On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design
Presentation by: Nick Jackson Bill Schultheiss, P.E. September 04, 2012 On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign FOLLOW THE CONVERSATION ON TWITTER
ÂToole Design Group is live tweeting this webinar Â@tooledesign Â#AASHTO #BikeGuide
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign WEBINAR #3: ON ROAD FACILITIES PART 1: BIKE LANES AND INTERSECTIONS Today’s Webinar  Significant Updates & New Content for bicycle lane design  Purpose & Benefits  Marking and Sign Basics  Intersections/Turns  Retrofitting
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign FUTURE WEBINARS
 August 10: Overview  October 9: Shared Use Paths  August 22: Planning Chapter  General design principles  September 4: On-Road  Pathway geometry Bikeways Part I  October 23: Shared Use Paths  Bike Lanes (including Intersections)  Intersection Design  September 18: On-Road  Mid-block crossings Bikeways Part II  November 6: Bikeway  Shared lanes Maintenance and Operation  Bicycle boulevards & signing  Signals
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DISCOUNT FOR WEBINAR PARTICIPANTS
http://www.walkinginfo.org/training/pbic/ AASHTO_Promo_Flyer.pdf
Link will be emailed to webinar attendees
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign SOME BACKGROUND
ÂWhat is AASHTO?  Mission: “provides technical services to support states in their efforts to efficiently and safely move people and goods” ÂSome history  Last Guide – 1999, largely written in 96-98  Survey to update Guide - 2004 ÂStandards vs. guidance (Shall vs. should or may) ÂRelationship between AASHTO Guide and the MUTCD ÂInnovation vs. accepted practice
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER MANUALS
Â2009 MUTCD – FHWA Â2011 AASHTO Green Book ÂPublic Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) Â2010 Highway Capacity Manual
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign AASHTO VS. NACTO GUIDE: EITHER/OR?
 AASHTO covers paths + on- road bikeways  AASHTO covers design comprehensively  AASHTO covers many – but not all innovations  NACTO is a source of information for solutions that are currently experimental
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DESIGN GUIDANCE OF GREEN BOOK
ÂStreets designed to meet design principals of the “Green Book” will typically accommodate bikes by providing adequate: Âsight distance ÂVertical & horizontal curves ÂCross slopes
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DESIGN GUIDANCE OF MUTCD
 Follows MUTCD (Chapter 3) nomenclature & definitions  Solid lines – discourage crossing  4 to 6 inch lines are “normal” widths  “wide” lines are 2x normal widths to add emphasis  Double solid lines prohibit crossing  Dotted lines provide guidance or warning (dashed, broken)
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign GREEN COLORED BICYCLE LANES
ÂGuide incorporates Green Lane FHWA interim approval  http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/interim_approval/ia14/ia14grnpmbiketlanes.pdf
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign GREEN COLORED BICYCLE LANES
ÂGuide incorporates Green Lane FHWA interim approval  http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/interim_approval/ia14/ia14grnpmbiketlanes.pdf
…in marked bicycle lanes…extensions of bicycle lanes through intersections and other traffic conflict areas.
{Enter Module Name on Master Slide} COLORED PAVEMENT
{Enter Module Name on Master Slide} CHAPTER 4 – MAJOR CONTENT CHANGES
New Bike Lane Content ÂValue of bike lanes ÂBike lane width nuances ÂClimbing lanes ÂOn street parking strategies ÂExpanded intersection guidance ÂRoadway retrofit strategies
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE VSWIDE OUTSIDE LANE
1999 Guide
“Wide curb lanes for bicycle use are usually preferred where shoulders are not provided, such as in restrictive urban areas.”
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE VSWIDE OUTSIDE LANE
2012 Guide “The provision of wide outside lanes should also be weighed against the likelihood that motorists will travel faster in them…, resulting in decreased level of service for bicyclists and pedestrians.
Bike lanes are the appropriate and preferred bicycle facility for thoroughfares in both urban and suburban areas.”
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign CHAPTER 4 – MAJOR CONTENT CHANGES
Innovative Designs ÂGreen bike lanes ÂBuffered bike lanes ÂContra-flow bike lanes ÂClimbing Lanes ÂAccommodating left turns ÂBack-in angle parking
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLIST BASICS
ÂSame access & mobility needs as motorists ÂCrashes in urban areas highest at intersections ÂOperating speed and acceleration rates vary ÂSensitive to traffic speeds, volumes, trucks, terrain, and lateral separation ÂVulnerable roadway user
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLIST AND BICYCLE LANE BASICS
ÂAllow cyclists to choose operating speed ÂPreferred over shared lanes/wide outside lanes ÂBicyclists prefer bicycle lane continuity ÂStill sensitive to adjacent traffic volumes and speeds
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ENGINEERING JUDGMENT
“The treatments described reflect typical situations; local conditions may vary and engineering judgment should be applied.”
