DOCSLIB.ORG

Studia BAS Nr 3(27) 2011

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studia BAS Nr 3(27) 2011 Studia BAS Studia Biura Analiz Sejmowych kancelarii sejmu 3(27) 2011 ISSN 2080-2404 3(27) 2011 Wybrane problemy systemów wyborczych systemów problemy Wybrane Wybrane problemy systemów wyborczych „Studia BAS” znajdują się w wykazie czasopism naukowych prowadzonym przez Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego dla potrzeb oceny jednostek Biuro Analiz Sejmowych zapewnia posłom i organom Sejmu informacje o szczególnej naukowych z przyznaną liczbą 6 punktów. rzetelności, które pozwalają na bezpieczne i efektywne wykonywanie mandatu poselskiego oraz gwarantują właściwą pozycję parlamentu w systemie trójpodziału władzy. TM Biuro wykonuje swe zadania na rzecz Sejmu i jego organów, klubów parlamentarnych i kół poselskich, EMIS jak również indywidualnych posłów. TM EMERGING MARKETS INFORMATION SERVICE A PRODUCT OF ISI EMERGING MARKETS Dorobek BAS udostępniany jest przez wydawnictwa, elektroniczną bazę danych oraz konfe- rencje i seminaria. Wydawnictwa Biura Analiz Sejmowych: Przed pierwszym czytaniem – seria zawierająca ekspertyzy Biura. Składa się przede wszystkim z opinii do projektów ustaw i jest w efekcie dokumentacją procesu stanowienia ich kształtu. POLECAMY RÓwnież POPRZEDNIE NUMERY KWARTALNIKA Tytuł stanowi nasze zobowiązanie do jak najszybszego dostarczania informacji w procesie „Studia BAS” legislacyjnym. „INFOS. Zagadnienia społeczno-gospodarcze” – pismo z krótkimi publikacjami informacyjno-anali- tycznymi, dotyczącymi zagadnień ważnych dla Polski i jej społeczeństwa. Naszą ambicją jest, aby Zasada równości i zasada niedyskryminacji poruszane zagadnienia stały się inspiracją dla parlamentarzystów w ich pracy poselskiej. pod redakcją B. Kłos i J. Szymańczak „Studia BAS” – kwartalnik o profilu społeczno-gospodarczym. Każdy numer czasopisma poświę- cony jest wybranemu tematowi ekonomicznemu lub społecznemu. Wybór zagadnień po- Innowacyjność polskiej gospodarki dyktowany jest aktualnością problematyki, jej wagą społeczną, a także związkiem z pracami pod redakcją A. Zygierewicz parlamentu. Rozwój obszarów wiejskich w Polsce „Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS” – kwartalnik ukazujący się od 2004 roku. Publikuje materiały przygotowywane na zlecenie posłów i organów Sejmu przez ekspertów Biura Analiz Sejmowych. pod redakcją B. Kłos i D. Stankiewicz Analizy BAS – seria wydawnicza dostępna jedynie w formie elektronicznej. Publikacja uzupełnia istnie- Polityka budżetowa jące drukowane formy wydawnicze. Tematyka kolejnych numerów nawiązuje do współczesnych pod redakcją G. Gołębiowskiego zagadnień społeczno-gospodarczych i prawnych. Prezentuje efekty prac ekspertów BAS warte przekazania szerokiemu gronu odbiorców. Polityka oświatowa pod redakcją M. Korolewskiej i J. Osieckiej-Chojnackiej Wszystkie wydawnictwa są rozprowadzane nieodpłatnie wśród posłów i senatorów oraz w środowi- Polityka energetyczna skach naukowych i akademickich. Wersja elektroniczna dostępna jest na stronie internetowej Biura pod redakcją M. Sobolewskiego Analiz Sejmowych www.bas.sejm.gov.pl. Zdrowie Polaków Konferencje i seminaria pod redakcją G. Ciury Biuro Analiz Sejmowych organizuje konferencje i seminaria. Przygotowuje je wspólnie z komisjami Społeczeństwo informacyjne sejmowymi. Tematy związane są merytorycznie z pracami komisji i Sejmu. pod redakcją D. Grodzkiej Baza danych na naszej stronie internetowej – można tu znaleźć wszystkie wydawnictwa oraz eks- Polityka młodzieżowa pertyzy i opinie przygotowane przez ekspertów Biura. pod redakcją G. Zielińskiej Dzieci z grup ryzyka pod redakcją J. Szymańczak Wybrane problemy wspierania przedsiębiorstw w Polsce Adres pod redakcją G. Gołębiowskiego i A. Zygierewicz Biuro Analiz Sejmowych Kancelarii Sejmu ul. Zagórna 3 Tendencje w opodatkowaniu dochodów osób fizycznych 