The Key to Keyhaven
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Comparison of Swamp Forest and Phragmites Australis
COMPARISON OF SWAMP FOREST AND PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS COMMUNITIES AT MENTOR MARSH, MENTOR, OHIO A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Jenica Poznik, B. S. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Master's Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Craig Davis, Advisor Dr. Peter Curtis Dr. Jeffery Reutter School of Natural Resources ABSTRACT Two intermixed plant communities within a single wetland were studied. The plant community of Mentor Marsh changed over a period of years beginning in the late 1950’s from an ash-elm-maple swamp forest to a wetland dominated by Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel. Causes cited for the dieback of the forest include salt intrusion from a salt fill near the marsh, influence of nutrient runoff from the upland community, and initially higher water levels in the marsh. The area studied contains a mixture of swamp forest and P. australis-dominated communities. Canopy cover was examined as a factor limiting the dominance of P. australis within the marsh. It was found that canopy openness below 7% posed a limitation to the dominance of P. australis where a continuous tree canopy was present. P. australis was also shown to reduce diversity at sites were it dominated, and canopy openness did not fully explain this reduction in diversity. Canopy cover, disturbance history, and other environmental factors play a role in the community composition and diversity. Possible factors to consider in restoring the marsh are discussed. KEYWORDS: Phragmites australis, invasive species, canopy cover, Mentor Marsh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A project like this is only possible in a community, and more people have contributed to me than I can remember. -
Evaluation of Approaches for Mapping Tidal Wetlands of the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays
remote sensing Article Evaluation of Approaches for Mapping Tidal Wetlands of the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays Brian T. Lamb 1,2,* , Maria A. Tzortziou 1,3 and Kyle C. McDonald 1,2,4 1 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; [email protected] (M.A.T.); [email protected] (K.C.M.) 2 Earth and Environmental Sciences Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA 3 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 4 Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 July 2019; Accepted: 3 October 2019; Published: 12 October 2019 Abstract: The spatial extent and vegetation characteristics of tidal wetlands and their change are among the biggest unknowns and largest sources of uncertainty in modeling ecosystem processes and services at the land-ocean interface. Using a combination of moderate-high spatial resolution ( 30 meters) optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery, we evaluated several ≤ approaches for mapping and characterization of wetlands of the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. Sentinel-1A, Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), PALSAR-2, Sentinel-2A, and Landsat 8 imagery were used to map wetlands, with an emphasis on mapping tidal marshes, inundation extents, and functional vegetation classes (persistent vs. non-persistent). We performed initial characterizations at three target wetlands study sites with distinct geomorphologies, hydrologic characteristics, and vegetation communities. -
Coastal Landfill and Shoreline Management: Implications for Coastal Adaptation Infrastructure
NERC Environmental Risk to Infrastructure Innovation Programme (ERIIP) Coastal Landfill and Shoreline Management: Implications for Coastal Adaptation Infrastructure Case Study: Pennington Prepared by: R.P. Beaven, A.S. Kebede, R.J. Nicholls, I.D. Haigh, J. Watts, A. Stringfellow This report was produced by the University of Southampton Waste Management Research Group and Energy and Climate Change Group as part of a study for the “Coastal landfill and shoreline management: implications for coastal adaptation infrastructure” project. This was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC: NE/N012909/1) as part of the Environmental Risks to Infrastructure Innovation Programme. Suggested citation: R.P. Beaven, R.J. Nicholls, I.D. Haigh, A.S. Kebede, J. Watts, A. Stringfellow, 2018. Coastal Landfill and Shoreline Management: Implications for Coastal Adaptation Infrastructure — Pennington Marshes Case Study. Report for Natural Environment Research Council. 37pp. Cover photograph, courtesy of Anne Stringfellow, University of Southampton. View of Pennington seawall (2018). 2 Table of Contents: Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 2. Background ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Study -
Draft Wetland Mapping Standard
