SNAKE, THE PLAIN AND ITS PEOPLE SOURCES/CRED ITS

SOURCES/ CREDITS

SE LECTIVE BI BLI OG RAP HY AN D SOU RCES OF TH E QUOTATIONS

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Lewis, "Fos­ Guidebook to the Geology of Central sil Hunting in Southern Idaho," al1d SOllthel'l1 Idaho : Idaho Geological Smithsoniall institute Exploration and SlI rvey Bll lletin, P.K. Link and W.R Field Work, no. 3300 (1934); Gertsch, H ackett, eds., no. 27 (1 988):283-301 ; Da rrell, "Con tours of Cha nge: Howard, K.A., ].W. Shervais, and Water Resource All ocation and E.H. McKee, "Canyon-filling La vas Economic Stabili ty in the Snake and Lava Dams on the Boise Ri ver, River Basin," Idaho Yesterdays 30 Idaho, and Their Significance fo r (S ummer/Spring 1986):1 2-19; Evalua ti on Downcutting During Hackett, Bill, Jack Pelton, and the Last Two Million Years," Ceno­ Chuck Brockway, Geohydrologic zoic Geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Story of the Eastern Snake River Plain M ines al1d Geo logy BlI lletin, Bill alld the Ida ho Nationa l Engilleering Bonnichsen and RM. Breckenridge, Laboratory (November 1986); Irv­ eds., no. 26 (1982):629-41 ; King,J.5., ing, Washington, The Adven til res of "Selected Volcanic Fea tures of the Captain Bonneville, USA, in the South-Central Snake Ri ver Plain, Rocky Mountains and the Far West Idaho," Cenozoic GeologJ) of ldaho: (1849) ["forl orn ... fantastic," "vol­ Idalia Bureau of Mines and Geology ca nic character" quotes from pp. Bu lletin, no. 26 (1982):439-52; Kuntz, 254-57, 261]; King, Clarence, Moun taineer­ M.A, "Geology of the Arco-Big ing in the Sierra Nevada (1903) ["blackened Large Springs and Their Alcoves Along Southern Butte Area, Eastern Snake Ri ver ruins" quote from p. 243]; Kirkham, Virgil the Snake Ri ver in Southern Idaho," Jour­ Plain, and Potential Volcanic Hazards to RD., "Oil Possibilities and Drilling Ac­ nal of Geology 44 (1 936):429-50; Stearns, the Radioactive Waste Managemen t Com­ ti vities in South Idaho," Idaho Engineer "Snake River- Ida ho's Greatest Re­ plex and Other Waste Storage and Reac­ 2:1 (1925):11-14; Maley, Terry, Exploring source," Idaho Power Company Bulletin 67 tor Facilities at the Idaho ational Engi­ Idaho Geology (1987); Plew, Mark G., An (May 1956):3-5; Swanson, Earl H.,Jr., "The neering Laboratory, Idaho," U.S. Geologi­ Introduction to the ArchaeologJ) of Southern Snake River Plain," Idaho Yesterdays 18 cal SlIrvey Open File Report, no. 78-691 Idaho (1986); Raymond, Rossiter W., Min­ (Summer 1974):2-11 . (1978); Kuntz, "Geologic Map of the Arco­ erai Resources of the States alld Territories Big Sou them Butte area, Butte, Blaine and West of the Rocky Mountains (1 869), ex­ Bingham Counties, Idaho," (1:48,000 scale) cerpted in "The Report of the SpeCial CH . 2: VO LCAN IC CRESCENT U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Repo rt, no. Commissioner," idaho Yesterdays 33 (Fall 78-302 (1978); Kuntz, M.A., and G. 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tin, interviewed by Glenn Oakley (Febru­ Hibbard Memorial Vol umeS (1975); State of Bonneville History," Tebiwa 9:2 (1966):1- ary 11, 1992, and March 20, 1993; Palmer, Idaho, Fish and Game Dept., Species Man­ 47; Butler, B. Robert, "A Bison Jump in the Tim, The Snake River: Window to the West agement PLan (1985); Tourism and Indus­ Upper Salmon River Valley," Tebiwa 14:1 (1991); Plew, Mark c., An Introduction to trial Development, Idaho Division,Idaho (1971):4-32; Butler, A Guide to Understand­ th e Archaeology of Southern Idaho (1986); ALmanac (1977); Trimble, Stephen, Th e ing Idaho Archaeology: Th e Upper Snake and Rue, Leonard Lee, Game Animals (1968); Sagebrush Ocean (1989); Udvardy, M.D. F., Salmon River Country (1978); Butler, "The Rhodenbaugh, Edward F., Sketches of and S. Rayfield, Th e Audubon Society Field Native Pottery of the Upper Snake and Idaho Geology (1961); Ronayne, Diane, "En­ Guide to North American Birds, Western Salmon River Country," Idaho Archaeolo­ chanted Circle," Northern Lights (Novem­ Region (1977); U.S. Bureau of Land Man­ gist 3:1 (1979):1-10; Butler, "Prehistory of ber / December 1987): 30-4; Rosentreter, agement, Jarbidge Resource Area, " atu­ the Snake and Salmon River Area," Hand­ Roger, interviewed by Glenn Oakley ral History Resource Management Plan, book of North American Indians: Great Basin, (March 15, 1993); Russell, Israel c., "A Hagerman Fauna Sites ational atural Warren 1. D' A zevedo, ed., vol. 11 Geological Reconnaissance in Southern Landmark," (1968) by T.R Weasma; U.S. (1986):127-34; Butler, B. Robert, Helen Oregon," U.S. Geological Survey 4th An­ Interior Dept., Bureau of Land Manage­ Gildersleeve, and John Sommers, "The nual Report (1882):435-64; Russell, "Pre­ ment, Borah-Midpoint 500 KVTransmission Wasden Site Bison: Sources of Morpho log i­ liminary Report on Artesian Basins in Line Environmental Assess ment Report cal Variation," Aboriginal Man and Envi­ Southwestern Idaho and Southeastern (1979); U.S. Interior Dept., Bureau of ronmentson the Plateau of Northwest America, Oregon," U.S. Geological Survey Water Sup­ Reclama na tion. "Preliminary Geologic Re­ A.H. Strydand RA. Smith,eds. (1971):126- ply Paper, no. 78 (1903); Russell, "Notes on port on the Bliss Dam Site, Bruneau Project, 52; Cinadr, Thomas J., "Mount Bennett the Geology of Southwestern Idaho and Idaho," (1950), by L.D. Jarrard. Hills Planning Unit: Analysis of Archaeo­ Southeastern Oregon," U.S. Geological logical Resources," Archaeological Reports, slIrvClJ Bulletin , no. 217 (1903); Russell, no. 6 (1976); Crabtree, Don E., "Archaeo­ Osborne, Journal of a Trapper (1955); Saab, logical Evidence of Acculturation Along CH. 4: NATIVE TRADITIONS Vicky, interviewed by Glenn Oakley (Feb­ the Oregon Trail," Tebiwa 11:2 (1968):38- ruary 20, 1993); Scott, W. Frank, Potential 42; Davis, John c., Paul R. Fenske, and