00-441 Warszawa w państwach UE, t. II pod redakcją M. Korolewskiej Tel. (22) 694 17 27 • Faks (22) 694 18 65 e-mail: [email protected] • [email protected] Tendencje w opodatkowaniu dochodów osób fizycznych strona: www.bas.sejm.gov.pl w państwach UE, t. I pod redakcją M. Korolewskiej Studia BAS Nr 3(27) 2011 Wybrane problemy systemów wyborczych pod redakcją Dobromira Dziewulaka Biuro Analiz Sejmowych Kancelarii Sejmu Rada programowa: dr Grzegorz Gołębiowski – przewodniczący, prof. dr hab. Henryk Dzwonkowski, dr Kamilla Marchewka‑Bartkowiak, dr Piotr Radziewicz, dr Dorota Stankiewicz, dr Adam Szafrański, dr Zofia Szpringer Kolegium redakcyjne: dr Piotr Russel (redaktor naczelny), dr Dobromir Dziewulak, Mirosław Gwiazdowicz, Bożena Kłos, Monika Korolewska, Gabryjela Zielińska (sekretarz redakcji) Redakcja: Teresa Muś Skład: Janusz Świnarski © Copyright by BAS Warszawa 2011 Biuro Analiz Sejmowych Kancelarii Sejmu 00‑441 Warszawa, ul. Zagórna 3 tel. (22) 694 17 53 faks (22) 694 18 65 e‑mail: [email protected] Wszystkie zamieszczone artykuły są recenzowane. Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone. Żadna część ani całość opracowania nie może być bez zgo‑ dy wydawcy – Kancelarii Sejmu – reprodukowana, użyta do innej publikacji oraz prze‑ chowywana w jakiejkolwiek bazie danych. ISSN 2080‑2404 Wydawnictwo Sejmowe Kancelarii Sejmu Druk i oprawa: Wojskowa Drukarnia w Łodzi sp. z o.o. Spis treści Wprowadzenie ........................................................................................................................................................5 Łukasz Żołądek Przymus wyborczy. Geneza, praktyka funkcjonowania, argumenty za i przeciw ...............7 Arkadiusz Żukowski Z problematyki depozytów wyborczych na świecie ........................................................................31 Bartłomiej Michalak Mieszane systemy wyborcze na przykładzie Włoch i Rosji. Ordynacja doskonała czy niespełnione nadzieje? .............................................................................51 Marta Czakowska, Paweł Raźny Konstrukcja prawna komitetu wyborczego w kontekście zasady równych szans wyborczych ..............................................................................................................................................73 Jarosław Zbieranek Alternatywne procedury głosowania w Polsce na tle państw Unii Europejskiej ................93 Michał Czakowski E‑voting na przykładzie Estonii i Brazylii ............................................................................................. 121 Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................5 Łukasz Żołądek Compulsory voting: origins, operation, pros and cons.......................................................................7 Arkadiusz Żukowski Electoral deposit in election law systems in the world .....................................................................31 Bartłomiej Michalak Mixed-member electoral systems in Italy and Russia: ideal solution or unfulfilled hopes? ..........................................................................................................................................51 Marta Czakowska, Paweł Raźny Legal status of a campaign committee relating to the principle of equal elections ........73 Jarosław Zbieranek Alternative voting methods in Poland compared with other EU member states ..............93 Michał Czakowski E‑voting in Estonia and Brazil .................................................................................................................. 