FGDC Working Draft Wetland Mapping Standard FGDC Wetland Subcommittee and Wetland Mapping Standard Workgroup Submitted by: Margarete Heber Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Date: March 26, 2007 Federal Geographic Data Committee Wetland Mapping Standard Table of Contents 1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background.......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objective.............................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Scope.................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Applicability ........................................................................................................ 4 1.5 FGDC Standards and Other Related Practices..................................................... 4 1.6 Standard Development Procedures and Representation ...................................... 5 1.7 Maintenance Authority ........................................................................................ 5 2 FGDC requirements and Quality components............................................................ 6 2.1 Source Imagery .................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Classification....................................................................................................... -
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY and the NATIONAL WETLANDS RESEARCH CENTER PROJECT REPORT FOR: GALVESTON BAY INTRODUCTION the U.S. Fi
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY AND THE NATIONAL WETLANDS RESEARCH CENTER PROJECT REPORT FOR: GALVESTON BAY INTRODUCTION The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory is producing maps showing the location and classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. The Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States by Cowardin et al. is the classification system used to define and classify wetlands. Upland classification will utilize the system put forth in., A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System For Use With Remote Sensor Data. by James R. Anderson, Ernest E. Hardy, John T. Roach, and Richard E. Witmer. Photo interpretation conventions, hydric soils-lists and wetland plants lists are also available to enhance the use and application of the classification system. The purpose of the report to users is threefold: (1) to provide localized information regarding the production of NWI maps, including field reconnaissance with a discussion of imagery and interpretation; (2) to provide a descriptive crosswalk from wetland codes on the map to common names and representative plant species; and (3) to explain local geography, climate, and wetland communities. II. FIELD RECONNAISSANCE Field reconnaissance of the work area is an integral part for the accurate interpretation of aerial photography. Photographic signatures are compared to the wetland's appearance in the field by observing vegetation, soil and topography. Thus information is weighted for seasonality and conditions existing at the time of photography and at ground truthing. Project Area The project area is located in the southeastern portion of Texas along the coast. Ground truthing covered specific quadrangles of each 1:100,000 including Houston NE, Houston SE, Houston NW, and Houston SW (See Appendix A, Locator Map). -
Appendix B Wells Harbor Ecology (Materials from the Wells NERR)
APPENDICES Appendix B Wells Harbor Ecology (materials from the Wells NERR) CHAPTER 8 Vegetation Caitlin Mullan Crain lants are primary producers that use photosynthesis ter). In this chapter, we will describe what these vegeta- to convert light energy into carbon. Plants thus form tive communities look like, special plant adaptations for Pthe base of all food webs and provide essential nutrition living in coastal habitats, and important services these to animals. In coastal “biogenic” habitats, the vegetation vegetative communities perform. We will then review also engineers the environment, and actually creates important research conducted in or affiliated with Wells the habitat on which other organisms depend. This is NERR on the various vegetative community types, giving particularly apparent in coastal marshes where the plants a unique view of what is known about coastal vegetative themselves, by trapping sediments and binding the communities of southern Maine. sediment with their roots, create the peat base and above- ground structure that defines the salt marsh. The plants OASTAL EGETATION thus function as foundation species, dominant C V organisms that modify the physical environ- Macroalgae ment and create habitat for numerous dependent Algae, commonly known as seaweeds, are a group of organisms. Other vegetation types in coastal non-vascular plants that depend on water for nutrient systems function in similar ways, particularly acquisition, physical support, and seagrass beds or dune plants. Vegetation is reproduction. Algae are therefore therefore important for numerous reasons restricted to living in environ- including transforming energy to food ments that are at least occasionally sources, increasing biodiversity, and inundated by water. -
Solent Grange, New Lane, Milford-On-Sea, Hampshire, So41 0Uq
