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Champlain Valley (Why Are Clay Soils Where They Are?)
Geomorphic history of the Champlain Valley (why are clay soils where they are?) part 1) How did landscape evolve and where do “clay” minerals come from? part 2) How were they deposited in Lake Vermont/ Champlain Sea? part 3) Can we predict the distribution of “clay” thickness? (…can we compare prediction with what people observe) 500,000,000 years Today ~500,000,000 years: Sediments of “Champlain Valley Sequence” deposited on shoreline of ancient ocean Monkton quartzite + Taconic Slates Limestones + Marbles ~460,000,000 years: Collision of island arc causes thrusting + metamorphism Champlain Thrust Fault Champlain Thrust: -Exposed at Snake Mtn + Mt. Philo -delineates boundary between “low” and “mid” grade metamorphic rocks -Marbles pf middlebury syncline folded along back of thrust -Topography of Addison County reflects erodibility of bedrock: T1: lower surface: “low grade” sedimentary rocks below thrust (e.g. shale) T2: upper surface: “mid grade” meta-sedimentary rocks above thrust (e.g. marble) Green Mountains= “high grade” metamorphic rocks (e.g. schist and gneiss) T1 T2 Green Mtn gneiss Geologic map of Addison County Taconics Part 2: How were clays deposited in Lake Vermont and the Champlain Sea? 500,000,000 years Today ~96,000 - 20,000 years (i.e. yesterday…): Champlain Valley sat below 1-3 km of ice Soils and clay minerals from previous inter-glacial cycles were stripped by advancing glaciers Rocks were ground into “clay size fraction” and trapped under ice retreating glacial ice withdrew from Champlain Valley between ~14-13 kyr Many depositional features in Champlain Valley record ice retreat -Layers of “basal till” deposited beneath ice sheets (coarse, angular, poorly sorted debris) -Meltwater streams flow between glacier and hillslopes -Sedimentary deposits accumulate, leaving ‘kame terraces’ when glacier retreats Lake Vermont had 2+ stages: Coveville: Ice dammed in So. -
Smuggling Into Canada: How the Champlain Valley Defied Jefferson's Embargo
Wimer 1970 VOL. XXXVIII No. I VERMONT History The 'PROCEEDINGS of the VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY Smuggling into Canada; How the Champlain Valley Defied Jefferson's Embargo by H. N. MULLER HEN Britain resumed open hostilities against France in 1803, the W relative tranquillity of Anglo-American relations was among the first casualties. By 1805, after Napoleon's success at AusterlilZ and Nel son's decisive victory at Trafalgar, the contest became a stalemate. With the French dominating the Continent and the British the sea, neither side could afford to observe the amenities of neutral rights. Britain took steps to close the loop-holes by which American merchantmen evaded the notorious orders-in-eouncil. and her navy renewed in earnest its harassing and degrading practice of impressing American citizens. III feeling and tension mounted as Anglo-American relations disinte grated. Then in late June 1807 tbe British frigate uopard fired on the United States Frigate Chesapeake, killing three American seamen and wounding eighteen others, and a party from the Leopard boarded the American warship and removed four alleged British deserters. The Chesapeake affair precipitated an ugly crisis. Americans, now more united in hostility toward Britain than at any time since the Revolution, demanded action from their government.l President Thomas Jefferson responded with the Embargo Act, hastily pushed through a special session of Congress and signed in December 1807. Jefferson held the illusory hope that by withholding its produce and its merchant marine, tbe United States would forcc Britain and c"en I. Burl. Th~ Uniud S/a'~. Grea/Britain, lind British Nor/II Amerjea (New Haven. -
Central Champlain Valley Trail
C ENTRAL C HAMPLAIN V ALLEY “This world needs many paths into the future and some of the sweetest C D E F G are on CATS trails.” Champlain Area Trails also publishes a map – Bill McKibben, acclaimed author of of NY’s Northern Champlain Valley Trails. Wandering Home, A Walk Through Central To get your free copy, contact us at 518-962-2287 the Champlain Valley and other books. Champlain Valley or [email protected] 1 2 2019 - 2020 Join us! 3 Hike, volunteer, and contribute to save land and make trails Box 193, 6482 Main Street, Westport, NY 12993 518-962-CATS (2287) [email protected] 4 www.champlainareatrails.com ©2018 Champlain Area Trails Photo by Jen Zahorchak The Central Champlain Valley features a scenic Edgemont B&B landscape of forests, farms, fields, wetlands, and historic 284 Edgemont Rd hamlets nestled in the Adirondack foothills with beautiful views of Lake Champlain, the Adirondack 5 Moriah, New York High Peaks, and the Green Mountains of Vermont. (917) 757-0313 Champlain Area Trails (CATS) creates trails that link communities, connect people to nature, and promote edgemontbandb.com economic vitality. Please enjoy the trails and our wonderful landscape and support local businesses. CATS invites you to get out on the trails and share the vision of New York’s Champlain Valley where productive forests and farms surround vibrant hamlets and people hike, snowshoe, and ski on a network of public trails. 6 You will go through woods and meadows with easy to moderate hills and great views. Bring family and friends together for pleasant walks. -