121 Wprowadzenie Niniejszy numer „Studiów BAS” poświęcony został wybranym proble‑ mom systemów wyborczych. System wyborczy jako fundament każdego państwa w istotnym stopniu decyduje o jego charakterze ustrojowym oraz o kształcie sceny politycznej. System wyborczy opisuje zasady dotyczą‑ ce trybu przygotowania i przeprowadzenia wyborów oraz określa zasady podziału uzyskanych mandatów. W wyniku aktu wyborczego obywatele wybierają spośród zgłoszonych kandydatów swoich przedstawicieli do or‑ ganów władzy. Dokonany wybór skutkuje więc konsekwencjami nie tylko politycznymi, ale także związanymi z codziennym życiem wyborcy. Warto zatem spojrzeć na zagadnienia prezentowane w tym zeszycie w szerokiej perspektywie procesów wyborczych. Artykuły tu zebrane mogą stanowić podłoże i przyczynek do dyskusji nad różnymi zagadnieniami związanymi z problematyką wyborczą. Publikacja ta powstała przy współpracy z Cen‑ trum Studiów Wyborczych UMK w Toruniu. W artykule otwierającym trzeci w roku 2011 numer „Studiów BAS” Łukasz Żołądek przedstawił zagadnienia związane z instytucją przymu‑ su wyborczego. Autor wyjaśnia podstawowe pojęcia, prezentuje przymus wyborczy w perspektywie historycznej oraz przedstawia jego stan aktual‑ ny. Omawia funkcjonowanie przymusu wyborczego, zwracając szczególną uwagę na zasady przymusowego głosowania, kwestie stosowania sankcji za niegłosowanie oraz wpływ przymusu na frekwencję wyborczą. Autor pre‑ zentuje także wątki toczącej się wieloletniej debaty na temat zasadności in‑ stytucji obowiązkowego głosowania. Kolejny artykuł poświęcono depozytom wyborczym, zwanym także kaucją wyborczą lub kaucją pieniężną. Arkadiusz Żukowski zdefiniował pojęcie depozytu wyborczego oraz na przykładzie wybranych państw opi‑ sał mechanizm zastosowania depozytu w większościowych, mieszanych i proporcjonalnych systemach wyborczych. Wiele miejsca poświęcił na omówienie rozwiązań dotyczących zwrotu depozytu wyborczego w wy‑ branych krajach z różnych kontynentów i systemów wyborczych. Dokonał 5 porównania wysokości depozytów wyborczych stosowanych w wyborach parlamentarnych i prezydenckich. Na koniec podjął ogólną próbę oceny instytucji depozytów wyborczych oraz przedstawienia
Load more

Recommended publications
  • President Addresses First Joint Session of New Kazakh Parliament
    +5° / +1°C WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30, 2016 No 6 (96) www.astanatimes.com President Addresses First Exit Poll Says Nur Otan Joint Session of New Kazakh Wins Overwhelmingly as Parliament, Sets Priorities Mazhilis Retains Previous Makeup greens Birlik (Unity) grabbed mea- By Galiaskar Seitzhan ger 0.35 percent. This outcome is basically a virtual repetition of the ASTANA – President Nursultan previous parliamentary election in Nazarbayev-led Nur Otan Party January 2012, which ended with won 82 percent of the popular vote very similar results. in the parliamentary election in Turnout, however, proved strong- Kazakhstan, according to exit poll er this time setting a new record in results announced at midnight on the country’s electoral history and March 21. beating the result from four years The survey also showed the ruling ago when 75.45 percent of regis- party will be opposed by the same tered voters showed up at the polls. parties in the new convocation of Yulia Kuchinskaya, head of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev (at the speaking rostrum) addresses the first joint session of the Senate and the Mazhilis on March 25. the Mazhilis (the national legisla- Astana-based Institute of Democ- ture’s lower chamber) as it was the racy sociological survey company pro-business Ak zhol Democratic According to Kazakhstan’s Cen- niversary of independence with Nazarbayev recalled that the omy of Kazakhstan. Various social Party and leftist Communist Peo- tral Election Commission Chair- By Malika orazgaliyeva the newly elected parliament. 25th anniversary of Kazakhstan’s problems grow even in relatively ple’s Party again barely crossed the man (CEC) Kuandyk Turgankulov, Three parties and nine members independence coincided with a prosperous countries, he noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislative Chambers: Unicameral Or Bicameral?
