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Winter Bird Highlights 2008, Is Brought to Whees, and Juncos Focus on citizen science • Volume 4 Supplement to BirdScope BirdScope to Supplement Winter BirdHighlights Winter FROMPROJECT F EEDERWAtch 2007–08 EEDERWAtch “We have a wild and overgrown bush along our back fence, which Focus on Citizen Science is a publication dedicated to highlighting the contributions of citizen scientists. has become a haven for the more timid birds such as thrashers, to- This issue, Winter Bird Highlights 2008, is brought to whees, and juncos. More recently, we’ve planted bird-friendly perenni- you by Project FeederWatch, a research and educa- als and were rewarded this summer as several sunny yellow American tion project of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Bird Studies Canada. Goldfinches hung upside down to eat the seed heads on our garden’s coneflowers.” Project FeederWatch is made possible by the efforts —FeederWatcher Debra Tyre, Norcross, Georgia and support of thousands of citizen scientists in the United States and Canada. Project FeederWatch Staff onserving energy is not only beneficial for David Bonter your wallet, it has become imperative to Project Leader, USA Janis Dickinson ease the impact we have on the environ- Director of Citizen Science, USA C Kristine Dobney ment. Why not conserve energy while helping the Project Assistant, Canada Wesley Hochachka birds? Senior Research Associate, USA One simple step toward reducing your reliance on fossil fuels Anne Marie Johnson while making your neighborhood more attractive to birds is to Project Assistant, USA Rosie Kirton give your lawn mower a rest. Mow less often, set the cutting deck Project Support, Canada at a higher level, or better yet, stop mowing altogether. A mono- Denis Lepage culture of turfgrass may be aesthetically pleasing to some, but it Senior Scientist, Canada is a desert-like habitat for most birds. Consider planting perenni- Genna Knight als, shrubs, and trees that are native to your area. The habitat that Project Assistant, USA Kerrie Wilcox you create is guaranteed to attract more birds. Making your yard Project Leader, Canada more friendly for birds and wildlife doesn’t have to take place all at once—convert 10% of your lawn per year, and you will soon oversee Join Project FeederWatch! Anyone in the United States and Canada with an in- a wildlife oasis in your neighborhood. terest in birds and a feeder to watch is welcome to join. Help scientists monitor winter bird populations “We just moved here and are in the process of adding native plants while you learn more about the birds in your neigh- borhood. To join, contact the FeederWatch office in to our yard—hoping to attract more birds by providing better habitat your country. and natural foods.” —FeederWatcher Alexandra Florimonte, Denver, Colorado United States Cornell Lab of Ornithology 159 Sapsucker Woods Road Ithaca, NY 14850 1-800-843-BIRD (2473) [email protected] www.birds.cornell.edu/pfw Canada Bird Studies Canada P.O. Box 160 Port Rowan, ON N0E 1M0 1-888-448-BIRD (2473) [email protected] www.bsc-eoc.org/volunteer/pfw Focus on Citizen Science Staff David Bonter Editor Janis Dickinson, Wesley Hochachka Technical Editors Diane Tessaglia-Hymes Design Director White-breasted Nuthatch (on cover) Laura Erickson, Miyoko Chu by Gary Mueller, Rolla, Missouri Copy Editors Song Sparrow (above) Susan E. Spear by Jennifer Taggart, Newburg, Pennsylvania Graphic Designer 2 © Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2008 Participant highlights BY ANNE MARIE JOHNSON & GENNA KNIGHT, CORNELL LAB OF ORNITHOLOGY Eurasian finch engages students in Alaska Read the complete story of Joyanne’s Brambling on- In the small village of Shageluk, Alaska, Joyanne line in the Featured FeederWatchers section at www. Hamilton teaches her students the importance of un- feederwatch.org. derstanding seasonal and environmental changes and “Original” FeederWatcher shares thoughts how they affect local wildlife. Joyanne’s observations led Longtime FeederWatcher Jim Russell of Grand Prairie, to the discovery of something extraordinary in her own Texas, writes a monthly column for Nature Society News, backyard when a Brambling ventured to her village on a publication dedicated to promoting healthy popula- the Innoko River. This Eurasian finch typically winters in tions of North American songbirds. Jim is proud to be Europe, northern Pakistan, northern India, China, and one of a small group of FeederWatchers that has been Japan, though occasionally a few will wander into Alaska with the project since it became a continent-wide ef- along the western Aleutian Islands. In the past, four sight- fort in 1987. Recounting how he first became involved ings were reported on the mainland in the coastal villages with Project FeederWatch in his May 2008 article, Jim of Anchorage, Homer, on Kodiak Island, and in Petersburg remembers wondering how his observations could in the Southeast, but this was a first for Shageluk. make a difference. Now he realizes the value of coordi- In September 2007, the Brambling made its