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Data Collection on Femicide

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Data Collection on Femicide DATA COLLECTION ON FEMICIDE Image Copyright:fizkes's/Shutterstock.com CHALLENGES FOR DATA COLLECTION • No international defintion of “femicide” • Terminology of femicide not adapted to statistical purposes • Lack of disaggregated approaches to data collection • Technical obstacles in data collection at national level LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT Victims’ Istanbul Rights Convention Directive Report of CEDAW GR UNODC 35 (49) (2019) & Road Map DEFINITIONS BY ACADEMIA The killing of females by males because they are females (Russell, D. 1976) The murder of women by men motivated by hatred, contempt, pleasure or a sense of ownership over women (Caputi and Russell 1990) The misogynistic killings of women by men (Radford & Russell, 1992) DEFINITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS Vienna WHO MESECVI ICCS Declaration (UN) Femicide is the The The violent killing of women An unlawful death killing of women and intentional because because of gender, inflicted upon a girls because of their murder of whether it occurs within the person with the gender women family, domestic unit or any intent to cause because they other interpersonal death or serious are women relationship, within the injury community, by any individual or when committed or tolerated by the state or its agents, either by act or omission COMPONENTS Intentional Killing 24 Death related to unsafe abortion 14 FGM-related death 9 Killing of a partner or espouse 7 Gender-based act and/or killing of a woman 6 Death of women resultinf of IPV 5 COMPONENTS OF FEMICIDE OF COMPONENTS Dowry-related deaths Females foeticide Honour-based Killings 0 10 20 30 NUMBER OF MEMBER STATES COMPONENTS KEY COMPONENTS Gender Gender inequalities motivation EIGE’s DEFINITION AND INDICATOR The killing of a woman by an intimate partner and the death of a woman as a result of a practice that is harmful to women. Intimate partner is understood as a former or current spouse or partner, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence with the victim. Women victims of intimate femicide aged 18 and over committed by an intimate partner, as a share of women victims of homicide aged 18 and over TYPOLOGIES UN Symposium of WHO MESECVI ICCS Femicide The murder of women WHO defines most Intimate femicide Intentional as a result of intimate cases of femicide as homicide partner violence; being committed by Non-intimate femicide statistics includes: partners or ex-partners, Murder, The torture and and involve ongoing Child femicide misogynist slaying of abuse in the home, Deadly assault, women threats or intimidation, Family femicide sexual violence or Assassination, Killing of women and situations where women Femicide because of girls in the name of have less power or association/connection Terrorism, “honour”; fewer resources than their partner. Systematic sexual femicide Femicide, Targeted killing of women and girls in the Intimate femicide Femicide because of Infanticide, context of armed prostitution or stigmatized conflict; occupations Voluntary small arms manslaughter TYPOLOGIES UN Symposium of Femicide WHO Latin American Model ICCS Dowry-related killings of women; Murder in the Femicide because of Extrajudicial name of honour trafficking killings, illegal Killing of women and girls because of their killing by police or sexual orientation and gender identity Dowry-related Femicide because of military. femicide smuggling The killing of aboriginal and indigenous It excludes women and girls because of their gender Non-intimate Transphobic femicide attempted femicide. homicide, Female infanticide and gender-based sex includes sexual Lesbophobia femicide justifiable self- selection foeticide; assault defence, assisted sometimes Racist femicide suicide, Genital mutilation related deaths referred to as euthanasia, and sexual femicide. Femicide because of abortion. Accusations of witchcraft female genital mutilation Other femicides connected with gangs, organized crime, drug dealers, human trafficking COMMON / UNIQUE TYPES COMMONALITIES LESS COMMON UNIQUES • Intimate famicide. • Dowry-related Killing • Torture and Killing by former • Honor based misogynist slaying of partner or spouse. killings women • Sexually motivated • Killing of women and • Racist femicide - The femcide girls because of their killing of aboriginal and indigenous • Honor based sexual orientation women and girls . killings and gender identity • Transphobic femicide • Female infanticide and gender-based sex selection foeticide • FGM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Death in Death the related to context of unsafe IPV Female abortion foeticide National Gender- Intentiona motivated Dowry definitions l Killing killings related deaths of Femicide Female So- Killing by genital called a partner mutilation “honour or spouse -related killing” death COMPONENTS FOR FEMICIDE RELATION SHIP OVERKILL MISOGYNY FEMICIDE SEPARATI SEXUAL ON VIOLENCE COERCIVE CONTROL MINIMUM DATASET • Sex, gender identity, • Relationship, history of nationality, pregnancy, previous aggression, disability protection orders Perpe- Victim trator Con- Modus textual operandi • Previous history of violence, • Sexual violence, mutilations, location, connected victims, trafficking, unintentional presence of children homicide NEXT STEPS The following steps are suggestions on how to proceed, as to improve the European data collection on femicide: 1. European definition of femicide 2. Establishment of common typologies 3. Defining EU indicators on femicide 4. Agreement of defining variables DISCUSSION POINTS • Is femicide defined at national level (legally, statistically, academically)? • What parameters are used (if any) to establish the killing as a gender-motivated (femicide) such as relationship, ways in which the killing was committed, etc.? • Which information on femicide/homicide is already collected? • Does any classification of femicide exist in the country? • Do police categorise investigations by homicide characteristics? • How are/can investigative findings be translated into statistical data? • Who has access to data on homicide/femicide? .
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