H. Natural Landmarks, Geologic Th emes, 011 the Agenbroad, Larry D., "Buffalo Jump Thomas Ore, "Geological Evaluation of Colu mbia Plateau (1978); Scott, William E., Complexes in Owyhee County, Idaho," the Haskett Site," Tebiwa 8:2 (1965):29-32; et aI., "Reinterpretation of the Exposed Miscellaneous Papers of the Idaho State Uni- Farb, Peter, "The Birth and Death of the Record of the Last Two Cycles of Lake versity Museum of Natural History, no. 1 Plains Indians," Man's Rise to Civilization Bonneville, Western United States," Qua­ (December 1976):1-38; Ames, KennethM., as Shown by the Indians of North America temary Research 20:3 (1983):261-85; Scott, "Diversity and Variability in the Prehis- from Primeval Times to the Coming of the et a I. , "Revised Quaternary Stratigraphy tory of Southwestern Idaho," idaho Ar- Indllstria l State (1968); Green, James P., and Chronology in the American Falls chaeologist 6 (1982):1-10; Bonnichsen, "Archaeology of the Rock Creek Site, 10- Area, Southeastern Idaho," Cenozoic Geol­ Robson, "The Rattlesnake Canyon Cre- CA-33, Sawtooth ational Forest, Cassia ogy of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and mation Site, Southwestern Idaho," Tebiwa County, Idaho," (Master's thesis, Idaho Geology Bulletin , no. 26 (1982):581-95; 7:1 (1964):28-38; Bright, Robert c., "Pol- State University, 1972); Green, Thomas J. , Smith, G. R , "Fishesof the Pliocene Glenns len and Seed StratIgraphy of Swan Lake, "House Form and Variability at Givens Ferry Formation, Southwest Ida ho," Pa­ S?utheastern Idaho: Its RelatIOn to Re- Hot Springs, Southwest Idaho," Idaho Ar­ pers on Pa leontology No . 14, Claude W. gIOnal Vegetatronal HIstory and to Lake . chaeologist6:1-2(1982):33-44;Gruhn,Ruth,

220 "The Archaeology of Wilson Butte Cave, Cave: Current Investigation at the Wasden County, Idaho," Archaeological Reports, South-Central Idaho," Occasional Papers of Site, Eastern Snake Ri ver Plain, Idaho," no. 1 (1976); Plew, "Abori ginal Hunting the Idaho State Col/ege Ml/ se l/l'I1 , no. 6 (1961); Early Man ill America fro m a Circl/III -Pac ific Complexes in the Owyhee Upla nds, Gruhn, "A Coll ection of Arti fac ts from Perspective, Allan Lyle Bryan, ed . (1978); Idaho," Th e Masterkey 53 (1979):108-11 ; Pence-Duerig Cave in Sou th-Central Murphey, Kelly, "An Archaeological In­ Plew, "Southern IdahoPlain: Implications Idaho," Tebiwa 4:1 (1961) :1-24; Gruhn, ventory of Devils Creek, Owyhee and for Fremont-Shoshoni Relationships in "Test Excavations at Sites 10-0E-128 and Twin Falls Counties, Idaho," University of Sou thwestern Idaho," Plains Anthropologist 10-0E-129, Southwest Idaho," Tebiwa 7:2 Idaho Anthropologica l Research Malll/script 24 (1979):329-35; Plew, "Fish Remains from (1964):28-36; Jennings, Jesse D., "Danger Series, no. 35 (1977); Murphey, Robert F. Nahas Cave: Archaeological Evidence of Cave," Mel/1oirs of the Society For America ll and Yola nda Murphey, "Shoshone­ A nadrom ous Fishes in Sou thwestern Archaeology, no. 14 (1957); Lahren, Larry, Ba nnock Subsistence a nd Socie ty," Idaho," Journal ofCalifonria and Great Basin and Robson Bonnichsen, "Bone Foreshafts Anthropological Records 16 (1960):293-338; Anthropology 2 (1980):129-32; Pl ew, "Ar­ from a Clovis Burial in Southwestern Mon­ Pavesic, Max G., "Cache Blades and Tur­ chaeological Investiga tions in the Owyhee tana," Science 186 (1974):147-50; Lawrence, key Tails: Piecing Together the Western Uplands, Idaho," Archaeological Reports, Barbara, "Antiquity of Large Dogs in Idaho Archaic Burial Complex," Stone Tool no. 7 (1980); Plew, "Archaeologica l Exca­ North America ," Tebiwa 11:2 (1968):43-9; Analysis: Essays in HOll oI' of Don E. Crabt ree, vations at Big Foot Bar, Snake Ri ver Birds Liljeblad,Sven, "Indian Peoples ofIdaho," Mark G. Plew et aI., eds. (1985):55-89; of Prey Natural Area, Idaho," Project Re­ (Manuscript on file, Idaho State Univer­ Pavesic, "Archaeologica l Evidence for ports, no. 3, Idaho Archaeologica l Consul­ sity Museum, 1957); Lynch, Thomas F., A nadrom ou s Fish Use in Ba nnock­ tants (1980); Plew, "Archaeologica l Test and Lawrence Olsen, "The Columbet Shoshoni Territory," (Affidavit Prepared Excavations at Four Prehistoric Sites in Creek Rockshelter," Tebiwa 7:1 (1964):7- for the Sho-Ban Tribes of Idaho, Inc., U.S. the Western Snake River Canyon near 16; Meatte, Daniel S., "Two Archaic Fish vs. Oregon Interventi on Hearing, U.S. Dis­ Bliss, Idaho," Project Reports, no. 5, Idaho Traps from the Snake River Canyon near trict Court, Portland, 1986); Pavesic, Max Archaeological Consultants (1981); Plew, Twin Falls, Idaho," idaho Archaeologist 9:2 G., and Daniel S. Meatte, "Archaeological "A Preliminary Overview of the Owyhee (1986):15-9; Metzler, Sharon, "The Brown Test Excavati ons a t the National Fish Country," Tdaho A rc ha eologist 6: 1-2 Creek Archaeological Survey, Owyhee Hatchery Locality, Hagerman Va lley, (1982):47-54; Plew, "Implications of N u­ County, Idaho," Archaeological Reports, no. Idaho," Archaeologica l Reports, no. 8 (1980); tritional Potentials of Anadromous Fish 2 (1976); Metzler, "An Archaeologica l Sur­ Pavesic, Max G., W.I.Follett, and William Resources of the Western Snake River vey of Castle Creek, Idaho," (Report on P. Statham, "Anadromous Fish Remains Plain," Journal of Ca lifornia and Great Basin file, Boise District Office, Bureau of Land from Schellbach Cave No.1, Southwest­ Anthropology 5:1-2 (1983) :58-65; Pl ew, An Management, 1977); Miller, Susanne L e rn Idaho," Idaho Archaeo logist 10:2 introduction to the Archaeology of Southern "The Archaeology and Geology of an Ex­ (1987):23-6; Penson, Betty, "Idaho Ar­ Idaho (1986); Plew, "The Archaeology of tinct Megafauna/ Fluted Point Associa­ chaeologist Carves Out Na ti onal Repu ta­ Nahas Cave: Material Remains and Chro­ tion at Owl Cave, the Wasden Site, Idaho: tion," Idaho StateSll1all (May 13, 20, 1979); nology," Archaeologica l Reports, no. 13 A Preliminary Report," Peopling of the New Petersen, icholas H ., "A Clovis Point (1986); Plew, "A Reassessment of the Five World, Jonathan E. Ericson et a I. , eds., from Long Va ll ey, Idaho," Idaho Archae­ Finger and "Y" Buffalo Jumps, Southwest Ballena Press Anthropologica l Papers, no. ologist 10:2 (1987):41-2; Plew, Mark G., Ida ho," Plains Anthropologist 32: 117 23 (1982):81-95; Miller, Susanne Land "An Archaeological Inventory Survey of (1987):317-21; Plew, "Archaeological As­ Wakefield Dort, Jr., "Early Man at Owl the Camas Creek Drainage Basin, Owy hee semblage Variability in Fishing Locales of

