Altitudinal Gradient of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea
    Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 7 (2014) e40ee71 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-asia-pacific- biodiversity/2287-884x Original article Distribution of vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea Jong-Cheol Yang*, Hee-Suk Hwang, Hye-Jeong Lee, Su-Young Jung, Seong-Jin Ji, Seung-Hwan Oh, You-Mi Lee Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi 487-821, Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: This study was conducted to examine the distribution of vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient Received 31 December 2013 and investigation routes of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea. The total number of flora of Gyebangsan (Mt.) was Received in revised form 510 taxa in total, comprising 83 families, 283 genera, 449 species, four subspecies, 52 varieties and five 11 February 2014 forms. In the flora of this area, 14 taxa were Korean endemic plants and 17 taxa were rare plants. Accepted 11 February 2014 Naturalized plants in Korea numbered 27 taxa. The number of vascular plants monotonically decreased Available online 15 March 2014 with increasing altitude. In contrast, the rare plants mostly increased with increasing altitude. The endemic plants of Korea did not show any special pattern by altitude gradient. The naturalized plants Keywords: Gyebangsan (Mt.) altitude were mainly distributed at the open area below 1000 m. Ó Distribution Copyright 2014, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Korea endemic plant Production and hosting by ELSEVIER. All rights reserved.
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  • Konzeption Für Die Einrichtung Des Ostasien-Hauses Im Botanischen Garten Der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
    Schlechtendalia 26 (2013) Konzeption für die Einrichtung des Ostasien-Hauses im Botanischen Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg - unter besonderer Berücksichtigung hochschuldidaktischer Gesichtspunkte Friedrich EBEL & Axel FLÄSCHENDRÄGER Zusammenfassung: Ebel, F. & Fläschendräger, A. 2013: Konzeption für die Einrichtung des Ostasien-Hauses im Botanischen Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg – unter besonderer Berücksichtigung hochschuldidaktischer Gesichtspunkte. Schlechtendalia 26: 1–66. Die vorliegende Schrift widmet sich der hochschuldidaktischen Erschließung der reichhaltigen Sammlung ostasiatischer Pflanzen im Botanischen Garten Halle, insbesondere der des Pflanzenbestandes in dem 2011 erbauten Ostasien-Haus. Dargestellt werden Beispiele für Wuchsformen, Konvergenz, Disjunktionen, Xeromorphosen, immer- und sommergrünes Verhalten sowie für morphologische und ökomorphologische Phänomene. Behandelt werden gleichfalls Beispiele für Gattungen mit sowohl rezenten als auch fossilen Arten, für wichtige Farn-Familien mit ihren Feldmerkmalen sowie Fragen der Laubfallrhythmik und Lebensdauer der Blätter bei laurophyllen Gehölzen. Ergänzt werden die laurophyllen ostasiatischen Gehölze durch einige Arten aus anderen Lorbeerwaldgebieten der Erde. Acht Lagepläne für Gewächshaus und Freiland erleichtern das Auffinden der Lehrinhalte dieses didaktischen Konzepts. Abstract: Ebel, F. & Fläschendräger, A. 2013: Concept of the East Asia greenhouse in the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology at the Martin Luther
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  • Manzanita House Plant List for Mark Kuestner's Garden [Plants on the Property When We Moved In, November 2015]
    Manzanita House Plant List For Mark Kuestner’s Garden [Plants on the property when we moved in, November 2015]: Azaleas Bergenia Butterfly Bush Camellias Cherry, Flowering Japanese (weeping form) Fuchsias (tall, hardy) Grasses, Ornamental (various) Hemlock Trees Hesperantha coccinea (formerly: Schizostylis coccinea) Hydrangea (mop-head, purple-blue flowering) Huckleberry, evergreen (native: Vaccinium ovatum) Ivy, English (variegated white leaf) Lychnis Coronaria (Rose campion) Magnolia, purple flowering, March-April (deciduous) Maple Trees (Silver and Japanese) Miscanthus Sinensis Gracillimus (Chinese Maidenhair Grass) Morella Californica (aka Myrica Californica formerly) Pacific Wax Myrtle (see Morella) Pine Trees Rhododendrons Rubus calycinoides (Creeping Bramble) Salal Viburnums (various) Plants added after November 2015: Abies koreana ‘Kohouts Ice Breaker’, Korean fir Abutilon ‘Red Tiger’ (Flowering Maple) Abutilon ‘Souvenir de Bonn’ Abutilon hybrid ‘Canary Bird’ Abutilon hybrid ‘Megapotamicum’ Red Abutilon hybrid ‘Victorian Lady’ Abutilon 'Talini's Pink' "Flowering Maple" Acacia cognata ‘Mini Cog’ (Cousin Itt) Acacia Pravissima Acacia Stenophylla Shoe String Acacia Acaena saccaticulpula ‘Blue’ Acanthus ‘Whitewater’ (Variegated bear’s breeches) Acidanthera Murielae (aka Gladiolus) Aeschynanthus garrettii Agapetes serpens Agastache ‘Kudos Ambrosia’ Agastache aurantiaca ‘Coronado’ Agastache Mexicana ‘Sangria’ Agastache rugosa ‘Heronswood Mist’ Agave parryi var. truncate ‘Artichoke Agave’ Agave vilmoriniana ‘Stained Glass’ Agrostemma
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  • April 1959 the National HORTICULTURAL Magazine
    TIIE NA-TIONA-L ~GAZINE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, INC. * April 1959 The National HORTICULTURAL Magazine to accumulate, increase, and disseminate horticultural information *** OFFICERS EDITOR STUART M. ARMSTRONG, PRESIDENT B. Y. MORRISON Silver Spring, Maryland MANAGING EDITOR HENRY T. SKINNER, FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT Washington, D.C. JAMES R. HARLOW MRS. WALTER DOUGLAS, SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chauncey, New York 6- Phoenix, Arizona '·V. H . HODG E, Chairman EUGENE GRIFFITH, SECRETAR Y JOHN L. CREECH Takoma Park, Maryland FREDERIC P. LEE MISS OLIVE E. WEATHER ELL, TR EASU RER CONRAD B. LINK Olean, New York 6- Washington, D.C. CURTIS MAY DIRECTORS The National Horticultural Maga­ zine is the official publication of the Tel'ms Expiring 1959 American Horticultural Society and is Donovan S. Correll, T exas issued four times a year during the Frederick W. Coe, California quarte rs commencing with January, April, July and October. It is devoted Miss Margaret C. Lancaster, Maryland to the dissemination of knowledge in Mrs. Francis Patteson-Knight, Virginia the science and art of growing orna­ Freeman A. Weiss, District of Columbia mental plants, fruits, vegetables. and related subjects. Original papers increasing the his­ Terms Expiring 1960 torical, va rietal, and cultural knowl­ John L. Creech, Maryland edges of plant materials of economic Frederic Heutte, Virginia and aesthetic importance are wel­ R alph S. Peer, California comed and will be published as early as possible. The Chairman of the Edi­ R . P. White, District of Columbia torial Committee should be consulted Mrs. Harry Wood, Pennsylvania for manuscript specifications. Reprints. saddle-stapled, will be fur­ nished in accordance with the follow­ Emeritus ing schedule of prices.
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