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Tour of the Mishnah the Fifth Book of Mishnah: Kodashim

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Tour of the Mishnah the Fifth Book of Mishnah: Kodashim ב"ה P a g e | 1 Tour of the Mishnah The Fifth Book of Mishnah: Kodashim By Rabbi Yosef Shaffer לע"נ הרה"ח הוו"ח ר' גדלי' ירחמיא-ל בן מיכל ע"ה שייפער In loving memory of Reb Gedaliah Shaffer O.B.M. Zeraim Moed Nashim Nezikin Kodshim Taharos Agricultural Shabbat and Marriage and Civil and The Holy Laws of ritual Mitzvos Holidays Divorce Judicial Law Temple purity Zevachim Menachos Chullin Bechoros Erchin Temurah Kreisos Meilah Tamid Middos Kinnim Zevachim: Procedures for most animal and bird Korbanos (offerings). משנה מסכת זבחים פרק ה משנה ז: שלמים קדשים קלים שחיטתן בכל מקום בעזרה ודמן טעון שתי מתנות שהן ארבע ונאכלין בכל העיר לכל אדם בכל מאכל לשני ימים ולילה אחד המורם מהם כיוצא בהן אלא שהמורם נאכל לכהנים לנשיהם ולבניהם ולעבדיהם: משנה מסכת זבחים פרק י משנה א: כל התדיר מחבירו קודם את חבירו התמידים קודמין למוספין מוספי שבת קודמין למוספי ראש חדש מוספי ראש חדש קודמין למוספי ראש השנה שנאמר )במדבר כח( מלבד עולת הבקר אשר לעולת התמיד תעשו את אלה: 1.(The) Shelamim (type of Offerings) are Kodshim Kalim (they possess a lower level of sanctity than certain other Offerings). They may be slaughtered anywhere in the (Temple) Courtyard. Their blood is applied (to two opposing corners of the Altar) with two applications that are four (i.e. the application at each corner reaches two walls of the Altar). They (the parts given to the person bringing the Offering) may be eaten anywhere in the city (Jerusalem), by anyone (not just a Kohen), for two days and (the) night (in between. Anything left over then must be burnt). What is ‘removed’ from them (certain parts of the animal specified in the Torah) has similar rules except that it may be eaten only be Kohanim, their wives, their children, and their servants. 2. Something (an Offering) that is more frequent takes precedence. (Therefore) the (daily) Tamid precedes the (Shabbat and Holiday) Musaf. The Shabbat Musaf precedes the Rosh Chodesh (new month) Musaf. The Rosh Chodesh Musaf precedes the Rosh Hashanah Musaf. As the Torah states: (Numbers 28) “aside from the morning olah of the Tamid olah shall you do all these. Menachos: Korbanos brought from flour, sometimes baked into wafers, or mixed with oil and frankincense. משנה מסכת מנחות פרק ג משנה ז: שבעה קני מנורה מעכבין זה את זה שבעה נרותיה מעכבין זה את זה שתי פרשיות שבמזוזה מעכבות זו את זו ואפילו כתב אחד מעכבן ארבע פרשיות שבתפילין מעכבות זו את זו ואפילו כתב אחד מעכבן ארבע ציציות מעכבות זו את זו שארבעתן מצוה אחת ר' ישמעאל אומר ארבעתן ארבע מצות: Tour of the Mishnah: Kodshim www.chabad.org/1432578 ב"ה P a g e | 2 The seven branches of the Menorah are all essential (i.e. if one is missing the Menorah is invalid), as are its’ seven lamps. The two Torah portions (written in) a Mezuzaah are both essential, even one letter (attached to another letter, for example) can invalidate (the Mezuzah). The four Torah portions (written in) Tefillin are all essential, even one letter can invalidate them The four Tzitzit (fringes at the corners of a four-cornered garment) are all essential. R’ Yishmael says they are four distinct Mitzvos. Chullin: Laws of slaughter kosher animals for everyday