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Wells, History of "da rk est M. Ames, and Christen K. Fuhrman, "Ar­ Idaho, 3 vols., (1959); Beck, Ri­ chaeological Excavations at Silver Bridge Idaho chard J., Famous Idahoans empty of history" quotes from pp. 26, (10-BO-l), Southwest Idaho," Archaeologi­ (1989); Bek, William G., trans., "From ca l Reports, no. 12 (1984); Plew, Mark G., 265]; Fuller, Margaret, Trat ls of Western Bethel, Missouri, to Aurora, Oregon: Let- Idaho from Sun Valley to Hells Canyon (1982); James c. Woods, and Max G. Pavesic, ters of William Ked, Stone Tool Analysis: Es­ Gertsch, W. Darrell, "The Upper Snake 1855-70," MissouriHis­ River Project: A H istorical Stud y of Recla­ says in Honor of Don torical Review 47 (Oc­ Crabtree (1985); Plew, mation and Regional Development, 1890- tober 1953) ["seventh 1930," (Ph.D. diss., University of Wash­ Mark G., and Kevin prince ... hideous Meyer, "An Aborigi­ ington, 1974); Gertsch, "Water Use, En­ world" quote from pp. ergy, and Economic Development m the nally Worked Brass 33-34]; Boise: The Il­ Bipoint from Three Is­ Snake River Basin," Idaho Yesterdays 23 lustrated Idaho Co., (Summer 1979):58-72; Hart, Arthur A., The land Crossing," Idaho Boise Idaho: Forty-five Archaeologist 10:1 Boiseans: At Home (1984); Hart, Camera Eye Years of Progress (1911) on Idaho: Pioneer Photography (1990); (1987):17-18; Plew, ["imperial city" quote Mark G., Max G. Hayden, Ferdinand V., Sixth Anl1ual Re­ from p. 11; Brink, ports of the United States Geological Survey of Pavesic, and Mary H elen e.G., "Toms Anne Davis, "Ar­ the Territories, Embracmg PortlOns of Mon­ and Hen s," Here's tana, idaho, Wyoming, and Utah: Being a chaeological Investi­ Idaho! (January 1933); gations at Baker Caves 1 and III: A Late Report of Progress of the Explorations for the Butler, B. Robert, When Did the Shoshoni Year , 1872 (872) ["There seems to be no Archaic Component on the Eastern Snake Begin to Occupy Southern Idaho? (1981); River Plain," Archaeological Reports, no. 15 want of fe rtility" quote p. 203]; Idaho Buckendorf, Madeline, interviewed by Bureau of Mines and Geology, The Geol­ (1987); Sappington, Robert Lee, "The Ar­ Todd Shallat (July 29 and 30, 1991); chaeologyof the LydIe Gulch Site OO-AA- ogy and Mineral Resources Section in Min- Byington, Fay Kofoed, History of Lava Hot era I and Water Resources 72) Prehistoric Occupation in the BOIse Springs, Idaho Our River Canyon, Southwestern Idaho," Uni­ of Idaho (1982); Idaho Valley (1989); Centennial Commis­ versity of Idaho Research ManUSCript Series, Ch urchill, Claire no. 66 (1981); Sargeant, Kathryn E., "The sion, Idaho 's Ethnic Warner, ed., "The Heritage: Histori ca l Haskett Tradition: A View from Redfish Journey to Oregon­ Overhang," (Master's thesis, Idaho State Overviews (1990); Idaho A Pioneer Girl's Statesman, "Censu s University, 1973); Schellbach, Louis, "The Dairy," Oregon His­ Excavation of Cave No. I, Southeastern Decision Stirs Idaho torical Quarterly 29 Hispanics," (July 16, Idaho" Tebiwa 10:2 (1967):63-72; Stew­ (March 1928) ["oxen ard, J~lian H., "Basin-Plateau Socio-Po­ 1991); Irving, Washing­ died ... H e has lost ton, Astoria; or, Anec­ litical Groups," Bureau of American Ethnol­ two" quote from p. ogy Bulletin, no. 120 (938); Swanson, Earl dotes of an Enterprise 92]; Corless, Hank, Beyond the Rocky Moun­ H., Jr., "Folsom Man in Idaho," Idaho Yes­ The Weiser Indians: terdays 5:1 (1961):26-30; Swanson, Earl H ., tains (1868) ["burnt and Shoshoni Peacemakers ba rre n," "barre n Jr., and Paul G. Sneed, "Jacknife Cave," (1990); Davidson, Tebiwa 14:1 (1971):33-69; Titmus, Gene L., rocky," "wide sun­ James W., et a l. , Nation of Nations: A Narra­ burnt," "dismal desert," "ch eerless "The Blue Lakes Clovis," Idaho Archaeolo­ tive History of the American Publzc (1990) gist 10:2 (1987):39-40; Woods,. James c., wastes" quotes from pp. 389, 518, 403, 397, ["endure heat like a Salamander" quote and 529]; Irving, The Adventures of Capt am and Gene L. Titmus, "A ReVIew of the from p 497]; Drury, Clifford Merrill, First Simon Clovis Collection," Idaho Archae­ Bonneville, U.S.A., in the Rocky Mountams White Woman Over the Rockies: Dli7rzes, Let­ and the Far West (1961) ["sandy and volca­ ologist 8:1 (1985):3-8. ters, and Biographical Sketches of the Six ni c ... irreclaimable" quote from p. 212]; Women of the Oregon Missio l1 Who Made the Jackson, Donald, and Mary Lee Spence, Overland Jo urney in 1836 and 1838, 3 vols. I