Appendix a Places to Visit and Natural Communities to See There
Appendix A Places to Visit and Natural Communities to See There his list of places to visit is arranged by biophysical region. Within biophysical regions, the places are listed more or less north-to-south and by county. This list T includes all the places to visit that are mentioned in the natural community profiles, plus several more to round out an exploration of each biophysical region. The list of natural communities at each site is not exhaustive; only the communities that are especially well-expressed at that site are listed. Most of the natural communities listed are easily accessible at the site, though only rarely will they be indicated on trail maps or brochures. You, the naturalist, will need to do the sleuthing to find out where they are. Use topographic maps and aerial photographs if you can get them. In a few cases you will need to do some serious bushwhacking to find the communities listed. Bring your map and compass, and enjoy! Champlain Valley Franklin County Highgate State Park, Highgate Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation Temperate Calcareous Cliff Rock River Wildlife Management Area, Highgate Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife Silver Maple-Sensitive Fern Riverine Floodplain Forest Alder Swamp Missisquoi River Delta, Swanton and Highgate Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Protected with the assistance of The Nature Conservancy Silver Maple-Sensitive Fern Riverine Floodplain Forest Lakeside Floodplain Forest Red or Silver Maple-Green Ash Swamp Pitch Pine Woodland Bog -
"Newport City's Age-Friendly Community Action Plan
2016 Newport City’s Age Friendly Community Action Plan Table of Contents Advisory Council Members and Workgroups………………………………………. page 2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………. page 4 Why Newport is Pursuing Age Friendly Community Status…………………. page 6 Newport’s Domains of Age Friendliness……………………………………………… page 8 Domain 1: Town Information……………………………………………. page 9 Domain 2: Outdoor Spaces and Buildings…………………………... page 11 Domain 3: Transportation………………………………………………… page 15 Domain 4: Job Opportunities………………………………………………page 18 Domain 5: Health …………...………………………………………………….page 20 Domain 6: Housing…………………………………………………………….page 22 Domain 7: Caregiving…………………………………………………………page 24 Domain 8: Social Participation……………………………………………page 27 1 | Page Newport’s Age Friendly Community Advisory Council Members Council members include: Kathy Austin, Community National Bank Paul Dreher, Newport City Renaissance Corporation (NCRC) Design Committee, Northeast Kingdom Learning Services (NEKLS) & Dreher Design Harriet Hall, Vermont Association of Blind & Visually Impaired (VABVI) & Community member Eileen Illuzzi, North Country Career Center Trisha Ingalls, RuralEdge Pam Ladds, NCRC Design Committee & Community member Jennifer Leithead, NCRC Design Committee; Fresh Start Community Farm Alison Low, Northeastern Vermont Development Association (NVDA) Mike Marcotte, Vermont State Representative Paul Monette, Newport City Mayor Barbara Morrow, Orleans County Restorative Justice Center (OCRJC) Kelly Stoddard Poor, AARP Vermont Patricia Sears, Chair of Age -
Chittenden County
Chittenden County POPULATION4 HEALTH Population (2014) ......................160,531 Chittenden County residents are often described as having the best Persons under 5 (2013) ................. 4.8% health status and access to health care in the state of Vermont. Persons 5-18 (2013) .................... 19.8% Risk Factors and Chronic Conditions2 Persons 19-64 (2013) .................. 64.0% Chittenden County Vermont Persons 65+ (2013) ..................... 11.6% Adult smokers ...............................................11% ................... 16% Adult obesity .................................................21% ................... 25% Race Excessive drinking ..........................................20% ..................... 9% White .......................................... 92.2% Motor vehicle crash death rate ........................6% ................... 12% Black or African American ............. 2.3% Children under 18 living in poverty. ...............11% ................... 16% American Indian & Alaska Native ...0.3% Asian ............................................. 3.2% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander ........0% HEALTH INDICATORS Two or more races .............................2.0 Access3 10% of residents report having no health insurance. Of Vermont’s 19,619 total minority populations of all ages, 7,125 (36.3%) reside in Chittenden County. Chittenden County has an undersupply of family medicine and internal medicine primary care physicians. Ethnicity and Language www.uvm.edu/ahec/documents/ahec2013pcreport Chittenden County -
