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CHICAGO CALLING A Spiritual & Cultural Quarterly eZine of the Vivekananda Vedanta Society of Chicago No. 23, 2019 Table of Contents Page EDITORIAL 3 VISHISHTA-ADVAITA VEDANTA: BASICS 5 SWAMI YOGATMANANDA HINDUISM: HINDUISM THROUGH THE AGES SWAMIS KRIPAMAYANANDA, ISHTANANDA, ISHATMANANDA & 10 TYAGANANDA INTRODUCTION TO THE COVER PAGE 18 ADVERTISEMENTS 26 Editor: Swami Ishatmananda Vivekananda Vedanta Society of Chicago 14630 Lemont Road, Homer Glen. 60491 email: [email protected] chicagovedanta.org ©Copyright: Swami-in-Charge Vivekananda Vedanta Society of Chicago NO 23, 2019 Chicago Calling 2 The Bhagavad Gita is the teaching of Bhagavan Sri Krishna to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra more than 5,000 years ago. The majority of Hindus believe that Krishna is the human form of the Supreme Brahman. Hindus believe in 'Avatara-Vada'. In order to help people to follow the path of righteousness, the Supreme Being comes to earth in human form and behaves like a human. The Avatar is the embodiment of the ideal person, the wise teacher, and the divine guide. The Gita contains 700 verses from chapters 25- 1. Who is the Creator? 42 of the Mahabharata. The Bhagavad Gita is 2. What is the Creation? considered to be one of the most important 3. What is the relation between Jiva (Living scriptures in Hinduism. According to Indian Being), Jagat (Universe), and Brahman tradition, the Gita is one of the Prasthanatrai, (Consciousness)? which form the bedrock of Vedanta philosophy. Different thinkers have proposed different The other two books are the Upanishads and the theories. Some of them are: Advaita-Vada, Maya- Brahma Sutras. They are a must read for anyone in Vada, Vivartha-Vada, Parinama-Vada, Vishistha- quest of the truth. Any philosopher seeking to Advaita-Vada, Dvaita-Vada, Dvaita-Advaita-Vada. preach a new doctrine must show that it is Every philosopher should discuss tatwa (the supported by these three scriptures. goal of the philosophy) and sadhana (the method Hindu philosophy tries to answer three or spiritual practices by which it can be attained). questions: Below is a chart of the major theories. Propounder Date (AD) Philosophy Practice Goal Shankara 788-820 Advaita Vedanta Knowledge Mukti Ramanuja 1017-1137 Vishishta-Advaita(Qualified Devotion to Salvation Monism) Vasudeva Nimbarka 1100-1162 Veda-Aveda Devotion to Radha Salvation & Krishna Madhavacharya 1199-1276 Shudha Dvaita (Pure Dualism) Devotion Salvation Ballabhacharya 1478-1530 Pushti-Vada Devotion to Radha God's Grace Krishna Sri Chaitanya 1486-1534 Achinta-Vada-Avheda-Vada Devotion Salvation Sri 1836-1886 Unification Theory Four Yogas Brahma Jnana Ramakrishna propounded in Gita by Krishna NO 23, 2019 Chicago Calling 3 The goal of the Gita is the realization of Yoga-shastra. A ‘yoga’ scripture describes the Brahman. In the Gita we find Sri Krishna using union of the individual soul with the universal words like Mad-Bhavan (Mad-Bhavam soul and also the means to such union. Hence, Upadhyate) to describe liberation. What is the yoga is the goal and the basis of all religious Bhava of Sri Krishna—the real Nature of God? practices. In the Brahma-Samhita it is described as In the life of Bhagavan Sri Ramakrishna we find "Ishwara-Parama-Krishna Satchidananda the application of all these four spiritual practices. Biggraha". Krishna, the Supreme God is the Swami Vivekananda, the illustrious disciple of Sri embodiment of Existence-Knowledge-Bliss, or Ramakrishna, after closely observing this, Brahman Itself, in human form. ’Bhava’ or the real expressed in a Stotra his guru’s uniqueness. nature of Sri Krishna is ‘Brahman’ Bhagavan Sri Ramakrishna was embodiment of Brahman, or the all-pervading Consciousness, different paths – takes form through Its inscrutable power, known as 'Maya'. That Brahman, which is described as अ饍वयतत्तत्तवसमाहितचित्ततं Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss प्रोज्जज्जवलभक्ततपटावतृ वत्तृ तम ् Absolute), functions through three powers. These कमकम लेवरमद्भतु िष्े टं powers are Sandhini (Sat), Samvit (Chit), and Hladini (Ananda). advaya-tattva-samāhita-cittaṁ Sandhini—The feeling of Existence (Sat) projjvala-bhakti-paṭāvṛtavṛttam From the activities of creation flow the actions karma-kalevaram-adbhuta-ceṣṭaṁ. of the world. The power by which creation happens is known as Sandhini. Sandhini can be Inwardly he was pure Advaitin. called "The Principle of Creative Life". Outwardly, he was a devout Devotee. Samvit—The feeling of Knowledge or He was the embodiment of selfless work. Consciousness (Chit). It is known as "The Principle Sri Ramakrishna is peerless. of Knowledge“. A few thousand years earlier, Sri Krishna had Hladini—The feeling of joy (Ananda) propagated the yogas, the spiritual paths that lead Using this power God Himself remains in Bliss to the Godhead, and in this