222 eds., Th e Exped itionsofJollll Charles Fremollt, I fda. I/O (1990); Palmer, Joel, "Journal ofTrav- Stuart's Narratives ofhis Overland Trip Ea st­ 3 vols. (1970-1980) ["dark ... contrasted els Over the Ro cky Mountains to the ward from Astoria in 1812- 13 (1935) ["light effect" quote from p. 535]; Jeffrey, Julie Mouth of the Columbia River Made Dur­ green .. . loveli er and wider," "constricted, Roy, Frontier WOll1 en: Tile Trans-Missisippi ing the Years 1845 and 1846," Early West­ full of rapids," "detested shru bs ... terrific West, 1840-1880 (1979); Jerome Commer- ern Tra vels, 1748-1846, Reuben Gold, ed., appearance" quotes from pp. 290, 295, ciaIClub,jeroll1eandltsEnvironmen t(n.d., vol. 30 (1904-1907) ["clear and beautiful 114]; Ross, Alexander, Th e Fur Hunters of mSs 544, box 5, pam 12, the Far Wes t, Kenneth A. Idaho State Archives) Spaulding, ed. (1956) ["al­ ["No land can boast" together ... deli ghtful" quote from p. 3]; Jones, quote from p. 1361; Dorsey D., ed., "Two Let­ Schwantes, Carlos A., In ters by a Pioneer from Ar­ Mountain Shadows: A His­ kansas," Oregon Histori­ tory of Idaho (1991); Sharp, cal QuarterLy 45 (Septem­ Joe H ., "CrOSSi ng th e ber 1944) ["got along tol­ Plains in 1852," Oregon erably well ... had to kill Pion eer Association Tran s­ our work cattle" quote actions (1985) ["Sna ke from p. 231]; King, Rive r ... in accesible Clarence, "The Falls of depths" quote from p. 931; the Shoshone," Overland Sharp, Shoshoni alld idllho Monthly (October 1870) Perspectives (1989); ["Intervals of li ght" quote Strahorn, Robert E., The from p. 383]; Knight, Reso llrces and Attractions Oliver, "Robert E. of idaho Territory (1990); Strahom, Propagandist Valora, Peter J., A Histori­ for the West," Pacific ca l Geography of Agricul­ Northwest Qllarterly 59 ture in the Upper Snake (January 1968) ["You River Va ll ey, Tdaho can' t put your finger" (Master's thesis, Univer­ quote from p. 441; sity of Colorado, 1986); Limbaugh, Ronald H ., Wells, Merle W., Idaho , Rocky MOlllltaill Carpet­ Gem of the Moulltains baggers: Idaho's Territorial (1985); Williams, Governors, 1983-1890 Glyndwr, ed ., Peter Skene (1982); Lovin, Hugh T., Ogden's Snake COllntry "Water, Arid Land, and jOllrna ls, 1827-28 and Visions of Advancement 1828-29 (1971); Yo ung, on the Snake River Plain," F.G., ed., Th e Correspon­ Idaho Yesterdays 35 dence alld Journals of Cap­ (Spring 1991):3-19; tain Nathan iel J. Wyeth , Madsen, Brigham D., The 1831-36 (1899) ["strong Shoshoni Frontier and the volcanic," "fertile charac­ Bear River Ma ssacre ter" quotes from pp. 161, (1985); Maguire, James 164]; Young, VirgiIM., Th e H., ed., The Litera ture of Story of idaho: Centenn ial idaho: An Anthology Ed i tion (1989); Yo s t, (1986); Mercier, Laurie, George,Idaho, Th e Fruitful "Women's Role in Mon­ Land (1980). tana Agriculture," Montana (Autumn 1988) ["economic linchpins" quote from ... abounds in fish" quote from p. 8]; p. 52]; Mercier, Laurie, and Carole Simon- Palmer, Tim, The Snake River: Window to Smolinski, eds., Idaho's Ethnic Heritage, 3 the West (1991); Paul, Rodman W., "When CH.6: POL ITI CAL LAN DSCAPE vols. (1990); Merrill, Irving R., ed., BOllnd Culture Came To Boise: Mary Hallock for Idaho: The 1864 Trail Journal of Juliu s Foote In Idaho," Idaho Historical Series 19 Andrus, Cecil, Gov., "high water Merrill (1988) ["black vomit" quote from (March 1977) ["I forsee the time" quote mark" quote from a press release (Ma rch p.101]; Morgan, Dale L., ed., The Overland from p. 121; Powell, William L ''I'll Take 28, 1993); Arrandale, Tom, 'The Ba ttlefor Diary of Jam es A. Pritchard (1960) ["the It If It's Legal," The Pacific Northwesterner a tural Resources," Congressional Qua rter­ valley ... grass continues fine" quote from 13 (Summer 1969):33-40, (Fa ll 1969):55-64; ly (1984); Beal, Merrill D., and Merle W. p. 103]; Murphy, Paul L., "Early Irrigation Rich, E.E., and A.M. Johnson, eds., Peter Wells, History of Idaho, 3 vols. (1959) in the Boise Valley," Pacific Northwest Skene Ogden's Snake Country Journal , 1824- ["tamper w ith the headgate" quote from Quarterly 44 (October 1935):177-84; Nash, 25 and 1825-26 (1950); Robinson, Michael vol. 2, p. 1221; Bowler, Peter, interviewed John D., "The Salmon River Mission of c., Waterforthe West: The BlIreau ofReclama- by Stephen Steubner (March 3, 1993); 1855," Idaho Yesterdays 2 (Spring 1967) :22- tion , 1902-1977 (1979); Rollins, Philip A., Brown, Janice, "major economic impact" 31; Ourada, Patricia, Migrant Workers in ed., The Discovery of the Oregon Trail: Robert quote from public testimony, House Re-

223 SNAKE, T H E PLAIN AND ITS PEOP LE

sources a nd Conservation Committee quote from p. 54]; Loertscher, Tom, "con­ 223 ]; Shaw, Bill, "Lone Ranger Rid es hearing on the Henry's Fork Basin Com­ sumpti ve use of water" q Ll ote from House Again," People (October 2, 1990) ["worse prehensive Wa ter Plan (February 12, 1993); of Representatives debate, Idaho Legisla­ than anyplace I've seen" quote from p. Brown, interviewed by Stephen Steubner ture (March 29, 1992); Loosli, Lynn, "fi sh­ 49]; Siddoway, James, "can' t build a tax (A pril 18, 1993); Chapman, Sheri , inter­ ed the Henry's Fork" quote from House of base" quote from public testimony, joint viewed by Stephen Steubner (February Representatives debate, Idaho Legislature H ouse-Sena te hearing on the Henry's Fork 18, April 12, 1993); Christianson, Steve, (March 29, 1992); Lyman, Ann, ed ., "Wa­ Basi n Comprehensive Water Plan (Febru­ "so d isgusted" ter Rights Land­ ary 21, 1992); Stacy, Susan, ed ., Con versa­ q u o te from m ark Case in tions (1990) ["use it or lose it" quote from pub lic testi­ Idaho," Idaho's Wa­ pp. 94-5]; Stapilus, Randy, Paradox Poli­ m o n y, joint ter and Energy (July tics: Peo ple and Power in Idai10 (1 988) ["spe­ H OLl se-Sen a te 1980):20; Madison, cial interests" quote from p. 49]; Steenhof, hearing on the Ja mes, Th e Federa l­ Ka ren, interviewed by Stephen Steubner H e nry's Fork ist Papers , No. 10 (A pril 20, 1993); Stegner, Wallace, Where Basin Compre­ (1787); Marston, the Bluebird Sings to the Lemonade Springs: hensive Water Betsy, "Flam e and Livingand Writing ill the West (1992) ["Con­ Pla n (February Blame," High CO~l11- sidering the mood" quote from p. 312]; 21, 1992); try News (Novem­ U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Boise Corlett, John, ber 7, 1988):10-1 9; District, "proposed projects" quote from "Nowadays, Mellen, Jon, inter­ Boise District manager David Brunner in Water Issues viewed by Stephen a BLM press release (November 