    Legislative Chambers: Unicameral or Bicameral? Legislative Chambers: Unicameral or Bicameral? How many chambers a parliament should have is a controversial question in constitutional law. Having two legislative chambers grew out of the monarchy system in the UK and other European countries, where there was a need to represent both the aristocracy and the common man, and out of the federal system in the US. where individual states required representation. In recent years, unicameral systems, or those with one legislative chamber, were associated with authoritarian states. Although that perception does not currently hold true, there appears to be a general trend toward two chambers in emerging democracies, particularly in larger countries. Given historical, cultural and political factors, governments must decide whether one-chamber or two chambers better serve the needs of the country. Bicameral Chambers A bicameral legislature is composed of two-chambers, usually termed the lower house and upper house. The lower house is usually based proportionally on population with each member representing the same number of citizens in each district or region. The upper house varies more broadly in the way in which members are selected, including inheritance, appointment by various bodies and direct and indirect elections. Representation in the upper house can reflect political subdivisions, as is the case for the US Senate, German Bundesrat and Indian Rajya Sabha. Bicameral systems tend to occur in federal states, because of that system’s two-tiered power structure. Where subdivisions are drawn to coincide with other important societal units, the upper house can serve to represent ethnic, religious or tribal groupings, as in India or Ethiopia.
    [Show full text]
  • A Potential Political Revolution Academic Analysis of the Alternative Vote Dr Michael Pinto-Duschinsky
    May 2011 A Potential Political Revolution Academic analysis of the Alternative Vote Dr Michael Pinto-Duschinsky Executive Summary This paper builds upon earlier work by Policy Exchange in The Alternative Vote – the system no-one wants which found that the Alternative Vote failed to deliver on many of the claims made for it. This new research note surveys existing work on the subject to show that AV will create far more problems than it has a hope of solving. AV would mean more hung parliaments, and “throwing the rascals out” would become rarer Under the existing UK electoral system, only two out of the last 17 British general elections have failed to produce an overall majority for a single political party. This would change considerably under AV – with the number of hung parliaments increasing to seven. Elections in which no party won a majority of seats in the House of Commons would be at least three times as likely. The Conservatives would need to win an extra 26 seats to make up for their losses resulting from AV. Only three times since the Second World War has the party won a majority of a size that would withstand the likely loss of seats resulting from the introduction of AV. What effect would AV have on the different parties, when combined with boundary changes? The Political Studies Association has published a study by Alan Renwick (2011) on the probable results of the last seven general elections under the proposed system of AV. The Liberal Democrats would have won an average of 26 more seats.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Participants Liste Des Participants
    LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS 142nd IPU Assembly and Related Meetings (virtual) 24 to 27 May 2021 - 2 - Mr./M. Duarte Pacheco President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Président de l'Union interparlementaire Mr./M. Martin Chungong Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Secrétaire général de l'Union interparlementaire - 3 - I. MEMBERS - MEMBRES AFGHANISTAN RAHMANI, Mir Rahman (Mr.) Speaker of the House of the People Leader of the delegation EZEDYAR, Mohammad Alam (Mr.) Deputy Speaker of the House of Elders KAROKHAIL, Shinkai (Ms.) Member of the House of the People ATTIQ, Ramin (Mr.) Member of the House of the People REZAIE, Shahgul (Ms.) Member of the House of the People ISHCHY, Baktash (Mr.) Member of the House of the People BALOOCH, Mohammad Nadir (Mr.) Member of the House of Elders HASHIMI, S. Safiullah (Mr.) Member of the House of Elders ARYUBI, Abdul Qader (Mr.) Secretary General, House of the People Member of the ASGP NASARY, Abdul Muqtader (Mr.) Secretary General, House of Elders Member of the ASGP HASSAS, Pamir (Mr.) Acting Director of Relations to IPU Secretary to the delegation ALGERIA - ALGERIE GOUDJIL, Salah (M.) Président du Conseil de la Nation Président du Groupe, Chef de la délégation BOUZEKRI, Hamid (M.) Vice-Président du Conseil de la Nation (RND) BENBADIS, Fawzia (Mme) Membre du Conseil de la Nation Comité sur les questions relatives au Moyen-Orient KHARCHI, Ahmed (M.) Membre du Conseil de la Nation (FLN) DADA, Mohamed Drissi (M.) Secrétaire Général, Conseil de la Nation Secrétaire général