Winooski River
Preliminary WORKING DRAFT April 2018 Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Watershed Management Division Winooski River TACTICAL BASIN PLAN The Winooski Basin Water Quality Management Plan (Basin 8) was prepared in accordance with 10 VSA § 1253(d), the Vermont Water Quality Standards, the federal Clean Water Act and 40 CFR 130.6, and the Vermont Surface Water Management Strategy. The Vermont Agency of Natural Resources is an equal opportunity agency and offers all persons the benefits of participating in each of its programs and competing in all areas of employment regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, sexual preference, or other non-merit factors. This document is available upon request in large print, braille or audiocassette. VT Relay Service for the Hearing Impaired 1-800-253-0191 TDD>Voice - 1-800-253-0195 Voice>TDD WORKING DRAFT WINOOSKI BASIN TACTICAL BASIN PLAN i | P a g e Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... ix Top Objectives and Strategies .............................................................................................................. x Chapter 1 – Planning Process and Watershed Description .......................................................................... 1 The Tactical Basin Planning Process .......................................................................................................... 1 Contributing Planning Processes ............................................................................................................. -
Lake Champlain Voyages of Discovery: Bringing History Home
“The Congress fi nds and declares that the spirit and direction of the Nation are founded upon and refl ected in its historic heritage; [and that] the historical and cultural foundations of the Nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people…..” National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Front cover photograph: South Lake Champlain Bridge, Chimney Point State Historic Site, Addison to right. Credit: William J. Costello, WILLCIMAGES. Back cover photographs credit: Eric A. Bessett e, Shadows & Light Design. Cover design: Eric A. Bessett e, Shadows & Light Design. Content Design and Layout: Rosemary A. Cyr, Hutch M. McPheters, Ellen R. Cowie. Lake Champlain Voyages of Discovery: Bringing History Home By: Giovanna M. Peebles, State Archeologist, Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Elsa Gilbertson, Regional Historic Site Administrator, Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Rosemary A. Cyr, Laboratory Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Stephen R. Scharoun, Historian and Field Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Ellen R. Cowie, Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Robert N. Bartone, Assistant Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington With Contributions By: Joseph-André Senécal, Professor of Romance Languages, University of Vermont Paul Huey, New York State Offi ce of Parks, Recreation and Historic -
Overview of the Missisquoi Sub-Basin
OVERVIEW OF THE MISSISQUOI SUB-BASIN Cultural Setting The Missisquoi Sub-basin lies in the rural, predominantly agricultural area of northwest Vermont that includes nearly ¾ (69%) of Franklin County and 30 percent of Orleans County. It stretches from Lake Champlain on the west, over the Green Mountains to the Lake Memphremagog Watershed on the east. The Sub-basin contains several small villages, the largest of which are Swanton (population 2,600) and Enosburg (population 2,000). Franklin County had a population of approximately 48,187 in 20067. There is a rich cultural heritage in the area dominated by French Canadians and Abenaki American Indians. In 2000, the racial makeup of the County was is 96% White, 2% Native American, and less than 1% each for African American, Asian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic, and 2% other ethnicities. Over 94% of the residents of Franklin County speak English as a first language, while 5% speak French as a first language8. Principal industries in the Sub-basin include light manufacturing, agriculture and agricultural supplies and services, and other skilled services. Dairy agriculture is the single largest industry. Recreation and tourism are also important in supporting the local economy. The median income for a household in the county was $41,659 in 2000. About 7% of families and 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10% of those under age 18 and 10% of those age 65 or over9. Physiographic Characteristics The Missisquoi Sub-basin is located in the northern part of the Lake Champlain Basin (Figure 1). This River empties into Missisquoi Bay, a fairly large and shallow body of water divided between Vermont and Quebec. -
2. Biophysical Regions and a Landscape Perspective for Conservation and Management