first ap- nating observations from people across the continent. pearance at Joyanne’s feeders and stayed for about a In the article, Jim highlights some memorable obser- month before moving on. For more than a decade, vations of the birds and mammals that have visited his Joyanne has participated in citizen-science projects like yard, including Indigo Buntings, White-winged Doves, Project FeederWatch, in which her students, levels K–12, and coyotes. The doves are relatively new to the area, engage in the study of wildlife migration and local habi- expanding their range north from Mexico. Jim wrote, “I tat. FeederWatching from their classroom windows, they marvel at the White-winged Doves…today their num- study the “flyways” and feeding patterns of the birds that bers in our backyard equal and often exceed those of visit. Having studied the weather systems that roll up the our Mourning Doves.” Read excerpts from Jim’s article Aleutians, her students concluded that the Brambling as well as stories and comments from other original was probably blown off course in one of the storms. FeederWatchers at www.feederwatch.org/Members/ According to Joyanne, her students “get a real kick” out OriginalFeederWatchers.htm. of submitting their findings to Project FeederWatch and were thrilled to report their rare visitor, adding it to their Sandhill Crane braves Wyoming winter list of “first seen” birds. A Sandhill Crane unexpectedly spent the winter in Powell, Wyoming, several hundred miles north of the usual winter range for this species. FeederWatchers Dave and Germaine Bragonier hosted the crane in their yard for much of the win- ter, where it ate grain from beneath their feeders. Sandhill Cranes discovered the Bragoniers’ feeders years ago when the cranes returned to a nearby wetland during the northward spring migration. Last fall, one crane family lingered for three weeks after all the other cranes had left for their wintering grounds. Dave wrote, “Often, we observed all three cranes airborne during those weeks, but invariably, the male would always break formation and glide back to the wetland, even though it seemed he could fly quite well.” Finally, after Thanksgiving the female crane and their colt left, but the male stayed behind, survived the winter, and successfully nested this past summer. Student Charity Workman, grade 4, from the Innoko River School in Shageluk, Alaska, studies birds and participates in FeederWatch with Photo by Joyanne Hamilton by Joyanne Photo her teacher and classmates. 3 Recent research about the birds at our feeders BY GENNA KNIGHT & ANNE MARIE JOHNSON, CORNELL LAB OF ORNITHOLOGY Hide-and-seek with chickadees membering where they hid it in the first place. Further The Black-capped Chickadee, which seems to us to examination found that this ability correlates with the have a sunny disposition in even the harshest environ- size of the hippocampus, the portion of the brain in- ments, perhaps can attribute its cheerfulness to its fabu- volved in memory, which was larger and contained more lous memory. Chickadees have an innate ability to hide neurons in the chickadees living in Alaska. Whether the food in thousands of locations for later consumption and behavioral and brain differences are genetic is yet to be then return, remembering nearly every hiding place. In determined, but the study confirmed that the distinction northern climates especially, a sharp memory for find- is not simply a result of environment. The differences ing food effectively and efficiently in winter is critical in between the Alaska and Colorado chickadees remained order to avoid death by starvation. According to a recent the same after spending more than a month in captiv- study comparing chickadees in Colorado and Alaska,1 ity under identical conditions in California. Researchers this hide-and-seek technique is an adaptive survival skill concluded that Black-capped Chickadees in higher lati- found to be more advanced in the higher and harsher lat- tudes developed survival skills as natural and critical ad- itudes where the weather is more unpredictable and the aptations for hiding and finding food in even the most reliance on stored food is greater. The study, performed inclement conditions. Thanks to bigger brains and better in a University of California, Davis, laboratory using memories, Black-capped Chickadees were able to extend identical cache-recovery tasks, found that Black-capped their range far north and survive. Chickadees from Alaska stored significantly more food Are falcons and parrots cousins? than those from Colorado and had an easier time re- Your old, reliable field guides may soon become out- membering where to find it. Practice, pressure, and the of-date according to a study published in a June 2008 environment are all factors that may make northern issue of Science.2 The study examined DNA sequences chickadees better equipped for harsh conditions. from 169 species of birds and found genetic evidence of In addition to having more practice in dealing with relationships previously considered unlikely.
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