Malware Detection Techiniques and Tools for Android Mobile – a Brief Review
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Identifying Threats Associated with Man-In-The-Middle Attacks During Communication Between a Mobile Device and the Back End Server in Mobile Banking Applications
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 16, Issue 2, Ver. IX (Mar-Apr. 2014), PP 35-42 www.iosrjournals.org Identifying Threats Associated With Man-In-The-Middle Attacks during Communication between a Mobile Device and the Back End Server in Mobile Banking Applications Anthony Luvanda1,*Dr Stephen Kimani1 Dr Micheal Kimwele1 1. School of Computing and Information Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000-00200 Nairobi Kenya Abstract: Mobile banking, sometimes referred to as M-Banking, Mbanking or SMS Banking, is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments, credit applications and other banking transactions through a mobile device such as a mobile phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Mobile banking has until recently most often been performed via SMS or the Mobile Web. Apple's initial success with iPhone and the rapid growth of phones based on Google's Android (operating system) have led to increasing use of special client programs, called apps, downloaded to the mobile device hence increasing the number of banking applications that can be made available on mobile phones . This in turn has increased the popularity of mobile device use in regards to personal banking activities. Due to the characteristics of wireless medium, limited protection of the nodes, nature of connectivity and lack of centralized managing point, wireless networks tend to be highly vulnerable and more often than not they become subjects of attack. This paper proposes to identify potential threats associated with communication between a mobile device and the back end server in mobile banking applications. -
Recent Developments in Cybersecurity Melanie J
American University Business Law Review Volume 2 | Issue 2 Article 1 2013 Fiddling on the Roof: Recent Developments in Cybersecurity Melanie J. Teplinsky Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aublr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Teplinsky, Melanie J. "Fiddling on the Roof: Recent Developments in Cybersecurity." American University Business Law Review 2, no. 2 (2013): 225-322. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Business Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES FIDDLING ON THE ROOF: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CYBERSECURITY MELANIE J. TEPLINSKY* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................... ..... 227 I. The Promise and Peril of Cyberspace .............. ........ 227 II. Self-Regulation and the Challenge of Critical Infrastructure ......... 232 III. The Changing Face of Cybersecurity: Technology Trends ............ 233 A. Mobile Technology ......................... 233 B. Cloud Computing ........................... ...... 237 C. Social Networking ................................. 241 IV. The Changing Face of Cybersecurity: Cyberthreat Trends ............ 244 A. Cybercrime ................................. ..... 249 1. Costs of Cybercrime -
Systematization of Vulnerability Discovery Knowledge: Review
Systematization of Vulnerability Discovery Knowledge Review Protocol Nuthan Munaiah and Andrew Meneely Department of Software Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY 14623 {nm6061,axmvse}@rit.edu February 12, 2019 1 Introduction As more aspects of our daily lives depend on technology, the software that supports this technology must be secure. We, as users, almost subconsciously assume the software we use to always be available to serve our requests while preserving the confidentiality and integrity of our information. Unfortunately, incidents involving catastrophic software vulnerabilities such as Heartbleed (in OpenSSL), Stagefright (in Android), and EternalBlue (in Windows) have made abundantly clear that software, like other engineered creations, is prone to mistakes. Over the years, Software Engineering, as a discipline, has recognized the potential for engineers to make mistakes and has incorporated processes to prevent such mistakes from becoming exploitable vulnerabilities. Developers leverage a plethora of processes, techniques, and tools such as threat modeling, static and dynamic analyses, unit/integration/fuzz/penetration testing, and code reviews to engineer secure software. These practices, while effective at identifying vulnerabilities in software, are limited in their ability to describe the engineering failures that may have led to the introduction of vulnerabilities. Fortunately, as researchers propose empirically-validated metrics to characterize historical vulnerabilities, the factors that may have led to the introduction of vulnerabilities emerge. Developers must be made aware of these factors to help them proactively consider security implications of the code that they contribute. In other words, we want developers to think like an attacker (i.e. inculcate an attacker mindset) to proactively discover vulnerabilities. -
