SVP National Police Academy Journal June - 2020 Vol. LXIX, No. 1 Published by SVP National Police Academy Hyderabad ISSN 2395 - 2733 SVP NPA Journal June - 2020 EDITORIAL BOARD Chairperson Shri Atul Karwal, Director Members Shri N. Madhusudhana Reddy Joint Director Dr. K P A Ilyas Assistant Director (Publications) EXTERNAL MEMBERS Prof. Umeshwar Pandey Director, Centre for Organization Development, P.O. Cyberabad, Madhapur, Hyderabad - 500 081 Dr. S.Subramanian, IPS (Retd) Former DG of Police, Apartment L-1 Block- 1, Gujan Paripalana, Gujan Atreya Complex, GKS Avenue, Bharatiyar University Post, Coimbatore - 641 046 Shri H. J.Dora, IPS (Retd) Former DGP, Andhra Pradesh H.No. 204, Avenue - 7, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 34 Shri V.N. Rai, IPS (Retd) # 467,Sector-9,Faridabad, Haryana-121 006 Shri Sankar Sen, IPS (Retd) Senior Fellow, Head, Human Rights Studies, Institute of Social Sciences, 8, Nelson Mandela Road, New Delhi - 110 070 ii Volume 69 Number 1 June - 2020 Contents 1 Policing During Pandemic - An Internal War.............................................................. 1 Dr.B.Sandhya,IPS 2 A Tale of Two Judgments................................................................................. 7 Umesh Sharraf, IPS 3 Police officers should see themselves as Public Managers............................ 23 Mukesh Jain,IPS 4 Application of Human Factors in Cyber Crime Investigation......................... 37 G Venkataraman,IPS 5 Corruption Measurements: Caught between Conceptualizing the Phenomenon and Promoting the New Governance Agenda?........................ 55 Kannan Perumal,IPS 6 Athi Varadhar Vaibhavam – A social media phenomenon; A strong case for reorienting policing strategies for future.............................................................. 71 V.Balakrishnan,IPS 7 Challenges in Policing the International Border in West Bengal .................. 86 Amit P Javalgi,IPS 8 CCTV Mapping: An Effective Investigation and Supervisory Tool.............. 101 Seju P Kuruvilla,IPS 9 Drug Walking - The Trails of Police Investigation.......................................... 111 Aishwarya Dongre,IPS 10 Decision Support System-COPS (GIS Based Technology for Tech Savvy & Trained Police).................................................................................................... 128 Praveen Kumar, DC, CRPF iii iv Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy Journal Vol. LXIX, No. 1, 1-6 Policing During Pandemic - An Internal war Dr. B. Sandhya,IPS*1 1. Introduction Human Race has faced many pandemics, and millions of lives were lost in the historically recorded pandemics, such as the bubonic plague of Bombay (late19th century), the Spanish Flue (1918-1919), etc. Police was pushed to its limits during pandemics as they had to intervene risking their own lives, to arrest the violators of pandemic laws. Police faced many internal challenges during such times: Eg. 500 officers failed to report for duty (1918-19) in Chicago. For the 21st century Police officers, management of a Pandemic is a new domain- as new as the Novel Corona Virus. We are caught unprepared, to face the most devastating challenge of the times, that too to lead from the front 2. The challenge The challenge is huge. Officers from Intelligence, Operations, Human Resource Management, Training, all have to work in tandem with each other as if we are fighting a war. Yes, we are facing a very different kind of an internal security challenge; solutions to come out victorious have to be chalked out. Again, this fight is not to be fought with the brutal power but with the soft and firm power, and this is no easy task. And this is a war where we need to emerge emerging victorious without losing warriors. The Police is utilizing surveillance to enforce pandemic laws. How can we ensure data security of citizens? Any leak of data would be a matter or serious concern for the public. So data security is extremely important. Intelligence collection on various types * Additional Director General of Police (Training), Kerala & Director, Kerala Police Academy. 2 Dr. B.Sandhya of unrest, quarantine jumping with a view to destabilize internal security, etc also are of paramount importance. It is the challenge of Police Leadership to identify core duties during such times. Access to a Police Building shall be given to any public only after screening and after following all hygiene protocols. Establishing logistics in place to keep Police premises clean, and ensuring personal hygiene and health of all Police personnel and their families would be among the most important mandates for the leaders at the cutting edge level. Communicable Disease Management Programme has to be in place and training in protocols shall be of utmostpriority. Ensuring gender justice among the Police personnel becomes a challenge as over working and reduced strength would be the norm. Keeping the morale of the Force high by providing all the re- quired logistics and adequate rest is a challenge to the Police Leadership. 