16, 1989); Breed Stra nge Stuebner (May 18, BLM, Boise District, Fina l Envirol1111enta l Bedfell ows," 1992); Nagel, Joe, Statel17e11t- Snake River Birds of Prey COIl­ Idaho Statesman "An open sewer," servation Area (1979); BLM, Boise District, (Ma rch 14, Post-Register Snake River Birds of Prey Management Plan 1983); Diehl, (Ma rch 21, 1993); (August 1985); BLM, Boise District, Final Ted, in ter- ationalAcademy Environ ll1 ental Assessment Land Report (No­ v iewed by of Science, A Report vember 1988); BLM, Boise District, Fina l S t e ph e n to the Advisory Com­ Environmental Impact Statement for Agricul­ Steubner (April mittee to the Nationa l tura l Development for Southwest Ida ho (1979) 16,1993); Egan, National Park Service ["increasing tendency" quote from p. 3]; Ti m ot h y, BLM, Boise Dis­ "Ranchers vs. Rangers Over trict, "Realign­ La nd Use," New York Times ment of Moun­ (August 19, 1990) ["There's an tain H om e A ir old saying in the Forest Ser­ Force Base and vice," "he's going to have an Pr opose d accident" quotes from p. A20]; Expanded Range Everhardt, William, The Na­ Ca pability," tiona l Park Service (1984); Ford, Saylor Creek En­ Pa t, "The View from the Upper vironmental Im­ Basin," Western Water Made pac t Statemen t Sill7p le (1987) :86-96; Foss, (1 990); BLM, Phillip, Politics and Grass (1960); Boise Dis trict, Gramer, Rod, "Snake River So­ Sagebrus h Re­ lutions-as Shortsighted as Be­ bellion, Inc., "not fo re," Idaho Statesman (March m ajor na tion al 20, 1983); Green, Dean, guest commen­ on Research (1963); Noh, Laird, "Interim resources" quote from a typewritten form tary, Post-Register (April 14, 1992) ["vote re-election protection" quote from Senate letter entitled "People vs. Birds of Prey" against motherhood," "ilumeasurable debate, Idaho Legislature (March 30, 1992); (August 25, 1980); U.S. Bureau of Land value" quotes from p. Al l]; Hawkins, Oakley, Glenn," uclear Fa ll Ou t: Weap­ Management, State of Idaho, Bureau of Stan, interviewed by Stephen Steubner ons Factory Plans fo r INEL Spark De­ Land Managell1ent in Idaho: 1989 Facts Book (November 16, 1992); Idaho Army Na­ bate," Focu s 9 (Summer 1989) ["nothing (1990); U.S. House of Representatives, tional Guard, "Picture that task" quote has left the site" quote from p. 32]; Reed, Committee on Interi or and Insular Af­ from Natural Resources Conserva tion Scott W., "The Other Uses of Water," Idaho fa irs, Oversight Hearings on the Greater Award nomination (April 1993); Idaho Yesterdays 30 (Spring/Summer 1986) Yellowstone Ecosystem (October 24, 1985); Statesman, "Idaho Power Co. Offers Irri­ ["state water p lan" quote from p . 37]; U.S. Interior Dept., Subcommittee on Ir­ gators a Compromise," (March 17, 1983); Reed, "Fish Gotta Swim," University of rigation and Reclamation, "Field Hearing Idaho Statesman, "Andrus Tours N-site, Idaho Law Review 28 (1991-92) ["asa matter on Hells Canyon Project," Boise (April 4, Declines Comment," (October 19, 1988); of legal analysis" quote from p . 662]; 1955) ["Water is to Idaho," "We are seek­ Lewis, C. S., Th e Abolition of Man (1943) Robinson, Glenn, Th e Fores t Service (1975); ing" quotes from pp. 607, 4]; U.S. Na­ ["Man's power over natu re" quote from Schneider, Kei th, "Idaho Out Front," Post­ tional Park Service, Craters of the Moon p. 35]; Little, Charles E., "The Chall enge Register (March 11 , 1990); Seidman, Na tiona I Monumen t, Resource Managemen t of Greater Yellowstone," Wilderness (Fall Harold, Politics, Positioll, and Power (1986) Plan (1987); University of Idaho, College 1987) ["go beyond glittering generalities" ["When conflicts result" quote from p. of Forestry, A Review of Scientific Research

224 at Craters of the Moon National MonU/nellt fa ith rewarded ... " Mormon hy mn quote I co urtesy IdahoState Historical Museum; 23 N. (1988); Wilkinson , C ha rles F., Crossing from p . 61 ] . S. Nokkentved /Twin Falls Times News, art by the Next Meridian Land, Water, and the Fu­ Gwenetta Bates. ture of the West (i 992) ["Lo rds of Yester­ Volcanic Crescent: pp. 24-25 Steve Bl y; d ay," "code of the West," "no right to a PHOTO CREDITS 25 Chuck Scheer (bottom); 26-27 map by Ri ch­ m o nopoly," " take charge of the future" ard Pike and Ga il Thelin courtesy U.s. Geo­ quo tes from pp. 88-9, 11 3, and 304]; Front Matter: p. 1 Glenn Oakley; 2-3 logical Survey (detail); 26 Pike/Thelin U.s. Worster, Don a ld , Ullder Western Skies: Na­ Steve Bly; 4-5 Steve Bly; 6-7 Glenn Oakley Geologica l Survey map #1-2206 (detail); 28 turealld History il1 the American West (1 992) #67040312; 8-9 l\andy Kalisek/ F-Stock Inc. ca t. Glem) Oa kley; 29 art byGwenetta Bates ada pted ["never really turn all from Time-Life Books se­ of nature in to artifact" ri es Planet Ea rth : VO ICn1lO quote from p . 254]; (1982); 30 Hawaii atu­ Wyatt, Margaret, Snake ral History Association courtesy U.s. Geological River Birds of Prey Cu /­ Survey; 31 Glenn Oakley turnl Resource Manage­ (top left, center left, and ment Plan (1985) . bottom ri ght), DaveClark (top right), Bill Hackett (center right and bottom EPILOGUE left); 32 art by Gwenetta Batesadapted from Time­ Li fe Books seri es Planet Bradley, Carol, Earth: Volcano (1982); 33 " Opponents Promise Pike/Thelin U.s. Geo­ Vali a nt Effort to Kill logica l Survey map #1- Gra z ing Fee Hike," 2206 (detail, top), Bill Idaho Sta tesman (June Bonnichsen; 34-35 Glenn Oakley; 36 Bi ll Bonnich­ 20,1991); Brack ett, Bert, sen (top), U.s. Geological inter v iewed by Todd Survey portraits#l 72 (de­ Shalla t (December 30, tail); 37 Pike/Thelin U.s. 1993); Carter, David, in­ Geologica l Survey map terviewed by Todd #J-2206 (detail, top), Bill Shall a t (January 4 and Bon ni chsen; 38 fig. 93 5, 1994); Danes, A nn, from G. P. Merrill 's First inter v iewed by Todd 100 Years of AlI1erican Ge­ Shalla t (Ja nuary 5,1994); D ay, Ernie, in­ ology (Hafner Pub., 1964) courtesy Idaho Geo­ #2953-32; 10-11 Idaho State Hi storica l Society; logical Survey (top), Bill Bo nnichsen; 39 Pike/ terviewed by Todd Sh a lla t (July 25, 1991); 12-13 art by Gwenetta Bates. Thelin U.s. Geologica l Survey map #1-2206 Etlin ger, C h arles, "A Look into the Fu­ (detail); 40 art by Gwenetta Ba tes; 41 Glenn ture," idaho States lllal1 (July 7, 1991 ); Ford , Seeing th e La nd: pp.14-15Steve Bly; 15 Oakley; 42-43 Glenn Oakley, 43 lithograph by Pat, "View from the Upper Basin," Wes t­ Steve Bly (bottom); 16 chromolithograph by Julius Bien aftera photo by T. H. O'Sull ivan for ern Water Made Simple, Ed Marston, ed. J uli us Bien a fter a sketch by Gilbert Munger for the U.S. Geologica l Survey courtesy Uni ver­ (1987) [Larry Echo hawk quote from p. the U.s. Geological Survey courtesy Univer­ si ty of Id aho Library Special Coll ec ti ons (top si ty of Idaho Library Special Collecti ons (top), 91]; Foner, Eric, a nd Jon Wien er, " Fig ht­ ri ght); 44 Pike/ Thelin U.s. Geologica l Survey Glenn Oakley#67040317 (J eft),Steve Bly (ri ght); map #1-2206 (detail, top), Bill Hackett; 45 from ing fo r th e W est," Nation (Ju ly 29 / Aug ust 17 ldahoState HistoricalSociety #80-94.38 (top), 5, 1991) [Howa rd Lamar quote, p. 163]; Geological Society of America Mell1oria lsI8 (1988) photo by Clarence E. Bisbee courtesy Bo ise courtesy Washington State University-Owen Graham, Bill, interv iew ed by Todd Shall at State University Library Special Collecti ons Science and Engineering Library; 46 Glenn (June 25, 1991); G runder, Scott, inter­ MSS #80-1 2025; 18artby Gwenetta Bates (top), Oakley (top left and bottom right), Bill Hackett viewed by Todd Shallat (December 29, photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy Idaho Mu­ (top ri ght and bottom left ); 47 Bill Hackett 1993); Gulick, Bill, Snake River Country seum of Natural History - Idaho State UI1l­ (top), Dave Clark; 48-49 Dave Clark; 50 Glenn (1971 ); Idaho Statesman, "Sh o-Ban s versity; 19 Idaho Museum of Na tural History Oakley; 51 Bi ll Hackett (top), Glenn Oakley; 52 Sh ould Limit Salmo n Catch to Cerem o­ - Idaho State Unversity #253 (detail, top left) , Glenn Oakley; 53 Pike/Thelin U.S. Geological etching by James David Smillie (1859) Na­ nial One," (July 3, 1991); Mosley, Jeffrey Survey map #1-2206 (detail); 54 Glenn Oakley; tional Portrait Ga llery - Smithsonian Institu­ 55 Bill Hackett; 56 art by Gwenetta Bates C. et al. , Seven Popular Myths About Live­ tion #NPG.83.69 (detai l, top right), Na ti onal stock Grazing on Public Lands (1990); adapted from Time-Life Books series Planet Anthropological Archives - Smithsonian In­ Eart/I.· Volcano(1982);57Yell owstone ati onal Re is n er, Marc, Cadillac Desert: The Ameri­ stitution neg. #32549; 20 photo by Robert Park; 58 Bill Hackett (top), photo by W. H. can West and Its Disappearing Water (1983); Limbert courtesy Boise State University Li­ Jackson courtesy U.s. Geologica l Survey #503 Palmer, Tim, The Snake River: Window to brarySpecial Coll ec tions MSS#80-72 (top left), (center right), plate 66 from Hayden Survey the West (1991); Schellbach, Ruth, inter­ photo by Chuck Scheer from Atlas of Idaho 11th Annual Report (1877) courtesy Uni ver­ viewed by Todd Shall a t (January 26, 1994); Territory, 1863-1890 courtesy Merle Wells and sity of Idaho Lib rary Special Coll ections; 59 Sojka, Bob, interviewed by Todd Sha ll at ldahoState Historical Society (detail, top right), Glenn Oakley, art by Gwenetta Bates; 60-61 Id aho State Historica l Museum #1975.41.4; 21 (Ja nuary 24, 1994); Swan , George, inter­ Glenn Oakley. U.s. Geological Su rvey Bulletin 199 courtesy viewed by Todd Shallat (December 30 University of Idaho Libra ry Special Collec­ and 31, 1993); Wells, Merle, "Idaho Indi­ A Climate of Change: pp. 62-63 Resto­ tions (top left), U.s. Geological Survey cour­ ratioll of a Devollian Fores t by C. R. Knight an s" (typ ewritten, 1991); Worster, D onald, tesy Idaho Na ti onal Engineering Laboratory co urtesy Department of Library Services - Rivers of El11pire: Water, Aridity, and the (top ri ght); 22 Idaho State Historica l Society Ameri ca nMuseum of Natura I History tr.#9923 Growth of the American West (1985) ["Oh #73-51.1 61 / k (top left), photo by Chuck Scheer (detail); 63 Michael Wickes/Wild World Pro-

225 SNAKE, THE PLAIN AND ITS PEOPLE

ductions #3922 (bottom ); 64-65 ma ps by Ch uck Idaho Museum of Jatural History - Idaho A rchives-Smithsonian Insti tution neg. #1704- Scheer; 66 photo by Robert Limbert courtesy State Uni versity #10BN153-448 (bottom left), o (detail); 116-11 7 lithograph by H . Steinegger Boise State University Library Special Collec­ #10JE6 10 260 (bottom right),#1O JE610249 (cen­ after a sketch by Edmond Green courtesy Idaho tions MSS #80-250; 67 art by Gwenetta Bates ter), #10JE6 10870 (top left), com tesy Ruth State Historical Society #1988-4.67; 11 7 photo (top), Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monu­ Gruhn (bottom left), courtesy Idaho Museum by Glenn Oakley; 119 Fire ina Missouri Meadow ment; 68 photo by and II Party of Sioux In­ C h uck Scheer dian s by George Catlin courtesy Id a ho courtesy The Fi ne Arts Museum of Natu­ Museums of Sa n ral His to ry - Fra ns isco #1979 .7.24 Id aho State Uni­ (top right, d etail), p ho­ vers ity; 69 Mu­ tos by Chuck Scheer seum of Zoology / courtesy Id a ho Mu­ Fish Di vision - seum of Natural His­ U niversity o f tory-IdahoState Uni­ Michigan courtesy versity #3260 (center), Gerald R. Smith; #5336; 120 Utah State 70-71 a rt b y H istorica l Socie ty Gwen etta Ba tes #970. 