Garry Davis (1921-2013), Cidadão Do Mundo

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Garry Davis (1921-2013), Cidadão Do Mundo PASSAGENS Garry Davis (1921-2013), cidadão do mundo (a rios Eduardo Lins da Silva Garry Davis foi provavelmente o apátrida mais conhecido do mundo, e viveu nesta condi• ção durante 65 anos por convicção e desejo próprios. Combatente na Segunda Guerra Mundial pela Força Aérea dos EUA, ele se tornou pacifista, e chegou à conclusão de que se não existis• sem Estados-nações, não haveria mais guerras. Por isso, renunciou à cidadania americana em 25 de maio de 1945, na Embaixada dos EUA em Paris. Tentou viajar pelo mundo, do qual se considerava o cidadão número 1, com um passaporte que ele mesmo concebeu e produziu. Foi preso e expulso de diversos países, entre os quais França, Japão, Reino Unido. Obteve repercussão para sua causa internacionalista, em especial nos anos 1960 e 1970. Costumava dizer: "Eu não sou uma pessoa sem país, sou apenas uma pessoa sem nacionalidade". Sua tese não chegava a ser original. Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Schweitzer e Albert Einstein foram alguns de seus predecessores. Mas nenhum deles foi a extremos tão radicais quanto Davis. Não apenas por ter efetivamente deixado de portar passaportes, mas por ter expedido, além do seu próprio, cerca de 2,5 milhões outros, por meio do Governo Mundial de Cidadãos do Mundo, que criou em 1953 e manteve vivo por 60 anos. Seu ativismo em favor do direito de todas as pessoas viajarem para onde quisessem sem ter de depender de um documento expedido por um Estado nacional oferece elementos para dis• cussões importante na agenda contemporânea das relações internacionais, como a situação de deslocados, refugiados e expatriados por conflitos, guerras civis, catástrofes humanitárias e até de contestadores políticos como Julian Assange e Edward Snowden. Ele nasceu no Maine em 1921, e foi batizado como Sol Gareth Davis. Seu pai, Meyer Davis, era uma celebridade no mundo do show business, músico e empresário, que agenciou até 80 orquestras simultaneamente, quando as big bands estavam no auge do sucesso, o que lhe per• mitiu oferecer à família, inclusive ao jovem Garry, uma vida de muito luxo. Sua primeira profissão foi de ator e cantor, tendo atuado em algumas peças na Broadway em papeis menores ou como substituto de grandes nomes, como Danny Kaye. Isso não durou muito porque em 1941, ele e seu irmão mais velho, Bud, foram convocados para lutar na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Bud morreu num combate naval em 1943. Garry sobreviveu, mas traumatizado. Em sua autobiografia, afirma que a epifania ocorreu quando ele e seus colegas bombardea• vam Brandenburg, já no final da guerra. Depois de ter renunciado à cidadania americana, fixou (a rios Eduardo Uns da Silva é o editor desta revista. 141 VOL 22 N" 2 OUT /NOV /DEZ 2013 PASSAGENS residência em Paris, e teve seu primeiro momento de fama quando, em 1948, invadiu uma reu• nião das Nações Unidas para protestar contra os Estados nacionais. Seu ato teve grande repercussão, e muitos intelectuais, como Albert Camus, se solidarizaram com Davis, que começou a falar a auditórios cada vez mais cheios na capital francesa sobre suas teses. Chegou a reunir 20 mil espectadores em uma dessas palestras. Em 1953, sua entidade passou a emitir passaportes de cidadãos do mundo, que alguns países chegaram reconhecer (atualmente, Burkina Faso, Equador, Mauritânia, Tanzânia, Togo e Zâmbia). Segundo o Governo Mundial de Cidadãos do Mundo, que agora tem sede em Washington, 950 mil pessoas portam esse documento em 2013. A organização cobra US$ 45 por um passaporte com validade de três anos e US$ 450 por um de 15 anos. Esta é uma das principais fontes de receita do Governo Mundial (outras são os di• reitos autorais de livros e artigos de Davis). Seus detratores o acusavam de vender ilusões a pessoas ignorantes e destituídas, que acreditam estar obtendo um documento legal quando pagam pelo passaporte, que não é aceito por quase nenhum governo. Além de sua atividade como internacionalista, Davis ainda conseguiu se candidatar a pre• feito de Washington, DC, em 1986, e obteve 585 votos. Também se registrou para concorrer à Presidência dos EUA em 1968, mas sua candidatura não foi registrada. A última vez em que se tornou notícia foi este ano, quando enviou (de graça) passaportes do Governo Mundial para Julian Assange, que está asilado na Embaixada do Equador em Londres, e Edward Snowden, temporariamente exilado na Rússia. Até agora não se tem notícia se eles tentaram ou pretendem tentar usá-Io. Setembro de 2013 142 POLlTlCA EXTERNA.
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