    [Show full text]
  • Standing Group on Parliaments 5Th Bi-Annual Conference
    Standing Group on Parliaments 5th bi-annual conference 27-29 June 2019 Leiden, the Netherlands We thank the Institute of Political Science for their financial support and ECPR Central Services for their logistical support and advice. LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Rudy Andeweg Tom Louwerse Tim Mickler Cynthia van Vonno 2 1. THE MAIN VENUES The welcome drinks and panels take place at the Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences of Leiden University. The address is: Pieter de la Court Building, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden. It is marked on the map below. The conference dinner on Friday takes place in Het Prentenkabinet, Kloksteeg 25 ( on the map). It is a 20-minute walk from the conference venue. Scan the QR code to open this map on your phone. 3 2. PARLIAMENT EXCURSION Participants who have registered for participation in the excursion to the Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, the lower chamber of the Dutch parliament, are expected at Leiden Centraal train station at 15h00 on Thursday 27 June. We will meet in the main hall of the train station in front of Starbucks. Important! You will need to buy your own return train ticket to The Hague Central station (‘Den Haag Centraal’) from the ticket machines at the station, or alternatively buy online beforehand. If you are already in The Hague, you can join us at the parliament building, entrance Lange Poten 4 (https://goo.gl/maps/ibaHM2PmVrK81dLC9). Important! Your ID card or passport is required to enter the building. Please do not bring large pieces of luggage. 3. LUNCH AND COFFEE BREAKS Lunches and coffee/tea breaks will take place in the Pieter de la Court building.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asia in January 2021
    Month in Review: Central Asia in January 2021 The first month of 2021 in the countries of Central Asia began with parliamentary and presidential elections in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the purchase of various vaccines for coronavirus, periodic protests, and an ambiguous epidemiological situation in different countries. The analytical platform CABAR.asia presents a brief overview of the major events in the region over the past month. Follow us on LinkedIn Kazakhstan General epidemiological situation In January, compared to December, there is an increase in the incidence of coronavirus by 10 percent in Kazakhstan, from 23.1 thousand to 25.6 thousand cases. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases of coronavirus infection in Kazakhstan, according to official data, amounted to 187 970. Where 2,556 people died (seven deaths were registered on January 31). Cancellation of strict quarantine in Almaty Almaty has moved from the “yellow” to the “green” zone in terms of the rate of detection of those infected with coronavirus. The city stayed in the “yellow” zone for one day – January 30. The severity of quarantine measures depends on which zone (“red”, “yellow” or “green”) the city or region is located in. Earlier, on January 28, Almaty was in the “red” zone, the sanitary inspector of the city Zhandarbek Bekshin decided to tighten quarantine measures from February 1. Among the measures taken were the mandatory hospitalization of patients with any form of coronavirus – mild or severe, a new schedule of catering from 9 am to 8 pm, a ban on work on the weekends. Bekshin also decided to suspend the work of cinemas and theaters, which had Month in Review: Central Asia in January 2021 begun work in October 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Joanna Marszałek-Kawa1 the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. the Organisation of Work, Competences and Legal Status Of
    „Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego” ------- Nr 2 (18)/2014 ------- Joanna Marszałek-Kawa1 The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The organisation of work, competences and legal status of deputies Keywords: The Republic of Kazakhstan, legislature, unicameral parliament, bicameral parliament, deputy, presidential system Słowa kluczowe: Republika Kazachstanu, legislatywa, jednoizbowy parlament, dwuiz- bowy parlament, deputowany, system prezydencki Summary According to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 30 August 1995, Ka- zakhstan has a presidential form of government. The executive power in Kazakhstan has two branches, i.e. it consists of the head of state – the President of the Republic – who is elected for the period of seven years in general, equal, direct and secret elections, and of the government, which is accountable to the President and the Parliament. On the basis of the provisions of chapter 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ka- zakhstan of 28 January 1993, the unicameral