Nether Yeadon is a place of special character and historic interest. This appraisal and management plan sets out the features that contributeTemple Mill, Marshallto its Street. 1842 by Joseph Bosomy distinctiveness and identifies opportunities for its protection and enhancement. Nether Yeadon CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL & MANAGEMENT PLAN Draft for Consultation 26th January to 9th March 2015 Temple Mill, Marshall Street. 1842 by Joseph Bosomy DEADLINE FOR CONSULTAION COMMENTS - 9TH MARCH 2015 and it is therefore unique in its context Overview and within the locality. Summary of special interest The Conservation Area contains some increased density to the North of New The Nether Yeadon Conservation Area Road, in Henshaw, but the majority of represents a rare survival of older rural the area is defined by open vistas, and very early industrial townscape of country lanes and a loosely interlinked sparsely populated, but interlinked pattern of buildings that all contribute farmsteads, cottages and houses that to the overriding character. historically defined the earlier origins of much of the Rawdon area. The open There has been no extensive loss or spaces, landscape, views and exposed damage to the Conservation Area but character all contribute to this highly loss of historic window frames has been distinctive and unique place. extensive where older sash windows have been replaced by casement fenestration. Sometimes historic Summary of issues mullions have been removed also. Nether Yeadon retains the open There is also good survival of historic Temple Mill, Marshall Street. 1842 by Joseph Bosomy character, built forms and landscape walling in the area, although historic dry that represent a rare survival of pre stone, field walls have been eroded due industrialised settlement patterns in this to lack of maintenance, damage and Top: The isolated, ‘wind blown’ area. Many nearby Conservation Areas changing farming techniques. Ancient setting of High Fold, so character- such as Rawdon Little London and Little hedgerows also flank Warm Lane and istic of a traditional Yorkshire Moor all began life as similar sparsely are of historic interest. Farm. Below: Cottages on Gill populated, semi agricultural settlements Lane. Right: The rural character that were later in-filled by terrace forms The settlement has seen little change in of Gill Lane which is also a defin- as population and local employment 200 years except for some minor infill ing local characteristic. opportunities increased and industry which has eroded some elements of the became more mechanised. historic environment and setting of some historic buildings, but to a lesser Early water powered industry became extent than some other areas. The established in Nether Yeadon but halted mature woodland and the local main new infill was the new housing on prior to mass industrialisation and as topography. what was the old gasworks site, now such the Character of the Conservation Pennythorn Drive, which makes an Area is one that halted on the cusp of All new build schemes should be attempt to pay attention to the responsive in terms of form, materials change from rural community, to character of the area. The extensive industrial town. and local character and be based upon mass housing around Greanlea Road sound understanding and analysis of contributes nothing to the setting of the Nether Yeadon represents a rare the Conservation Area including Conservation Area but is also survivalTemple ofMill, this Marshall older settlement Street. form respecting the ‘isolated’ or landscaped 1842 by Joseph Bosomy fortunately sheltered by extensive setting of important listed buildings. 2 The Listed Buildings of Low Hall, Location and Context High Fold, Old Rawdon Manse and 24/26 Gill Lane are included. Nether Yeadon has been designated as a new Conservation Area based upon St John’s Church forms the the area’s special architectural and northern boundary and the historic interest. The Conservation Area junction of Gill Lane leading to covers the rural and semi rural areas Greanlea Road form the southern around Gill Lane and Warm Lane, but boundary. also contains Henshaw whose relationship to Nether Yeadon has always been interlinked. The farmsteads and cottages are loosely arranged around the triangular area of land between Gill Lane and Warm Lane and this acts as a focal point and place of orientation for the settlement. Buildings are visibly interlinked and footpaths criss-cross this area and formed historic routes that Temple Mill, Marshall Street. 