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS Â…widths should be determined by context and anticipated use. ÂMeasure to center of line ÂBicyclists preferred operating width is at least 5 feet
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS NO GUTTER, CURB, OR PARKING Â4 foot minimum
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS NO GUTTER WITH CURB (NO PARKING) Â5 foot typical Â4 foot allowed ÂConstrained, low speed roads ÂAll other lanes narrowed first ÂAdditional width improves comfort and safety
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS WITH GUTTER AND CURB Â5 foot minimum with 12-inch gutter Â6 foot minimum with 24-inch gutter ÂAdditional width improves comfort and safety
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DRAINAGE CONSIDERATIONS WITH CURBSIDE BIKE LANES ÂUseable width of 4 feet is recommended ÂDrainage grates ÂReduce effective width of 4 Feet bike lane ÂUse bicycle compatible grates ÂWiden bike lane or relocate grate if the clear bike lane operating space falls below 4 feet
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS ADJACENT TO PARALLEL PARKING ÂBike lane width: Â5 foot minimum Â6 or 7 foot width adjacent to high turnover parking ÂWider lanes where parking in high demand may encourage double parking ÂParking lane width: Â8 foot desirable Â7 foot minimum
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS ADJACENT TO PARALLEL PARKING ÂCombined bike and parking lane width should be a minimum of13 feet where parking line is not utilized
13 Feet
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS ADJACENT TO PARALLEL PARKING ÂCombined bike and parking lane width may be a minimum of12 feet where parking line is marked
12 Feet
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DOORING CONCERNS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DESIGNS TO REDUCE DOORING
Wider Bike Lanes Wider Parking Lanes
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DESIGNS TO REDUCE DOORING
Buffered door zone Parking “Tees”
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DESIGNS TO REDUCE DOORING
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BIKE LANES AND ANGLED PARKING
“Bike lanes should normally not be placed adjacent to conventional front-in diagonal parking . . . “
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BIKE LANES AND ANGLED PARKING
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BIKE LANES AND ANGLED PARKING
The use of back-in diagonal parking can mitigate the conflicts normally associated with front-in parking.
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE WIDTHS SIDE BY SIDE RIDING ÂMinimum widths of 6 - 8 feet: ÂAllow cyclists to ride side by side ÂIncrease comfort on higher speed/volume roads ÂMay be inclusive of “buffer” if present
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE MARKINGS AND SIGNS
 Bike lane line and bike symbol required  Parking line optional  Bike lane signs optional
Optional Required
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE MARKINGS AND SIGNS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE MARKINGS AND SIGNS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANE MARKINGS AND SIGNS
ÂBoth symbols still allowed or the words “BIKE LANE” ÂSymbols spaced between 100 feet and 1,000 feet ÂPlace close to locations motorists will cross bike lanes
{Enter Module Name on Master Slide} BICYCLE LANES ON TWO-WAY STREETS
ÂIn most cases, install bicycle lane on both sides of street ÂIn some circumstances, it may be desirable to install a bike lane on one side of a narrow street with shared lane markings opposite side (of bike lane)
{Enter Module Name on Master Slide} CLIMBING LANES ON TWO WAY STREETS
ÂInstall bike lane in uphill direction ÂInstall shared lane markings in downhill direction
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANES ON ONE-WAY STREETS
 Generally, right side bike lanes preferred  Left side bike lanes can be beneficial on one-way streets:  high volume of left-turning bicyclists  To decrease conflicts with ÂTruck loading ÂBuses and transit stops Âheavy right turn volumes Âdooring
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign CONTRA-FLOW BIKE LANES
ÂPlaced on the right side of road ÂProvide a bicycle facility in the “with traffic” direction ÂBike lane ÂShared lane marking ÂDouble yellow lines or physical separation
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign CONTRA-FLOW BIKE LANES
ÂRequires “Except Bicycles” supplemental plaque ÂSignals oriented to bicyclists may be needed at signalized intersections
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BUFFERED BIKE LANES
ÂStriped buffers may be used to provide increased separation to parking or travel lanes
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BICYCLE LANES AT INTERSECTIONS
