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Siri Hustvedt's the Blindfold and What I Loved a Study of Destructiveness in Art and the Human Psyche

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Siri Hustvedt's the Blindfold and What I Loved a Study of Destructiveness in Art and the Human Psyche View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Siri Hustvedt's The Blindfold and What I Loved A Study of Destructiveness in Art and the Human Psyche Mats Bjerke A Thesis Presented to the Department of Literature, Area studies and European Languages In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.A. Degree Supervisor: Erik Kielland-Lund June 2014 II Siri Hustvedt's The Blindfold and What I Loved A Study of Destructiveness in Art and the Human Psyche Fig. 1. Francisco Goya, "#43, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters" in Caprichos 1799 III © Mats Bjerke 2014 Siri Hustvedt’s The Blindfold and What I Loved: A Study of Destructiveness in Art and the Human Psyche Mats Bjerke http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Acknowledgements I am immensely grateful to the following contributors to this thesis: - Erik Kielland-Lund, supervisor, for agreeing to supervise me, and for giving sound advice, and prompt and thorough feedback. - Synnøve Ness Bjerke, psychiatrist, eager Hustvedt-reader and mother, for her enthusiasm, numerous rereadings and extensive moral support. - Kjetil Albertsen, fellow student, for his methodical editing and knowing suggestions. - Ida Therese Grande for love, encouragement and patience. - Randi Egeland (Hustvedt-reader and student of medicine), Susan Falkenås (student of aesthetics) and Sigbjørn André Ulstein Pilskog (artist) for proofreading and valuable insights. - Family and friends for motivation and diversion. V VI Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Topic ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology and Outline ....................................................................................................... 3 The Works .............................................................................................................................. 5 The Blindfold ...................................................................................................................... 5 What I Loved ...................................................................................................................... 6 Terminology and Theory ........................................................................................................ 7 Chapter I : What I Loved ...................................................................................................... 13 Destructive tendencies in the main characters ..................................................................... 13 Destructiveness in Art and its Connection to Life ............................................................... 21 Chapter II: The Blindfold ...................................................................................................... 31 Destructiveness in Psychology and Life .............................................................................. 33 Destructiveness in Art and its Effect on the Characters and the Reader .............................. 41 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 53 Works cited .............................................................................................................................. 57 Fig. 1. Francisco Goya, "#43, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters" in Caprichos 1799 III Fig. 2. Francisco Goya, unused sketch for Caprichos,"Flying Witch" 1797 .......................... 24 Fig. 3. Giorgione, The Tempest c. 1505 ................................................................................... 46 VII VIII Introduction "—the instant shock to my limbic system that comes from seeing a broken human body, the accompanying guilt and shame I feel for my fascination, which mingles with my empathy for the victim". (Hustvedt 2012a 339) Topic Some years ago I read Innocentia Park by Ingvar Ambjørnsen. Thinking back, I cannot remember much of the plot, and I am not sure if I even finished it. One thing sticks with me, however, and that is a man’s relationship with a certain expensive designer chair. The chair strains his back, and precisely for that reason he spends a lot of time sitting in it. Today, I understand this behavior as self-destructiveness without extrinsic motivation. I believe my powerful memory of this particular habit to be a small but significant manifestation of the psycho-aesthetic power destructiveness can have in literature and other art forms. The popularity of the artist Damien Hirst, the film maker Lars Von Trier, and the writer Chuck Palahniuk, indicates that I am by no means alone in this fascination with destructiveness. In a wider sense, this thesis concerns itself with destructiveness and the nature of its attraction, and within this context I focus specifically on the interplay between art and psychology. The primary source of reference for this thesis is the American author Siri Hustvedt. In addition to a considerable amount of nonfiction about art, psychology, neuroscience and literature, Hustvedt has so far written six novels. The focus will be on the first, The Blindfold (1993), and the third, What I Loved (2003), henceforth referred to as TB and WIL. Their unfolding narratives, seen from the respective viewpoints of a young female student of literature and an aging male art historian, are somewhat different when it comes to content, form and style, but there are many similarities when it comes to the incorporation of destructive elements in the works. Their diversity also permits a more complete coverage of destructiveness than if I had compared WIL to, for instance, 1 Hustvedt’s more similar novel, The Sorrows of an American (2009). This is because The Sorrows of an American has a middle-aged male historian as its protagonist and also shares an important central topic with WIL, namely grief. As Leo and Erica’s incompatible grief processes over the death of their son in WIL end up ruining their marriage, this topic is highly relatable to destructiveness. Still, it seems more fruitful to play Leo and Erica’s breakup against the destructive relationship patterns of Iris and her men in TB. Destructiveness in relationships, both romantic and non-romantic, is one of several types of destructiveness which are represented in the two novels. The abundance of destructiveness-related phenomena is, as mentioned, one of the main reasons why I have chosen these novels, but there is more about these books and this subject matter that motivated my choice. I have previously studied both art and psychology, in addition to working in psychiatric institutions witnessing destructive behavior in clinical context. In TB and WIL, both psychology and art are central domains where destructiveness plays important roles. My background therefore makes an interdisciplinary approach to literature, art and psychology both possible and academically inspiring to me. What I address in my research is: “in what ways, and with what effects, do destructiveness in art and destructiveness in the human psyche relate to one another in Siri Hustvedt’s The Blindfold and What I Loved?” In this question lies a presupposition that destructiveness in art and destructiveness in the human psyche are clearly related. The different ways these features relate to one another are many and manifested on different levels, but my main presupposition is that a piece of art with a destructive theme and/or style will resonate in destructive tendencies in both its maker and its recipient1. I have further supposed that this resonance or “mixing” (Hustvedt’s term to be explained later) has the potential of opening doors, shedding light from new angles, breaking old boundaries, and thus facilitating insight and possible acceptance and incorporation of repressed thoughts and desires. Still, I anticipate that the fruitful potential of destructiveness in art may have its limits, and that when these limits are crossed, the results may be unaccompanied destruction or destruction with too 1 I refer to the individual member of an artwork's audience as "recipient" because, unlike "beholder" and "spectator" etc., it does not semantically discriminate against nonvisual artworks and nonvisual aspects of visual artworks. Among others, Alfred Gell uses "recipient" in Art and Agency (1998). 2 expensively bought gain. I am generally interested in exploring the limit to when too much of a bad thing is indisputably bad, and remain convinced that TB and WIL may provide a suitable landscape where one can study this threshold from different angles. It is important to note that in addition to the real and fictional artists she depicts, Hustvedt is herself regarded as an artist and the reader as a recipient of her art. A novel is both a container of art and a work of creative art in itself. Methodology and Outline The main scholarly method is close reading and subsequent analysis of passages that relate to destructiveness in Hustvedt's novels. Theory is primarily used to nuance and support my interpretations, which again are based on the analysis. Another tool which has helped increase the understanding of the works, is the search function inside electronic editions of the novels. Immediate access to information which otherwise would have demanded the research capacity
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