2. BIOPHYSICAL REGIONS AND A LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ermont is rich with wildlife, largely because we have an abundance As a Vermont and diversity of habitat that supports the needs of many species. landowner, you will VThese habitats include extensive areas of interconnected forests of many types, swamps and lakeside marshes, fens and bogs, cliffs and caves, need to carefully seeps and vernal pools, fields and grasslands, and streams, rivers, and ponds. An important conservation goal is to maintain this diverse array consider the effects of of habitats to continue to support Vermont’s wildlife resources and all the values they provide. your actions and plan Achieving this goal over the long term will be challenging, given the continued loss and degradation of habitat associated with development. for effective habitat As a Vermont landowner, you will need to carefully consider the effects of your actions and plan for effective habitat management and conservation management and on at least three scales. First, you need to consider the needs of individual conservation on at species where they occur, especially those species that are particularly sensitive to changes in their surroundings. For example, American least three scales. woodcock require shrub wetlands for feeding, adjacent to old fields for courtship. Second, you need to consider the distribution and condition of all habitats and natural communities in your local area and across the state. This is the best insurance that you will provide the habitat requirements for a broad range of species. And third, you need to consider large, landscape-scale features, such as large areas of contiguous forest and the habitat that connects them. -
Winooski River Basin Water Quality Management Plan
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Winooski River Basin Water Quality Management Plan MAY 2012 THE WATER QUALITY PLAN FOR THE BASIN 8 WAS PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 10 V.S.A. § 1253(d), THE VERMONT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS, THE FEDERAL CLEAN WATER ACT AND 40 CFR 130.6.1 Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Watershed Management Division Waterbury, VT 05671- 0408 Cover photo: Winooski River Basin Landuse/Landcover, VANR 2011 The Vermont Agency of Natural Resources is an equal opportunity agency and offers all persons the benefits of participating in each of its programs and competing in all areas of employment regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, sexual preference, or other non-merit factors. This document is available upon request in large print, Braille or audiocassette. VT Relay Service for the Hearing Impaired 1-800-253-0191 TDD>Voice - 1-800-253-0195 Voice>TDD 1 The revised Water Quality Standards require that all basin plans place Class B waters into one of the three water management types. However, considerable challenges over the past decade have limited ANR’s ability to identify proposed management types, and the Panel’s ability to promulgate these designations. These challenges are listed in detail in VDEC’s 2010 Report to the Vermont General Assembly on Basin Planning. As such, recommendations for water management types are not presented in this basin plan. ii Winooski Basin Plan Executive Summary This river basin water quality management plan (plan) provides an overview of the Winooski River Basin’s surface waters and a description of ongoing and future steps to restore and protect those waters. -
Trip I DEGLACIAL HISTORY of the LAKE CHAMPLAIN-LAKE GEORGE
163 . Trip I DEGLACIAL HISTORY OF THE LAKE CHAMPLAIN-LAKE GEORGE LOWLAND by G. Gordon Connally Lafayette College Easton, Pennsylvania and Leslie A. Sirkin Adelphi University Garden City, New York GENERAL GEOMORPHOLOGY The Lake Champlain and Lake George Valleys are two separate physiographic units, situated in separate physiographic provinces (see Broughton, et al., 1966). The Champlain Valley lies in the St. Lawrence-Champlain Lowlands while the Lake George trough lies in the Adirondack Highlands. It is the continuous nature of the deglacial history of the two regions that links them together for this field trip. Indeed, the deglacial history of the regions begins at the north end of the Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands near Glens Falls, New York. Physiography The Champlain Valley lies between the Adirondack Mountains of New York on the west and the Green Mountains of Vermont on the east. Lake Champlain occupies most of the valley bottom and has a surface elevation of about 95 feet. The Great Chazy, Saranac, Ausable, and Bouquet Rivers enter the valley from the Adirondacks while the Mississquoi, Lamoille, and Winooski Rivers and Otter Creek enter from the Green Mountains. Figure 1 shows the general physiography and the field trip stops. According to Newland and Vaughan (1942) Lake George occupies a graben in the eastern Adirondacks. The'surface of Lake George is about 320 feet above sea level and it drains into Lake Cham plain via Ticonderoga Creek at its northern end. In general, Lake George marks the divide between southerly flowing Hudson River drainage and northerly flowing St. Lawrence River drainage. 164 Great Chazy Lamoille R.