8 P.7; 121 photos ad a pted from a by Chuck Scheer cour­ b roch ure from tesy The Herrett Mu­ the Smithsonia n seum - Coll ege o f exhibit The Emer­ Southern Idaho #Rep gen ce of Man; 87 10 (bow), #Rep 78 7 71 Chuck Scheer and 1985-82 (a rrows), (bo ttom ); 72 #1992-14 (quiver), art Chuck Scheer (top by Gwenetta Bates. right), Glenn Oak­ ley; 73 Glenn Oak­ Con fro ntin g ley; 74-75 photo by the Desert: pp. 122-123 Jim Nay courtesy photo by Clarence E. G race Phillips Bisbee courtesy Idaho Johnson Gall ery - Phillips University; 75 of Natural History - Idaho State Uni versity; Sta te His to ri ca l Socie ty #73-221.506/ b Glenn Oakley (bottom ); 76 1daho State Histori ­ 104-105 from Dinosaurs, Malllllloths, al1d Ca ve­ colorized by Phillip McClain; 123 photo by cal Society #66-4.46/ b (top), Idaho State His­ l1I el1: The Art of Charles R. Kl1ight (1 982) courtesy Chuck Scheer courtesy Idaho Museum of Natu­ torical Society #83-75.1; 77 Id aho State Histori­ Rhoda Knight Ka lt; 104-105 point art by Jim ral History - Idaho State University #3278 cal Society MS #544 Box 7 Pam. 2; 78 Glenn Woods; 106 p hoto by Chuck Scheer courtesy (bottom); 124-125 maps by Gwenetta Bates Oakley (top), Chuck Scheer; 79 Glenn Oakley; The Herrett Museum - College of Southern and Chuck Scheer; 125 photos byChuckScheer 80 photo by Robert Limbert courtesy Boise Id aho (a tl atl #1989-1, dart #1989-3, foreshaft courtesy Idaho State Historical Museum State University Library Special Collections #1985-144), point art by Jim Wood s; 107 photos #941. 21 (hatchet-pipe), #1986.30.2 (glove), MSS #8010945; 81 Id aho State Histori ca l Soci­ by Chuck Scheer courtesy The Herrett Mu­ #1984.125.74 (beads), #1962.56 .1 5 (bludgeon ); ety #73-51.23/ a (top), Idaho Power Co.; 82 sellin - College of Southern Idaho (top and 126 lithograph after a photo by J. Buchtel (1860) Glenn Oakl ey; 83 photo by Clarence E. Bisbee #107737 center), art by Gwenetta Ba tes adapted courtesy Oregon Historical Society neg. #ORHI courtesy Idaho State Historical Society #73- from an illustration by Daniel Meatte (bottom 10126; 127 photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy 221.755, art by Gwenetta Bates; 84 Monte La left), art by Bill West; 108 art by Gwenetta Idaho State Historical Museum #1957.37.0 Orange/ Idalw Fa lls Post Register; 85 Idaho Dept. Bates, photo by DeCost Smith (1904) courtesy (top), Missouri Histori cal Society Library & of Fish and Game; 86 Dave Clark, Joel Muir Na tional Museum of the American Indian neg. Archives #523 A; 128 Id aho Sta te Histori ca l (lichen, bottom ri ght); 87 U.5. D.A. Forest #22367; 109 art by Gwenetta Bates adapted Society #68-60.2 (top left), Colorado Historica l Servive Intermountain Research Station cour­ from an illustrati on by Jim Woods (top), photo Society #17.954 (top center), lithograph by tesy Nancy Shaw; 88 art by Gwenetta Bates by Tom Green courtesy Idaho State Historical Francis 0 ' A vignon after a d aguerreotype by (top), photo by Robert Limbert courtesy Boise Society #100E60 (center), photo by Chuck Mathew Brady courtesy National Portrait Gal­ State Uni versi ty Library Special Coll ections Scheer courtesy Idaho Museum of Natural lery-Smithsonian Institution, photo by Chuck MSS#80 10611 ; 89Glenn Oakley #1106011 7;90 History - Idaho State University; 11 0 photo Scheer courtesy Idaho State Historical Mu­ photo by Michael Wickes/ Wild World Pro­ by Chuck Scheer courtesy The Herrett Mu­ seum #848 (rifle), #63.241.1 57 (powder horn); ducti ons #4054 (top), Dave Clark; 91 photo by seum - College of Southern Idaho #1989-1 25 129 Sta te His torical Society of Wisconsin M ichael Wi ckes/ Wild World Producti ons (top), courtesy Idaho Museum of Natural His­ #WHi(X3)41859; 130 Joslyn Art Museum, #47515; 92 Chuck Scheer (center left), Dave tory - Idaho State University (center left), Omaha, Nebraska (top), photo by Chuck Scheer Clark; 93 William H . Mullins #60004-90504 p hotos by Ll oyd Furniss courtesy Idaho Mu­ from Costume Reference 5, Th e Regency by (top left), Dave Clark (top center), Joel I. Mur; seum of Natural History - Idaho State Uni­ Marion Sichel (1978); 131 photo by Chuck 94 William H . Mullins; 95 Glenn Oakley; 96 versity #14 (bottom right) and #25; 111 photo Scheer courtesy Id aho State Histori ca l Mu­ Tom Murphy / Wilderness Photography Ex­ by Glenn Oakley (top left), map by Gwenetta sellin # MS / 25 (top right), Idaho State Histori­ peditions; 97 art by Gwenetta Bates. Ba tes ad apted from a graphic by Jim Woods, cal Society #78-97.12 (bottom left), #78-97.14; Idaho State Historical Society #77-69.4; 112 132 art by Gwenetta Bates (top ), photo by Native Traditions: pp. 98-99 Chuck photos by Lloyd Furniss courtesy Idaho Mu­ Larry Burke (center), lithograph by James Scheer; 99 photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy The seum of Natural History - Idaho State Uni­ Ackerman after a sketch by J. Schutz courtesy Herrett Museum - College of Southern Idaho versi ty #28 (top), #82 (center), #34; 113 poin t Idaho State Historical Society #60-1 81.5; 133 (bottom); 100-1 01 maps by Gwenetta Bates art by Jim Woods, art by Gwenetta Bates a tio na l A nthro po logica l A rc hi ves - and Chuck Scheer; 101 photo by Chuck Scheer adapted from an illustration by Daniel Meatte; Srnithsonian Institution #1704-A-3; 134-135 The courtesy The Herrett Museum - Coll ege of 114 artbyGwenetta Bates;115photos by Chuck Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, Southern Idaho #TN B 86 1 (left); 102 George Scheer courtesy The Herrett Museum - Col­ Ohio; 135 photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy Herben/ AlaskaStock Images#00400.098.02-06; lege of Southern Idaho #ID 7725 (top left), #ID Idaho Historical Museum #1990.127.5; 136 map 103 timeline photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy 77 23 (top right), National Anthropological by Gwenetta Bates; 137 lithographs by E. We-