Internet Security Threat Report VOLUME 21, APRIL 2016 TABLE of CONTENTS 2016 Internet Security Threat Report 2
Internet Security Threat Report VOLUME 21, APRIL 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2016 Internet Security Threat Report 2 CONTENTS 4 Introduction 21 Tech Support Scams Go Nuclear, 39 Infographic: A New Zero-Day Vulnerability Spreading Ransomware Discovered Every Week in 2015 5 Executive Summary 22 Malvertising 39 Infographic: A New Zero-Day Vulnerability Discovered Every Week in 2015 8 BIG NUMBERS 23 Cybersecurity Challenges For Website Owners 40 Spear Phishing 10 MOBILE DEVICES & THE 23 Put Your Money Where Your Mouse Is 43 Active Attack Groups in 2015 INTERNET OF THINGS 23 Websites Are Still Vulnerable to Attacks 44 Infographic: Attackers Target Both Large and Small Businesses 10 Smartphones Leading to Malware and Data Breaches and Mobile Devices 23 Moving to Stronger Authentication 45 Profiting from High-Level Corporate Attacks and the Butterfly Effect 10 One Phone Per Person 24 Accelerating to Always-On Encryption 45 Cybersecurity, Cybersabotage, and Coping 11 Cross-Over Threats 24 Reinforced Reassurance with Black Swan Events 11 Android Attacks Become More Stealthy 25 Websites Need to Become Harder to 46 Cybersabotage and 12 How Malicious Video Messages Could Attack the Threat of “Hybrid Warfare” Lead to Stagefright and Stagefright 2.0 25 SSL/TLS and The 46 Small Business and the Dirty Linen Attack Industry’s Response 13 Android Users under Fire with Phishing 47 Industrial Control Systems and Ransomware 25 The Evolution of Encryption Vulnerable to Attacks 13 Apple iOS Users Now More at Risk than 25 Strength in Numbers 47 Obscurity is No Defense -
Compromised Connections
COMPROMISED CONNECTIONS OVERCOMING PRIVACY CHALLENGES OF THE MOBILE INTERNET The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and many other international and regional treaties recognize privacy as a fundamental human right. Privacy A WORLD OF INFORMATION underpins key values such as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and freedom of speech, IN YOUR MOBILE PHONE and it is one of the most important, nuanced and complex fundamental rights of contemporary age. For those of us who care deeply about privacy, safety and security, not only for ourselves but also for our development partners and their missions, we need to think of mobile phones as primary computers As mobile phones have transformed from clunky handheld calling devices to nifty touch-screen rather than just calling devices. We need to keep in mind that, as the storage, functionality, and smartphones loaded with apps and supported by cloud access, the networks these phones rely on capability of mobiles increase, so do the risks to users. have become ubiquitous, ferrying vast amounts of data across invisible spectrums and reaching the Can we address these hidden costs to our digital connections? Fortunately, yes! We recommend: most remote corners of the world. • Adopting device, data, network and application safety measures From a technical point-of-view, today’s phones are actually more like compact mobile computers. They are packed with digital intelligence and capable of processing many of the tasks previously confined -
Mobile Financial Fraud April 2013
White Paper: Mobile Financial Fraud April 2013 Mobile Threats and the Underground Marketplace Principal Investigator and Corresponding Author Jart Armin Contributing Researchers Andrey Komarov, Mila Parkour, Raoul Chiesa, Bryn Thompson, Will Rogofsky Panel & Review Dr. Ray Genoe (UCD), Robert McArdle (Trend Micro), Dave Piscitello (ICANN), Foy Shiver (APWG), Edgardo Montes de Oca (Montimage), Peter Cassidy (APWG) APWG Mobile Fraud web site http://ecrimeresearch.org/wirelessdevice/Fraud/ Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction and Starting Position ........................................................................................ 2 A Global Overview .................................................................................................................. 3 Vulnerabilities Overview ....................................................................................................... 3 The Underground Mobile Market ....................................................................................... 13 Mobile DNS & Traffic ........................................................................................................... 15 iBots & the Pocket Botnet ..................................................................................................... 18 Mobile Intrusion ................................................................................................................... -
Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020
Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Contents Figures of the year 3 Financial threats 4 Number of users attacked by banking malware 4 Attack geography 5 Top 10 financial malware families 6 Ransomware programs 7 Number of users attacked by ransomware Trojans 7 Attack geography 8 Miners 10 Number of users attacked by miners 10 Attack geography 11 Vulnerable applications used by cybercriminals during cyber attacks 12 Attacks on macOS 14 Threat geography 15 IoT attacks 17 IoT threat statistics 17 Threats loaded into traps 19 Attacks via web resources 20 Countries that are sources of web-based attacks: 20 Countries where users faced the greatest risk of online infection 21 Top 20 malicious programs most actively used in online attacks 22 Local threats 24 Top 20 malicious objects detected on user computers 24 Countries where users faced the highest risk of local infection 25 2 Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Figures of the year • During the year, 10.18% of Internet user computers worldwide experienced at least one Malware-class attack. • Kaspersky solutions blocked 666,809,967 attacks launched from online resources in various countries across the world. • 173,335,902 unique URLs were recognized as malicious by Web Anti-Virus. • Our Web Anti-Virus blocked 33,412,568 unique malicious objects. • Ransomware attacks were defeated on the computers of 549,301 unique users. • During the reporting period, miners attacked 1,523,148 unique users. • Attempted infections by malware designed to steal money via online access to bank accounts were logged on the devices of 668,619 users. -
Detecting Botnets Using File System Indicators
Detecting botnets using file system indicators Master's thesis University of Twente Author: Committee members: Peter Wagenaar Prof. Dr. Pieter H. Hartel Dr. Damiano Bolzoni Frank Bernaards LLM (NHTCU) December 12, 2012 Abstract Botnets, large groups of networked zombie computers under centralised control, are recognised as one of the major threats on the internet. There is a lot of research towards ways of detecting botnets, in particular towards detecting Command and Control servers. Most of the research is focused on trying to detect the commands that these servers send to the bots over the network. For this research, we have looked at botnets from a botmaster's perspective. First, we characterise several botnet enhancing techniques using three aspects: resilience, stealth and churn. We see that these enhancements are usually employed in the network communications between the C&C and the bots. This leads us to our second contribution: we propose a new botnet detection method based on the way C&C's are present on the file system. We define a set of file system based indicators and use them to search for C&C's in images of hard disks. We investigate how the aspects resilience, stealth and churn apply to each of the indicators and discuss countermeasures botmasters could take to evade detection. We validate our method by applying it to a test dataset of 94 disk images, 16 of which contain C&C installations, and show that low false positive and false negative ratio's can be achieved. Approaching the botnet detection problem from this angle is novel, which provides a basis for further research. -
Mind the Gap: Dissecting the Android Patch Gap | Ben Schlabs
Mind the Gap – Dissecting the Android patch gap Ben Schlabs <[email protected]> SRLabs Template v12 Corporate Design 2016 Allow us to take you on two intertwined journeys This talk in a nutshell § Wanted to understand how fully-maintained Android phones can be exploited Research § Found surprisingly large patch gaps for many Android vendors journey – some of these are already being closed § Also found Android exploitation to be unexpectedly difficult § Wanted to check thousands of firmwares for the presence of Das Logo Horizontal hundreds of patches — Pos / Neg Engineering § Developed and scaled a rather unique analysis method journey § Created an app for your own analysis 2 3 Android patching is a known-hard problem Patching challenges Patch ecosystems § Computer OS vendors regularly issue patches OS vendor § Users “only” have to confirm the installation of § Microsoft OS patches Patching is hard these patches § Apple Endpoints & severs to start with § Still, enterprises consider regular patching § Linux distro among the most effortful security tasks § “The moBile ecosystem’s diversity […] OS Chipset Phone Android contriButes to security update complexity and vendor vendor vendor phones inconsistency.” – FTC report, March 2018 [1] The nature of Telco § Das Logo HorizontalAndroid makes Patches are handed down a long chain of — Pos / Negpatching so typically four parties Before reaching the user much more § Only some devices get patched (2016: 17% [2]). difficult We focus our research on these “fully patched” phones Our research question – -
European Cyber Security Perspectives 2015 | 3 Preface