www.haywardfox.co.uk SEA - ON - MILFORD GREEN, VILLAGE THE SOLENT GRANGE, NEW LANE, MILFORD-ON-SEA, MILFORD COURT, NEW LANE, MILFORD-ON-SEA, HAMPSHIRE SO41 0UQ HAMPSHIRE SO41 0UG Please note the photographs shown above were taken at other Royale development Example: THE AVANTI Example: THE CANFORD EXAMPLES OF LAYOUTS - OTHER STYLES AVAILABLE For more information on this property or to arrange an accompanied viewing, please contact: 01590 644933 or [email protected] Our offices are located in: Bransgore ~ 01425 673707 Brockenhurst ~ 01590 624300 Lymington ~ 01590 675424 Mayfair ~ 020 7079 1454 Milford on Sea ~ 01590 644933 New Milton ~ 01425 638656 Sway ~ 01590 681656 www.haywardfox.co.uk 9 High Street Milford on Sea Lymington Hampshire SO41 0QF Tel: 01590 644933 Fax: 01590 641836 Email: [email protected] SOLENT GRANGE, NEW LANE, MILFORD-ON-SEA, HAMPSHIRE SO41 0UQ PRICES FROM: £250,000 AN EXCITING BRAND NEW, GATED, FULLY RESIDENTIAL DETACHED LUXURY BUNGALOW DEVELOPMENT FOR THE OVER 45'S, IN 'TURN-KEY' CONDITION, FULLY FURNISHED, READY FOR IMMEDIATE OCCUPATION, WELL LOCATED A SHORT DISTANCE FROM THE VILLAGE CENTRE OF MILFORD-ON-SEA, ADJACENT TO STURT POND & KEYHAVEN NATURE RESERVE Spacious accommodation provided in a variety of styles depending on the size and model of each property, but primarily offering a sitting room, dining room, fully fitted kitchen, two double bedrooms, master bedroom with en-suite, bathroom, double glazing, gfch, parking and garden Appointments must be made via the Vendors Agents Hayward Fox SOLENT GRANGE, NEW LANE, MILFORD-ON-SEA, HAMPSHIRE, SO41 0UQ SOLENT GRANGE - This brand new development of fully residential luxury bungalows is set within a gated community, providing accommodation specifically for the over 45's. -
Hurst Spit to Lymington Project Introductory Briefing Note
Final June 2020 Hurst Spit to Lymington Project Introductory Briefing Note Introduction The Environment Agency in partnership with New Forest District Council, Hampshire County Council and Natural England with expert support from JBA Consulting are exploring a sustainable future for the coastal frontage between Hurst Spit and Lymington in relation to flood and coastal erosion risk management. This project aims to investigate if and how to respond to the significant challenges facing this area of coastline now and into the future, and how to fund any potential works going forward. This Briefing sets out more details, and we welcome your questions and input as the project develops. This coastal frontage is located within the New Forest and extends from Milford-on- Sea in the west, encompasses Keyhaven and Pennington Marshes extending up the Lymington River to the east (see Figure 1). The Hurst Spit to Lymington coastline is characterised by large areas of low-lying coastal habitats, including mudflats, saltmarsh and vegetated shingle. The existing defences, as well as protecting local communities, protects large areas of coastal grazing marsh and coastal lagoons. The habitats and the species which can be found along this section of coast are of international importance. The rich biodiversity creates the stunning landscape, which is accompanied by cultural and historical heritage of significant status. For these reasons the area attracts substantial visitor numbers and is enjoyed by a range of recreational users, for activities such as walking, sailing and fishing. These factors along with natural coastal processes will need to be carefully considered as the project develops. -
Keyhaven Marshes
Keyhaven Marshes This walk follows part of the Solent Way through a nature reserve rich in wildlife. Along the route there are views across the Solent to the Isle of Wight and the Needles and opportunities to watch the ever-changing bird life of Keyhaven Marshes. The path then cuts inland to follow an ancient highway behind the reserve before returning to Keyhaven. Be Forest Friendly: To help ground nesting birds rear their young safely, keep yourself, dogs and ridden horses on the main tracks from the beginning of March to the end of July. © Crown Copyright and database rights 2015 Ordnance Survey 1. Go through gate Quick Info From the bus stop continue along Keyhaven Road towards the coast. Take your first left onto a no through road directly opposite the Gun Inn. Pass Keyhaven public car park and toilets on your right and follow alongside the harbour wall to cross the mouth of Avon Water. Turn right Start / Finish at a waymarker post signed 'Solent Way Lymington' and through the gate (waypoint 1). Keyhaven green bus stop, SO41 0TG, Grid Ref: SZ 304 916 2. Information panel Distance 3-4 miles Go past an information panel (waypoint 2) and follow the gravel path along the top of the sea wall. Be aware that cyclists also share this footpath. At this point there are good views across the saltmarsh to Hurst Spit, and Hurst Castle and lighthouse. Duration 1-2 hours 3. Follow the sea wall Surface Continue following the Solent Way along the sea wall (waypoint 3). Please keep dogs under Gravel footpaths and quiet country close control and stay on the footpath to reduce disturbance to wildlife, in particular nesting, lanes. -
Environmental Science in the Course of Different Levels
