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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,575,037 B2 Acharya Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,575,037 B2 Acharya Et Al USOO9575037B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,575,037 B2 Acharya et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 21, 2017 (54) DETECTION OF GAS-PHASE ANALYTES G01N 33/0037: G01N 33/0044; Y10T USING LIQUID CRYSTALS 436/17; Y10T 436/173076; Y10T 436/177692; Y1OT 436/18: Y10T (71) Applicant: Platypus Technologies, LLC, Madison, 436/184; Y10T 436/20: Y10T WI (US) 436/200833; Y10T 436/202499; Y10T 436/25875 (72) Inventors: Bharat R. Acharya, Madison, WI (US); Kurt A. Kupcho, Madison, WI USPC ........ 436/106, 110, 116, 118, 121, 127, 128, (US); Bart A. Grinwald, Verona, WI 436/130, 164, 165, 167, 181; 422/50, (US); Sheila E. Robinson, Fitchburg, 422/68.1, 82.05, 82.09, 83, 88 WI (US): Avijit Sen, Madison, WI See application file for complete search history. (US); Nicholas Abbott, Madison, WI (US) (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: PLATYPUS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, Madison, WI (US) 4,772,376 A * 9/1988 Yukawa ............... GON 27,417 204,410 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,284, 197 B1 9, 2001 Abbott et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,858,423 B1* 2/2005 Abbott ................... B82Y 15.00 435/287.2 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 7,135,143 B2 11/2006 Abbott et al. 2010/0093.096 A1* 4/2010 Acharya ................ B82Y 3O/OO (21) Appl. No.: 14/774,964 436/4 2012/0288951 A1 11/2012 Acharya et al. (22) PCT Fed: Mar. 12, 2014 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (86) PCT No.: PCT/US2O14/O24735 WO 99.63329 12/1999 S 371 (c)(1), WO O1? 61325 8, 2001 (2) Date: Sep. 11, 2015 WO O1? 61357 8, 2001 PCT Pub. No.: WO2O14/165196 (87) OTHER PUBLICATIONS PCT Pub. Date: Oct. 9, 2014 Jerome et al. "Anchoring of nematic liquid crystals on mica in the (65) Prior Publication Data presence of volatile molecules” Physical Review E., 1993, vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 4556-4571. US 2016/OO18371 A1 Jan. 21, 2016 Shah et al. “Principles for measurement of chemical exposure based on recognition-driven anchoring transitions in liquid crystals' Sci Related U.S. Application Data ence, 2001, vol. 293, pp. 1296-1299. (60) Provisional application No. 61/779,569, filed on Mar. Janzen et al. "Colorimetric sensor arrays for volatile organic com 13, 2013, provisional application No. 61/779,561, pounds' Analytical Chemistry, 2006, vol. 78, No. 11, pp. 3591 filed on Mar. 13, 2013. 3600. (51) Int. C. * cited by examiner GOIN 33/00 (2006.01) GOIN 33/497 (2006.01) Primary Examiner — Maureen Wallenhorst B82. 30/00 (2011.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Casimir Jones S.C. (52) U.S. C. CPC ........... G0IN 33/0004 (2013.01); B82Y 30/00 (57) ABSTRACT (2013.01); G0IN 33/0037 (2013.01); G0IN Provided herein is technology relating to detecting gaseous 33/0044 (2013.01); G0IN 33/497 (2013.01); analytes and particularly, but not exclusively, to devices and Y10T 436/177692 (2015.01); Y10T 436/184 methods related to detecting gaseous analytes by monitoring (2015.01); Y10T 436/202499 (2015.01); Y10T changes in liquid crystals upon exposure to the gaseous 436/25875 (2015.01) analytes. (58) Field of Classification Search CPC. B82Y 30/00; G01N 33/0004: G01N 33/497; 19 Claims, 65 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 1 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 1A S SS S Š S. y FIG. 1C U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 2 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 2A U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 3 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 3 SSS S U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 4 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 4A FIG. 4B U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet S of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 S S SS S. S. S S Š S. S S S S S S M S S S S Y S SSS S SS X S& S Š SS &S SS SS U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 6 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 6A × U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 7 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 S. SS X y SS. Š S. & FIG. 7B U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 8 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 8B S. S. ŠS U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 9 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 8G FIG. 8H 83 ppin- $3-8: U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 10 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 9 Dose pp-thr U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 11 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 10 *{&#...*** Square &Root of Bose wippin-irs & U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 12 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 11 sessierS rxSS isA. set SSee &is: 3. S. Sqrt Exposure Time (sqrthr) U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 13 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 12 1.12.O5 S U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 14 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 13 O 2 4 6 8 Exposure Time (min) U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 15 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 Exposure Time (hrs) U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 16 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 15 25O 200 || ressegae. ke s or 17.5 ppm HCHO (50% RH) 15O or or 90% humid nitrogen 8 4000 ppm acetone OO 5. - - - 10,000 ppm ethanoi 50 a 50 it troceC O O 10 20 30 40 50 60 Exposure Time (min) U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 17 Of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 area wer to wreg g * S s it m s c. 8 e s 8 s r U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 18 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 S Ms. --SK S. www.-------------.Sssssssssss xSSS SS s star ySsaxxx Y: s & s r &N S wxss Se m S & www.www.www.www.www.www.www.www.www.www.www. U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 19 Of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 xx: assass''''' &w S& & re S& U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 20 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 {{*****&&&&&&&&&&& U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 21 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 20A CA CB LCC CD LCE FIG. 20B U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 22 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 21 33 y N, exposed say is 33 y NO, exposed 3y S U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 23 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 : k { m w K Š s. Y s ih h it w ra & YS. SS & S SSwa& NsSs SS &s^ Š Ns s SS SS S.SS & f { N e (qiy OLX) epuedosqw U.S. Patent US 9,575,037 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 25 Of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 24 SS S & S S SS & SS Š S. S. S S Š S. S Š S U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 26 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 25 Exposafe after ow&F fight equisitation U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 27 Of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 26 & 3. S. s: 3. 3: S S S is: NO Concentratice ppb) U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 28 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 27 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 29 Of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 30 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 29 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 31 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG 30 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 32 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 31 0 ppb 40 ppb 10 ppb 50 ppb 15 ppb 60 ppb 20 ppb 70 ppb 25 ppODb 80 ppb 35 ppb 100 ppb U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 33 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 098 00£ 097 00Z 09? {00}) 09 (uu usual a S Lods c U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 34 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 33 Neratic e. isi is systs U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 35 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 34 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 36 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 SSe18 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 37 Of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 36 liqyid Crystals Polymer U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 38 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 39 Of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 40 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 SpeequºuuÁ?Od U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 41 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 Šs S U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 42 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 „ÑO,¿odoAz=> U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 43 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 FIG. 42 45° PS LOW MWPS U.S. Patent Feb. 21, 2017 Sheet 44 of 65 US 9,575,037 B2 Gas flow s Stil.
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