226 ber & Co. courtesy Id aho State Historical Soci­ (top), Dana Quinney / Jd aho Army ational ety#1893-B (top left),#1 254-D (top right), litho­ Guard; 184Glenn Oakley (top),courtesy Mow1- CAPSULE AUTHORS graph by Julius Bi en after a photo by T. H. tain Home Air Fo rce Base; 185 Glenn Oakley; O'Sulli va n courtesy Universi ty of Idaho Li­ 186 Id aho State Historical Society - Cattle­ E. B. Bentley: "Tools of the Trade ." brarySpecial Collections; 138Church Archi ves, men Assoc. Vertical File; 187Steve Bly; 188-189 Peter Bowler: "Hagerman Fossil Beds TheChurch of Jesus Christ of La tter-day Sa ints Michael Wickes/ Wild World Productions ational Monument," "Catastrophic #P21 6 1; 139 Collection of Museum of Church #2215; 188 courtesy Lynn Jacobs; 189 Chisolm Bonneville Flood," "Mollusks of the History and Art, Salt Lake City; 140 Utah State Trail courtesy Scotts Bluff ational Monument; Historica l Society #921 P.l (top), #970.8 P.2, 190-191 Steve Bly; 191 Plummer/ F-Stock; 192 Middle Snake River," "White Pelican" Steve Bly (bottom ri ght); 141 Idaho State His­ Glenn Oakley #41030410 (top), Tom Ansbach; and "Ord's Kan garoo Rat." torical Society#1079-A; 142 Glenn Oakley; 143 193 photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy Idaho Dave Clark: "When the Desert Blooms" State Histori cal Society #1965. 143.9, #58-95, The Huntington Library, Sa n Marino, Cali for­ and "Trout Farming." nia #Hague Coil. box 60(5) (top left), Idaho #1986.53.1; 194-195 Glenn Oakley; 194 Kevin State Histori ca l Society #63-238.12 (top ri ght), Clark / Tdaho Stateslllal1; 195 Glenn Oakley (bot­ Bill Hackett: "Volcanic Prim er" and "C ra­ #MS 2/ 693 (bottom left, detail) #76-1 38.60; 144 tom left), photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy ters of the Moon." Idaho State Historical SOCiety #MS 544 Box 8, Helen Birge; 196 Steve Bly ; 197 Glenn Oakley; Pam. 1 (top left), #1086 (bottolll left, detail), 198 map by Chuck Scheer; 199 Idaho State John Freemuth: "A National Park in #162-A (detai!); 145 Idaho State Historica l So­ Historical Society #MS 544 Box 2, Pam. 11 ; 200 Idaho?" ciety #73-22l.270; 146 Idaho State Historical Glenn Oakley #11080401 (top), Id aho State Josie Fretwell: "Preparing the Food" and Society Comlllissioller of 1111 III ig rn tio II , Labor al1d Historica l Society #MS 544 Box 2, Pam. 11 '''Dreamers We Are.'" Statistics Seven til Biellnial Report 1911-12 (top (detail); 201 Sharon Chuba, Glenn Oakley (in­ left detail , and center right), Boise State Uni­ set); 202 Glenn Oakley #67011414 (top), Sandy Marostica: "Idaho's Sheep King." versity Library SpeCial Coll ections #MSS 80 #35230219; 203 Glenn Oakley (top left), Chuck 473; 147 Idaho State Historical Society #60- Scheer courtesy Dave Clark (top right), Henry Glenn Oakley: "Branches of the Snake" 111.19 (top left), #71.26.3 (bottom left), 75- H. Holdsworth/F-Stock; 204 Steve Bly; 205 and "Snake River Sturgeon." 129.18/a; 148 photo by Henry R. Griffiths Jr. Glenn Oakley #090185-1 2; 206 Peter Wollheim Mark Plew: "Ruth Gruhn," "Fishing" and courtesy Idaho State Historica l Society #65- (top), Steve Bly; 207 Brent Smith, art by "Earl H. Swanson." 166.35; 149 IdahoState Historical Society#MSS Gwenetta Bates. 544 Box5,Pam.1 (left,detail),mapbyGwenetta Todd Shallat: "Claren ce R. King," "Ed­ Bates; 150 Id aho State Hi storica l Society # MS Epilogue: pp. 208-209 Steve Bly; 209 ward D. Cope," "Harold T. Stearns," 544 Box 5, Pam. 23; 151 Idaho State Historical courtesy Mrs. Robert W. Addison; 210-211 "Ferdina nd V. Hayden," " Don Society #MS 544 Box 8, Pam. 6 (top), #MS 544 Glenn Oakley; 212 Steve Bl y; 213 courtesy Mi­ Crabtree," "Horse," " ames on the Box 8, Pam. 5 (center), #MS544 Box 7, Pam. 16; cron Technology Inc.; 214 art by Gwenetta Land," "Early Publicists Market the 152 Highway Maps, Idaho State Historical li­ Bates; 214-215 Glenn Oakley. Plain," "Wranglers and Turkey Ten­ brary; 153 Idaho State Historical Society #61- ders" and '''Two-Gun' Bob: Idaho's 164.89; 154 photos by Chuck Scheer courtesy "Two-Gun" Bob: Photos by Robert Ja ckie Fretwell (top left and right, details), Limbert courtesy Boise State University li­ Showman." Idaho State Historica l Society #73-20.15/ A brary Special Collections MMS #80; p. 216 Steve Stuebner: "Idaho's Fam ous Pota­ (left); 154-155 Idaho State Historical Society #12030; 217 #1 0764; 218 #1311 ; 219 #1316 (top), toes," "North Side Canal Co." "Idaho #2592-5; 155 Denver Public Library Western #1759; 220-221 #199; 222 #10507 (top), #503 National En gin eering Labora tory" and History Dept. neg. #F34308 (top), Idaho State (center), #1025; 223 #252; 224#484 (top), #1 0616; "Snake River Sho-Bans." Historical Society #73-221.1 93; 156 photo by 225 #254; 226 #474; 227 #1315. Larry Burke; 157 photo by Chuck Scheer cour­ tesy IdahoState Histori ca l Musew)1 #1972.24.0 (top left), Idaho Power Co., Illap by Chuck Scheer; 158 photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy La ura Gipson, photo by Chuck Scheer cour­ tesy IdahoState Historical Museum #1970.181, 1968.21.7, and 1991.17.16; 159 Glenn Oakley; 160 photo courtesy Basque Museum and CllI­ tural Center; 161 photo by Chuck Scheer cour­ tesy Bob Sims, art by Gwenetta Bates.

Political Landscape: pp. 162-163 The Sentillel by John Killmaster; 163 Glenn Oakley (bottom); 164-165 maps by Chuck Scheer; 166 Terri Davis (top), Chuck Scheer; 167 Glenn Oakley; 168 Glenn Oakley #41021001 (left), photo by Chuck Scheer courtesy Idaho State Historica l Museum #1810 D; 169 John T.lsaacs/ Isaacs Photography #41; 170-171 Steve Bly; 171 Chuck Scheer (top), Steve Bly; 172 Glenn Oak­ ley; 174 Boise State Library Special Coll ec­ tions/ Idaho Statesman Coll ection #79-3.229 (top), #76-3.530; 175 Glenn Oakley; 176-177 Glenn Oakley; 176 Pat Costello (top), John T. lsaacs/ Isaacs Photogra phy; 177 Chuck Scheer; 178-179 Glenn Oakley; 179 map by Chuck Scheer; 180 Dave Boehlke (top left), Dana Quinney / Id aho Army Nati onal Guard; 181 William H. Mullins #60004-90321; 182 Glenn Oakley; 183 courtesy Idaho Governor's Office

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