THIS PAGE IS BLANK NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS New Delhi · Bangalore · Chennai · Cochin · Guwahati · Hyderabad Jalandhar · Kolkata · Lucknow · Mumbai · Ranchi PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com Copyright © 2006 New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to [email protected] ISBN (10) : 81-224-2330-2 ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2330-3 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com Education is a process of development which includes the three major activities, teaching, training and instruction. Teaching is social as well as a professional activity. It is science as well as art. Modern education is not in a sphere but it has a long and large area of study. Now a days most part of the world population is facing different problems related with the nature and they are studying the solutions to save the nature and global problems, but on the second hand we even today do not try to understand our local problems related to the nature. So for the awareness of the problems of P nature and pollution the higher education commission has suggested to add the Environmental Science in the course of different levels. -
Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands: an Introduction
ONE Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands: An Introduction RebeCCA R. SHARITZ, DAROLD P. BATZER, and STeveN C. PENNINGS WHAT IS A WETLAND? WHY ARE WETLANDS IMPORTANT? CHARACTERISTicS OF SeLecTED WETLANDS Wetlands with Predominantly Precipitation Inputs Wetlands with Predominately Groundwater Inputs Wetlands with Predominately Surface Water Inputs WETLAND LOSS AND DeGRADATION WHAT THIS BOOK COVERS What Is a Wetland? The study of wetland ecology can entail an issue that rarely Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and needs consideration by terrestrial or aquatic ecologists: the aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or need to define the habitat. What exactly constitutes a wet- near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. land may not always be clear. Thus, it seems appropriate Wetlands must have one or more of the following three to begin by defining the wordwetland . The Oxford English attributes: (1) at least periodically, the land supports predominately hydrophytes; (2) the substrate is pre- Dictionary says, “Wetland (F. wet a. + land sb.)— an area of dominantly undrained hydric soil; and (3) the substrate is land that is usually saturated with water, often a marsh or nonsoil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow swamp.” While covering the basic pairing of the words wet water at some time during the growing season of each year. and land, this definition is rather ambiguous. Does “usu- ally saturated” mean at least half of the time? That would This USFWS definition emphasizes the importance of omit many seasonally flooded habitats that most ecolo- hydrology, soils, and vegetation, which you will see is a gists would consider wetlands. -
Compiled and Circulated by Dr. Poulami Adhikary Mukherjee, Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Narajole Raj College
COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. POULAMI ADHIKARY MUKHERJEE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE SSoommee CCoommmmuunniittyy CChhaarraacctteerriissttiicc TTeerrmmiinnoollooggyy BBYY DDRR.. PPOOUULLAAMMII AADDHHIIKKAARRYY MMUUKKHHEERRJJEEEE AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT PPRROOFFEESSSSOORR DDEEPPAARRTTMMEENNTT OOFF ZZOOOOLLOOGGYY NNAARRAAJJOOLLEE RRAAJJ CCOOLLLLEEGGEE ZOOLOGY: SEM- I, PAPER- C2T: ECOLOGY, UNIT 3: COMMUNITY COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. POULAMI ADHIKARY MUKHERJEE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE Vertical Stratification: Stratification in the field of ecology refers to the vertical layering of a habitat; the arrangement of vegetation in layers. It classifies the layers (sing. stratum, pl. strata) of vegetation largely according to the different heights to which their plants grow. The individual layers are inhabited by different animal and plant communities (stratozones). The vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem is called stratification. Trees occupy the topmost vertical layer of a forest, shrubs occupy ZOOLOGY: SEM- I, PAPER- C2T: ECOLOGY, UNIT 3: COMMUNITY COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. POULAMI ADHIKARY MUKHERJEE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE the second layer, and herbs and grasses occupy the bottommost or base layers. Vertical structure in terrestrial plant habitats: The following layers are generally distinguished: forest floor (root and moss layers), herb, shrub, understory and canopy layers. These vegetation layers are primarily determined by the height of their individual plants, the different elements may however have a range of heights. The actual layer is characterised by the height ZOOLOGY: SEM- I, PAPER- C2T: ECOLOGY, UNIT 3: COMMUNITY COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. POULAMI ADHIKARY MUKHERJEE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE range in which the vast majority of photosynthetic organs (predominantly leaves) are found.