use. משנה מסכת חולין פרק ו משנה א: כיסוי הדם נוהג בארץ ובחוצה לארץ בפני הבית ושלא בפני הבית בחולין אבל לא במוקדשין ונוהג בחיה ובעוף במזומן ובשאינו מזומן ונוהג בכוי מפני שהוא ספק ואין שוחטין אותו ביום טוב ואם שחטו אין מכסין את דמו: The Mitzvah of) covering the blood (of an animal immediately after slaughter) applies both in Israel and outside Israel, in the time of the Bais Hamikdash as well as after, with unsanctified animals as well as sanctified ones (offerings). It applies to undomesticated animals and to birds… Bechoros: The sanctification and redemption of animal and human firstborns. Erchin: Procedures for dedicating funds to the Temple, specifically by pledging one’s ‘erech’, one’s ‘worth’ (as delineated in the Torah). Temurah: The attempt to substitute an ordinary animal for a sanctified one is forbidden. The result is that both are sanctified. Kreisos: Commandments for which the penalty is karet (spiritual excision) as well as the sacrifices associated with their (unwitting) violation. Meilah: Laws of restitution for embezzlement or misappropriation of Temple property. Tamid: The daily Tamid procedure. משנה מסכת תמיד פרק ג משנה א: אמר להם הממונה בואו והפיסו מי שוחט מי זורק מי מדשן מזבח הפנימי מי מדשן את המנורה מי מעלה אברים לכבש הראש והרגל ושתי הידים העוקץ והרגל החזה והגרה ושתי דפנות הקרבים והסלת והחביתים והיין הפיסו זכה מי שזכה: משנה ב: אמר להם הממונה צאו וראו אם הגיע זמן השחיטה אם הגיע הרואה אומר ברקאי מתיא בן שמואל אומר האיר פני כל המזרח עד שהוא בחברון והוא אומר הין: 1.The Deputy tells them “come and draw lots’ (to see) who shall slaughter (the Tamid), throw (its) blood, remove the ash from the inner Altar, clean out the Menorah, bring up the limbs (of the Tamid), bing the oil, the chavitin… the wine (each job is assigned to a different kohen). Mishna 2. The deputy says “Go out and see if the time for slaughtering (dawn) has arrived. If it had the one seeing it would say “barkai!”. R’ Masya ben Shmuel says: “He would be asked ‘is the eastern sky lit up until Hevron?’ and would answer yes. Tour of the Mishnah: Kodshim www.chabad.org/1432578 ב"ה P a g e | 3 Middos: Dimensions and measurements of the second Temple. משנה ב: כל הנכנסין להר הבית נכנסין דרך ימין ומקיפין ויוצאין דרך שמאל חוץ ממי שאירעו דבר שהוא מקיף לשמאל מה לך מקיף לשמאל שאני אבל השוכן בבית הזה ינחמך שאני מנודה השוכן בבית הזה יתן בלבם ויקרבוך דברי רבי מאיר אמר לו רבי יוסי עשיתן כאילו עברו עליו את הדין אלא השוכן בבית הזה יתן בלבך ותשמע לדברי חבריך ויקרבוך: All who enter the Temple Mount enter from the right, circle, and leave on their left (hand side), aside from one who has experienced ‘an incident’ who enters and leaves on the left. (Those who observe this ask him): “Why do you walk on the left”? “For I am in mourning”, “May He who dwells in this House comfort you”. (If he says:) “for I am shunned (placed under a mild form of excommunication)” (they say :) May He who dwells in this House bring about a reconciliation with your colleagues”. R’ Yose says: “This implies that they have violated the law”, rather (tell him): “May He who dwells in this House put into your heart that you obey your colleagues and they draw you close”. Kinnim: Laws for situations where the mixing of bird-offerings occurred. Tour of the Mishnah: Kodshim www.chabad.org/1432578 .
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