parliament called the „Supreme Coun- cil” was the only representative and legislative body of the Republic. Two years later, in the referendum held in August 1995, citizens voted for the establishment of a bicamer- al parliament. The work and activity of the legislative branch, its structure and powers, is regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, The Constitutional Law № 2529 of 16 October 1996 entitled On the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Sta- tus of Its Deputies as well as other acts, such as parliamentary rules of procedure of both chambers or the Regulations of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted by both chambers of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan at their joint session on 20 May 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory11.Pdf
    ISSN 1013-0365 World Directory of PARLIAMENTS INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION UNION INTERPARLEMENTAIRE Répertoire mondial des PARLEMENTS 2011 W orld Directory of P ARLIAMENTS INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION UNION INTERPARLEMENTAIRE Répertoire mondial des PARLEMENTS 2011 © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2011 ISSN 1013-0365 INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION Chemin du Pommier 5 Office of the Permanent Observer of the P.O. Box 330 IPU CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex/Geneva to the United Nations Switzerland 220 East 42nd Street - Suite 3002 New York, N.Y. 10017 United States of America Telephone (41 22) 919 41 50 Telephone (1 212) 557 58 80 Telefax (41 22) 919 41 60 Telefax (1 212) 557 39 54 E-mail [email protected] E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.ipu.org © Union interparlementaire 2011 ISSN 1013-0365 UNION INTERPARLEMENTAIRE Chemin du Pommier 5 Bureau de l'Observateur permanent de Case postale 330 l'UIP CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex/Genève auprès des Nations Unies Suisse 220 East 42nd Street - Suite 3002 New York, N.Y. 10017 Etats-Unis d'Amérique Téléphone (41 22) 919 41 50 Téléphone (1 212) 557 58 80 Télécopie (41 22) 919 41 60 Télécopie (1 212) 557 39 54 E-mail [email protected] E-mail [email protected] Site internet http://www.ipu.org INTRODUCTION This annual publication provides basic information on national parliaments/legislatures*. The information includes their composition, President/Speaker, Secretary General/Clerk and complete address (including e-mail and website, where applicable). Male officers are indicated by "(M)", female by "(F)". The "Last renewal" indicates the date of election for chambers that are directly or indirectly elected, and the date of appointment for appointed chambers.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct Democracy: Progress and Pitfalls of Election Technology
    ELECTION TECHNOLOGY SERIES Direct Democracy: Progress and Pitfalls of Election Technology Michael Yard Editor Direct Democracy Michael Yard Editor International Foundation for Electoral Systems Direct Democracy: Progress and Pitfalls of Election Technology Michael Yard Editor September 2010 Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Foundation for Electoral Systems. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Direct Democracy: Progress and Pitfalls of Election Technology, Michael Yard © 2010 by IFES. All rights reserved. IFES 1850 K St, NW Fifth Floor Washington, D.C. 20006 U.S.A. Notice of rights All rights reserved. No part of this report can be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed in United States of America ISBN: 1-931459-51-7 International Foundation for Electoral Systems i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication represents the efforts and contributions of a large number of people. It would not have been possible to complete this project without the dedicated support of IFES professionals in Washington, DC, and internationally. The project was made possible by the F. Clifton White Applied Research Center for Democracy and Elections (ARC). Specific thanks are due to ARC Director Rakesh Sharma and research staff, Gabrielle Bardall and Hani Zainulbhai, as well as Bella Desai and Theresa Yu Chen, of IFES’ Communication and Advocacy Division. Gabrielle has been integrally involved in the project from the beginning and has provided immeasurable guidance in establishing the framework, selecting the case studies, contacting writers, and giving patient but consistent reminders of looming deadlines.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections Volume 41