European Cyber Security Perspectives 2015 | 3 Preface Dear reader, Following the success of last year’s publication, we are proud to present the second edition of our European Cyber Security Perspectives report. Through this collection of articles, we aim to share our different perspectives and insights, the latest developments and achievements in the field of cyber security, cybercrime investigations and cyber resilience. By uniting the expertise of four parties with diverse roles in the cyber security domain, we hope to offer some fresh perspectives on issues and developments that we believe to be relevant for society. Rather than presenting you with bare facts and figures, we describe real-life cases and experiences from our professional practice. Topics include the trends to watch in 2015, responses to high-profile vulnerabilities and advances in the detection and investigation of targeted cyber attacks. Each article in the report can be read independently, allowing you to focus on the topics that interest you most. A central theme in this year’s report is cooperation in cyber security. We strongly believe in the value of uniting cyber security capabilities across public and private organisations and even national borders. In fact, you will see that many of the articles in this publication have been co-authored by specialists from different parties. This reflects the growth in our collaborative projects when addressing the latest cyber security challenges. We aim to foster more of those partnerships in the coming year. We encourage you to build on our work and experiences and hope that this report will inspire further enhancements in cyber security, cybercrime investigations and cyber resilience, both in the Netherlands and abroad. -
The Dridex Swiss Army Knife: Big Data Dissolves the APT & Crime Grey Area
#RSAC SESSION ID: HT-W10 The Dridex Swiss Army knife: big data dissolves the APT & crime grey area Eward Driehuis Director of product Fox-IT @brakendelama #RSAC Understanding criminal evolution Global visibility Collaboration Investigations Feeds #RSAC May 2014 #RSAC Rewind 9 years… 2006 Slavik launches ZeuS 2009 SpyEye & Carberp compete for market share 2010 Slavik creates ZeuS2 Hands over ZeuS support to the SpyEye guy 2011 ZeuS2 code leaks 2012 Gribodemon & Carberp members arrested In 2009 Slavik had joined JabberZeuS And Evolved to GameOver / P2PZeuS #RSAC The Businessclub Legacy Businesslike Financial guy perfected money laundry Targeted commercial banking Perfected the Hybrid attack / Tokengrabber Perfected ransomware / Cryptolocker Did some “light espionage” #RSAC Business club after Slavik Dyre Businessclub (GameOver ZeuS gang until May 2014) EvilCorp (Dridex crew) #RSAC Dridex: EvilCorp’s Swiss Army knife #RSAC EvilCorp network expands Core businessclub members in EvilCorp & Dridex operators Leveraging existing money laundry networks Branching out: Dridex operators do ransomware, RATs, Credit Cards, high value targets Ties with Anunak / Carbanak #RSAC Dridex Malware Based on Bugat/Cridex/Feodo, since 2014 Speading: scattergun (spam / attachments) Modular architecture P2P, with 3 operating modes: Token Grabber, data mining, inter node comm Using businessclub technology Loader dropping many different malwares #RSAC #RSAC EvilCorp: Dridex Targets 2015 -2017 #RSAC EvilCorp: ”Gucci” accounts Harvesting data from victims Big data techniques -
Automating Patching of Vulnerable Open-Source Software Versions in Application Binaries
Automating Patching of Vulnerable Open-Source Software Versions in Application Binaries Ruian Duan:, Ashish Bijlani:, Yang Ji:, Omar Alrawi:, Yiyuan Xiong˚, Moses Ike:, Brendan Saltaformaggio,: and Wenke Lee: fruian, ashish.bijlani, yang.ji, alrawi, [email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] : Georgia Institute of Technology, ˚ Peking University Abstract—Mobile application developers rely heavily on open- while ensuring backward compatibility, and test for unin- source software (OSS) to offload common functionalities such tended side-effects. For the Android platform, Google has as the implementation of protocols and media format playback. initiated the App Security Improvement Program (ASIP) [21] Over the past years, several vulnerabilities have been found in to notify developers of vulnerable third-party libraries in popular open-source libraries like OpenSSL and FFmpeg. Mobile use. Unfortunately, many developers, as OSSPolice [15] and applications that include such libraries inherit these flaws, which LibScout [4] show, do not update or patch their application, make them vulnerable. Fortunately, the open-source community is responsive and patches are made available within days. However, which leaves end-users exposed. Android developers mainly mobile application developers are often left unaware of these use Java and C/C++ [1] libraries. While Derr et al. [14] flaws. The App Security Improvement Program (ASIP) isa show that vulnerable Java libraries can be fixed by library- commendable effort by Google to notify application developers level update, their C/C++ counterparts, which contain many of these flaws, but recent work has shown that many developers more documented security bugs in the National Vulnerability do not act on this information.