The Hallmarks of Cancer a Long Non-Coding RNA Point of View
review REVIEW RNA Biology 9:6, 703-719; June 2012; © 2012 Landes Bioscience The hallmarks of cancer A long non-coding RNA point of view Tony Gutschner and Sven Diederichs* Helmholtz-University-Group “Molecular RNA Biology & Cancer”; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany Keywords: non-coding RNA, ncRNA, lincRNA, gene expression, carcinogenesis, tumor biology, cancer therapy, MALAT1, HOTAIR, XIST, T-UCR Abbreviations: ALT, alternative lengthening of telomeres; AR, androgen receptor; ANRIL, antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus; Bax, BCL2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B cell CLL/lymphoma 2; Bcl-xL, B cell lymphoma-extra large; CBX, chromobox homolog; cIAP2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis; CUDR, cancer upregulated drug resistant; EMT, epithelial- mesenchymal-transition; eNOS, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase; ER, estrogen receptor; GAGE6, G antigene 6; GAS5, growth-arrest specific 5; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; HMGA1, high mobility group AT-hook 1; hnRNP, heterogenous ribonucleoprotein; HOTAIR, HOX antisense intergenic RNA; HOX, homeobox; HULC, highly upregulated in liver cancer; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; lincRNA, long intergenic RNA; MALAT1, metastasis associated long adenocarcinoma transcript 1; Mdm2, murine double minute 2; miRNA, microRNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; Myc, myelocytomatosis oncogene; NAT, natural antisense transcript; ncRNA, non-coding
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