3. Role of Police During the plague in the 1890s, the British Military and the Police imposed forced quarantine, seizure and destruction of contaminated property etc.. This had led to protest, violence and even murder of officer Rand by Hari brothers. This sparked nationalistic feelings against the British Government in India. Role of Police in a pandemic would be very different in a democratic welfare State. A study ‘Police Planning for an influenza Pandemic Case Studies and Recommendations from the Field’(Luna&Sanberg,2007) shows that maintaining Interagency and Internal communications is the key to success in Pandemic situations as exemplified by the Fairfax County Police and City Administration. They highlight Public Health Emergency Training and use of technology. Enforcement of Pandemic Laws is the most important duty of Police during a Pandemic. Another important function is coordination with other Departments. Co-ordination of Migrant labourers camps, Community Kitchen, Civil Supplies (PDS) etc by the Janamaithri Beat Officers was an excellent example of Community Reach and Interagency Co-ordination in Kerala. Prevention of hoarding of food stuff, medicines and PPEs is also a major duty of the Police. Public education and awareness through social media is to be done by the Police diligently. The tradition of Community Policing comes handy in doing such work. Coordination with courts, Jails etc also need to be done so that the Criminal Justice responsibilities are intact. Development of innovative technologies to deal with summons, producing prisoners etc need to be done. Policing During Pandemic - An Internal war 3 3.1 Leadership Harvard Business Review article titled ‘How a good Leader Reacts to a Crisis’ (Baldoni, 2011) mentions Winston Churchill’s famous quote, “You ask what our aim is? It is victory; at all costs; victory in spite of all terror. Victory however long and hard the way may be; for without victory there is no survival.” This statement is very relevant while dealing with a pandemic. Victory over the virus must be the aim of a leader during pandemics. A leader’s ability to adapt rapidly would be tested during the crisis. Leaders who can engage directly but still maintain their sense of perspective would be the ones that will help the society survive, and would be considered effective. The leader’s first priority in a war situation shall be to ensure that none of his men is lost in the battle. This keeps the morale high. Health, mental and physical, of the team should hence be the top most priority during the pandemic. In ‘The Role of Law Enforcement in Public Health Emergencies’( Richards et al, 2006) underline the following points in this regard Preparing the Department Responding to and Managing Incidents Continuity of Operations Protecting Law Enforcement Officers and their families Protecting the Community Working with Public and Private Agencies Taking care of Special Populations Mass Casualty Planning 4 Dr. B.Sandhya 3.2 Planning Following aspects are important as far as planning is concerned. 1. Collection of Intelligence without risking the privacy of the citizens. 2. The migrant population and their movement /containment/welfare. 3. Large scale home coming of non-resident Keralites is the most demanding challenge faced by the Police. Innovative technologies with Humint support is required to tide over the situation. 4. Overwhelming of hospitals has to be envisaged. Advance planning and awareness regarding logistics and planning along with Health and Local Self Government Departments is required. 5. Mass Casualty planning also has to be done in advance. Management of inquest and autopsies with a view to avoid criminal element in any case is a challenge. Management of crematoriums, cemeterys etc as per WHO guidelines have to be planned well in advance. Law and order situations with respect to cremation places etc has to be envisaged and planned. 6. Gender Justice in the community has to be ensured. There is history of women/children being sexually exploited by various rackets and sometimes even by Law Enforcement Officers. Gender Justice within the Department also has to be ensured while the Organization is being pushed to it’s limits. A genuine concern for the community is required as the marginalised, the women, the children and the senior citizens would be in need of compassionate attention. 7. Human trafficking will have to be carefully watched and special units handling such cases need to remain alert. 8. Children hailing