    Couverture_Ang:Mise en page 1 27.3.2008 14:33 Page 1 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2007 CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS VOLUME 41 Published annually in English and French since 1967, the Chronicle of Parliamen tary Elections reports on all national legislative elections held throughout the world during a given year. It includes information on the electoral system, the background and outcome of each election as well as statistics on the results, distribution of votes and distribution of seats according to political group, sex and age. The information contained in the Chronicle can also be found in the IPU’s database on national parliaments, PARLINE. PARLINE is accessible on the IPU web site (http://www.ipu.org) and is continually updated. Inter-Parliamentary Union VOLUME 41 5, chemin du Pommier Case postale 330 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Geneva – Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 2007 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ipu.org 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections VOLUME 41 1 January - 31 December 2007 © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2008 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X Photo credits Front cover: Photo AFP/Pascal Pavani Back cover: Photo AFP/Tugela Ridley Inter-Parliamentary Union Office of the Permanent Observer of 5, chemin du Pommier the IPU to the United Nations Case postale 330 220 East 42nd Street CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Suite 3002 Geneva — Switzerland New York, N.Y. 10017 USA Tel.: + 41 22
    [Show full text]
  • The UK's CHANGING
    Democratic Audit The UK’S CHANGING DEMOCRACY The 2018 Democratic Audit Edited by Patrick Dunleavy, Alice Park and Ros Taylor The UK’S CHANGING DEMOCRACY The 2018 Democratic Audit Edited by Patrick Dunleavy, Alice Park and Ros Taylor Democratic Audit Published by LSE Press 10 Portugal Street London WC2A 2HD press.lse.ac.uk First published 2018 Cover and design: Diana Jarvis Cover image: Union Jack © kycstudio/iStock Printed in the UK by Lightning Source Ltd. ISBN (Paperback): 978-1-909890-44-2 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-909890-46-6 ISBN (ePub): 978-1-909890-47-3 ISBN (Kindle): 978-1-909890-48-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31389/book1 Text © Democratic Audit and the individual authors. Images © Democratic Audit and the individual authors or copyright holders attributed in the source information. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 2.0 UK: England & Wales licence. To view a copy of this licence, go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/2.0/uk/. This licence allows for copying and distributing the work in any form and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for noncommercial purposes, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Note, copyright restrictions apply to some images; see source information for individual licensing terms, where they differ. This book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards. For our full publishing ethics policies, see http://press.lse.ac.uk Suggested citation: Dunleavy, P, Park, A and Taylor R (eds), 2018, The UK’s Changing Democracy: The 2018 Democratic Audit, London, LSE Press.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction
    1. INTRODUCTION “Unity! Stability! Creativity!”. This is the slogan of Nur Otan, the political party of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the Republic of Kazakhstan’s first and only Sincepresident. 1991, Nazarbayev has sought to promote a sense of national unity. Yet - this report, published shortly after the 25th anniversary of Kazakhstan’s inde pendence, finds that this unity has not been built on the state’s multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-lingual past. Instead, we find that the unity which the state pursues excludes many groups, in particular those whose religion, ethnicity or political opinion challenges the vision promoted by Nazarbayev. - The 2011 Law on Religious Activity and Religious Associations explicitly- emphasises the centrality of Hanafi Islam and Russian Orthodoxy to Ka zakhstani culture and imposes onerous registration requirements, indirect ly discriminating against minority religious groups. The unofficial policy of “Kazakhisation” – the promotion of the Kazakhstani national identity and- the history, language and culture of ethnic Kazakhs as one and the same – and its application to language policy in particular creates barriers for eth nic minorities in accessing public services, public employment and public education. Through both legal and extra-legal means, the state has denied basisor limited of political the rights opinion. to freedom from arbitrary detention and the freedoms of expression, assembly and association in ways which discriminate on the - The notion of national unity promoted by the state also leaves out women, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (LGBT), persons with disa bilities and those living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Women experience discrimination in many areas of life: discriminatory labour and criminal laws remain in force, gender-based violence remains a significant problem and there is widespread gender inequality in then employment market.
    [Show full text]