1842 by Joseph Bosomy respected contemporary desire lines from the early industry that was located along Yeadon Gill. The more densely populated Henshaw is a much tighter grain and represents the more developed but historically related character of the area. The Conservation Area boundary is shown on the map, right, the main Conservation Area Boundary for Nether Yeadon. areas of designation are as follows: The open fields to the south that are important for the setting of the The core of the Conservation Conservation Area as well as the historical) links between High Green and the later turnpike Area is focussed around the setting of the listed buildings of Fold Farm the row of cottages at Leeds Road. open space between Gill Lane High Fold and Old Rawdon Gyllroyd and Low Hall. and Warm Lane and extends into Manse. The early water powered Henshaw to the North East. The tight urban forms of industrial sites alongside Yeadon The important open space Henshaw and its historic Gill. between Warm Lane and Gill relationship to Nether Yeadon Temple Mill, Marshall Street. Lane that maintains visual (and 1842 by Joseph Bosomy 3 Yeadon do survive in other areas in the Location and context vicinity but the majority have been altered significantly (from 19th century Location and setting industrial development), completely changing their original rural setting. Nether Yeadon is located between Across the Conservation Area are the Leeds and Bradford approximately 9 historic sunken lanes of Gill Lane and miles northwest of Leeds City Centre. It Warm Lane with a series of public is located in the ward of Guiseley and footpaths running from them. These Yeadon and makes up the part of the lanes originally serviced the three water Aireborough district. Contained in the mills in the valley that represent the conservation area are 8 listed buildings, early industry that once existed here. which include examples of early Yeomen's houses and agricultural Geology, topography and buildings (within an established landscape setting agricultural setting). These types of buildings create the special rural The underlying geology of this site is character of the Nether Yeadon Area. Lower Coal Measures comprising of Building types as found in Nether sandstone and millstone grit. (British Temple Mill, Marshall Street. 1842 by Joseph Bosomy Above: Sandstone (yellow) and Millstone Grit (green) underlay Nether Yeadon and have been the traditional building materials throughout its history. Geological Survey 2009). Much of this raw material has traditionally been quarried locally and dictated the area’s aesthetic and vernacular form. The landscape is mainly of an open rural agricultural nature overlooking isolated farm steads and the Upper Aire valley. Temple Mill, Marshall Street. 1842 by Joseph Bosomy 4 kingdom of Northumbria. Historic development It is likely that the sunken lanes of Warm Origins and historic settlement Lane and Gill Lane were ancient routes and this is illustrated in the 1807 Tithe Yeadon consisted of individual settle- Award Map which mentions ‘the ancient ments (Upper Yeadon, Nether Yeadon routes’ around Mill Gill. The lanes led and Henshaw) the latter two settlements directly to Yeadon from the 12th Century were clustered around their own area of priory at Esholt and much of the surround- open space or village green. Nether ing land was leased to the nunnery at this Yeadon Green is mentioned in the 1807 time by John de Yeadon. Evidence shows Tithe Award and was located between that John gave an annuity from his mill Henshaw and Gill Lane where New Road (The Old Corn Mill, Yeadon Gill) towards now runs. the support of a chaplain to the priory. The name Yeadon comes from the Old Esholt Priory, also known as St Leonard’s English words for ‘High Hill’ and would Priory was founded in 1172 and had a have perfectly described the location of powerful influence on the area, becoming Yeadon town centre situated around a an essential part of the local economy. mile from the Conservation Area. The Several records survive including the Court name Nether Yeadon literally means Rolls that record the social justice adminis- Temple Mill, Marshall Street. 1842 by Joseph Bosomy ‘Lesser High Hill’ which may suggest that tered by the Priory in the middle ages. Nether Yeadon was named at a later date The importance of local resources was after the early English meaning had been also mentioned in the rolls with clear em- forgotten. Evidence from Aerial photo- phasis being placed upon the importance graphs in 2008 revealed a curved earth- of good land management. For instance work feature on the summit of Yeadon in 1539 there were 34 acres containing Haw that may reinforce the position of 260 Oak Trees worth around £11.33. In a Upper Yeadon as being the older, princi- record some 200 years older it is recorded ple settlement. that a larger area of lesser managed Above: The 1775 Jeffery’s Map woodland was worth substantially less, so showing the topography and land- Possibly the earliest written reference to forestry management was an important mark buildings of the time. Esholt Yeadon however comes from the early resource where the land was being used Hall, Upper Yeadon and Nether 8th Century AD regarding a gift of land to efficiently and productively. Yeadon are all clearly shown. The Bishop Wilfrid of Ripon in 678 as being in older roads are marked in yellow ‘Gaedyne’.