 Principles for good design:  Minimize free-flowing movements  Provide guidance to bicyclists and motorists  Direct, logical routing  Signal accommodations provided  May use dotted or solid lines on approaches  Consider state or local laws
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BIKE LANE WIDTHS AT INTERSECTIONS
4 foot minimum 5 feet or wider preferred
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign SOLID LANE LINES VS DOTTED
ÂSolid lane lines discourage crossing or merging ÂDashed lane lines encourage crossing or merging ÂConsider state and local laws for motorists turning at intersections
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DOTTED BIKE LANE LINES
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign SOLID LANE LINES
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign RIGHT TURN CONSIDERATIONS
ÂBike lane may be dotted, solid, or dropped ÂSolid or dotted? ÂVolume of right turning vehicles ÂBus stops ÂMotor vehicle speed ÂState or local law ÂIncorporate R4-4 sign at start of right turn lane
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign LEFT TURN CONSIDERATIONS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DOTTED LINES THROUGH INTERSECTIONS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DOTTED LINES AND COLORED PAVEMENT
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign DOTTED LINES AND COLORED PAVEMENT
ÂGreen can be dashed to match dotted lines ÂGreen can utilized to silhouette standard MUTCD word and symbol markings
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign BIKE LANES AT BUS STOPS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign RETROFITTING ON EXISTING STREETS AND HIGHWAYS ÂNew section ÂReallocation of Roadway Space ÂNarrowing lane widths (lane diets) ÂRemoving travel lanes or parking lanes (road diets) ÂReconfiguration or removal of parking ÂConstruction improvements ÂRelocate drainage inlets ÂReconstruct or remove gutters ÂSurface repairs
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS
ÂReducing Travel Lane Width ÂReducing the Number of Travel Lanes (4-3) Â15,000 vpd = Good Candidate Â15-20,000 vpd = Requires Engineering Study Â20,000+ vpd = Still Possible
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS – 4 LANES TO 3
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS – UNBALANCED LANES
One lane approaching Two lanes approaching the middle of bridge intersections
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS – TRAVEL LANE REMOVAL
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS – TRAVEL LANE REMOVAL
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS –TRAVEL LANE REPURPOSING
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS – PARKING LANE REMOVAL
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign ROAD DIETS
Benefits include: ÂProvision of bicycle lanes ÂTraffic calming/speed reduction ÂCrash reductions ÂPedestrian safety ÂProvision of space for turn lanes ÂReduced traffic noise ÂIncreased comfort to pedestrians and bicyclists
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign LANE DIETS
Narrow arterial lanes up to 10 feet acceptable citing research narrow lanes don’t increase crash rates.
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign LANE DIETS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign CONSTRUCTION IMPROVEMENTS
Gutter Seam Raveling Gutter Removal
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign EXAMPLE APPLYING PRINCIPALS OF GUIDE TO BIKE LANE ENDS SITUATIONS
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign EXAMPLE APPLYING PRINCIPLES OF GUIDE TO BIKE LANE ENDS SITUATIONS
Share the Road Bikes May Use Full Lane  Lane width >14 feet  Lane width <14 feet
{Enter Module Name on Master Slide} THANK YOU!
Contact information:
Bill Schultheiss, P.E. Toole Design Group Questions? [email protected]
Jennifer Toole Nick Jackson Toole Design Group Toole Design Group [email protected] [email protected]
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign FUTURE WEBINARS
 August 10: Overview  October 9: Shared Use Paths  August 22: Planning Chapter  General design principles  September 4: On-Road  Pathway geometry Bikeways Part I  October 23: Shared Use Paths  Bike Lanes (including Intersections)  Intersection Design  September 18: On-Road  Mid-block crossings Bikeways Part II  November 6: Bikeway  Shared lanes Maintenance and Operation  Bicycle boulevards & signing  Signals
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign WEBINAR 4: OTHER ON-ROAD BIKEWAYS
ÂDesign of other on-road bicycle facilities (shared lanes, paved shoulders, bike boulevards) ÂTraffic signal design for bicycles ÂFundamentals of bicycle guide signs (wayfinding)
Webinar Date: September 18th Presenters: William Schultheiss, PE & Christina Fink, PE
https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/432436666
On Road Bikeways Part 1: Bicycle Lane Design Follow the conversation: @tooledesign