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Home , Female infanticide, Femicide, Foeticide, Infanticide

DATA COLLECTION ON

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CHALLENGES FOR DATA COLLECTION

• No international defintion of “femicide” • Terminology of femicide not adapted to statistical purposes • Lack of disaggregated approaches to data collection • Technical obstacles in data collection at national level

LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT

Victims’ Istanbul Rights Convention Directive

Report of CEDAW GR UNODC 35 (49) (2019) & Road Map DEFINITIONS BY ACADEMIA

The killing of females by males because they are females (Russell, D. 1976) The of women by men motivated by hatred, contempt, pleasure or a sense of ownership over women (Caputi and Russell 1990) The misogynistic killings of women by men (Radford & Russell, 1992)

DEFINITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

Vienna WHO MESECVI ICCS Declaration (UN) Femicide is the The The violent killing of women An unlawful death killing of women and intentional because because of gender, inflicted upon a because of their murder of whether it occurs within the person with the gender women family, domestic unit or any intent to cause because they other interpersonal death or serious are women relationship, within the injury community, by any individual or when committed or tolerated by the state or its agents, either by act or omission COMPONENTS

Intentional Killing 24

Death related to unsafe 14

FGM-related death 9

Killing of a partner or espouse 7

Gender-based act and/or killing of a 6

Death of women resultinf of IPV 5

COMPONENTS OF FEMICIDE OF COMPONENTS -related deaths

Females

Honour-based Killings

0 10 20 30 NUMBER OF MEMBER STATES COMPONENTS

KEY COMPONENTS

Gender Gender inequalities motivation EIGE’s DEFINITION AND INDICATOR

The killing of a woman by an intimate partner and the death of a woman as a result of a practice that is harmful to women. Intimate partner is understood as a former or current spouse or partner, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence with the victim.

Women victims of intimate femicide aged 18 and over committed by an intimate partner, as a share of women victims of aged 18 and over TYPOLOGIES

UN Symposium of WHO MESECVI ICCS Femicide The murder of women WHO defines most Intimate femicide Intentional as a result of intimate cases of femicide as homicide partner violence; being committed by Non-intimate femicide statistics includes: partners or ex-partners, Murder, The torture and and involve ongoing Child femicide misogynist slaying of abuse in the home, Deadly assault, women threats or intimidation, Family femicide or , Killing of women and situations where women Femicide because of girls in the name of have less power or association/connection Terrorism, “honour”; fewer resources than their partner. Systematic sexual femicide Femicide, Targeted killing of women and girls in the Intimate femicide Femicide because of , context of armed or stigmatized conflict; occupations Voluntary small arms TYPOLOGIES

UN Symposium of Femicide WHO Latin American Model ICCS Dowry-related killings of women; Murder in the Femicide because of Extrajudicial name of honour trafficking killings, illegal Killing of women and girls because of their killing by or sexual orientation and gender identity Dowry-related Femicide because of military. femicide smuggling The killing of aboriginal and indigenous It excludes women and girls because of their gender Non-intimate Transphobic femicide attempted femicide. homicide, and gender-based sex includes sexual Lesbophobia femicide justifiable self- selection foeticide; assault defence, assisted sometimes Racist femicide , Genital mutilation related deaths referred to as , and sexual femicide. Femicide because of abortion. Accusations of female genital mutilation

Other connected with gangs, organized crime, drug dealers, trafficking COMMON / UNIQUE TYPES

COMMONALITIES LESS COMMON UNIQUES

• Intimate famicide. • Dowry-related Killing • Torture and Killing by former • Honor based misogynist slaying of partner or spouse. killings women • Sexually motivated • Killing of women and • Racist femicide - The femcide girls because of their killing of aboriginal and indigenous • Honor based sexual orientation women and girls . killings and gender identity • Transphobic femicide • Female infanticide and gender-based foeticide • FGM

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Death in Death the related to context of unsafe IPV Female abortion foeticide

National Gender- Intentiona motivated Dowry definitions l Killing killings related deaths of Femicide

Female So- Killing by genital called a partner mutilation “honour or spouse -related killing” death COMPONENTS FOR FEMICIDE

RELATION SHIP

OVERKILL

FEMICIDE

SEPARATI SEXUAL ON VIOLENCE

COERCIVE CONTROL MINIMUM DATASET

• Sex, gender identity, • Relationship, history of nationality, , previous aggression, disability protection orders

Perpe-

Victim trator

Con- Modus textual operandi

• Previous history of violence, • Sexual violence, mutilations, location, connected victims, trafficking, unintentional presence of children homicide NEXT STEPS

The following steps are suggestions on how to proceed, as to improve the European data collection on femicide:

1. European definition of femicide 2. Establishment of common typologies 3. Defining EU indicators on femicide 4. Agreement of defining variables DISCUSSION POINTS

• Is femicide defined at national level (legally, statistically, academically)?

• What parameters are used (if any) to establish the killing as a gender-motivated (femicide) such as relationship, ways in which the killing was committed, etc.?

• Which information on femicide/homicide is already collected?

• Does any classification of femicide exist in the country?

• Do police categorise investigations by homicide characteristics?

• How are/can investigative findings be translated into statistical data?

• Who has access to data on homicide/femicide?