modern age Sri and makes the whole world joyful. It is known as Ramakrishna practiced them in his life and "The Principle of Delight". propagated them through his disciples, These three Bhavas, associated with the three particularly through Ma Sarada Devi and Swami Shaktis of Brahman, are known as 'God'. Vivekananda. Bhagavan Sri Ramakrishna specifically said, Swami Vivekananda used to love two books ‘God Realization is the Goal for every human’. very much; one of them was the Bhagavad Gita. The Gita very clearly stated that ‘Atman’, the From his biography, we come to know that while ‘self’, is all pervading, residing in every being. An travelling Swamiji always carried the Gita. individual, termed as Jiva, is potentially Brahman. The spirit of Swami Vivekananda’s main To manifest the Jiva's divinity four spiritual teachings is ‘Self-Confidence’. We find him practices have been formulated. They are Karma appreciating again and again those words of Sri Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhkati Yoga and Dhyan Yoga. Krishna addressing Arjuna – In the Bhagavad Gita all these paths to Do not yield to unmanliness, O son of Pritha. It does Realization of the Supreme have been elaborately not become you. Shake off this base faint-heartiness and explained. That is why the Gita is known as a arise. O scorcher of enemies! NO 23, 2019 Chicago Calling 4 VISHISHTA-ADVAITA VEDANTA: BASICS SWAMI YOGATMANANDA Vedanta Society of Providence This article is based on the talk delivered during September 2018 spiritual retreat in Ganges. ॐ असतो मा स饍गमय । तमसो मा ज्जयोततगममय । answer this question: “Who created the chaos?” ॥ We always seek answers to our multifarious ﴃशाक््त ﴃशाक््त ﴃमत्तृ योमा म अमतृ ं गमय । ॐ शाक््त Lead us from the unreal to the real questions, which keep on shifting and changing, from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge and look for guidance from the enlightened souls and from this limited existence to immortal unlimited who have gone beyond these problems. They see existence. in what way we can receive the message according OM Peace, Peace, Peace! to our state of mind, and they tell us different things, and those become the paths for us. Like, for My beloved brother monks and all the devotees those like me who are coming from the east coast, sitting here with their devoted hearts ! I was their advice would be: “Move towards the west, listening very carefully to dear Tyaganandaji’s talk. and you will land in Michigan”. Those who are His views bring at least 10 seconds of coming from California, for example, would be enlightenment. He carries a lot of conviction with told to move towards the east. So, different paths the way he speaks, and it is an uplifting delight to have been suggested according to one's own state listen to his talks. When he said, “Well, how in the of mind. It is not that one path is correct and first place did all this mess began?”, I remembered another is not correct. But once we get convinced a humorous story. There were four professionals about a certain path that is the path we shoud discussing “who was first in the society?”. One of follow. Swami Tyagananda made a very good them was a doctor, one was a lawyer, another was point. In the beginning keep on doubting, keep on an architect, and the fourth was a communist. The presenting your doubts, but once you are doctor proclaimed, “Well, human beings fall sick; convinced then act on your convictions. An there has to be in human society some excellent idea, but the convictions get unsettled rudimentary ways of treating diseases, so the from time to time. For example, I feel very doctors were the first.” The lawyer said, “Well, convinced of certain truths in the morning, so I say without some laws, some regulations, some mode “Yes, the world is unreal”, etc., but when my of organizing, how can human society exist? So, stomach starts hurting I say, “Well, other things the lawyers were the first. Doctors, you don’t have may be unreal but this stomach ache is real”. So a case. You may deal with other types of cases, but our convictions keep on shifting and changing and legally speaking you don’t have a case here.” The that is why our understanding becomes confused. Architect said, “Oh my dear friends! don’t you see It may appear to be a good solution to just brush that God himself had to be an architect in order to everything aside as a dream. Well, when you wake create this cosmos from the universal chaos.” Then up from the dream, then you do not have to brush the communist said, “But who created chaos in the it aside even, it happens automatically. But, while I first place?”. So, the question is, “Who created am dreaming, am I able to brush it aside as dream? chaos in the first place?”. It is very difficult to This is not easy! NO 23, 2019 Chicago Calling 5 We have this difficulty of correctly we are the creators of time and space”.