DOCSLIB.ORG

Two-Photon Excitation of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 7<Sup>

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Two-Photon Excitation of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 7<Sup> Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT Scholar Theses and Dissertations Student Graduate Works 3-23-2018 Two-Photon Excitation of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 72D, 82D Kinetics and Spectroscopy Ricardo C. Davila Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.afit.edu/etd Part of the Engineering Physics Commons Recommended Citation Davila, Ricardo C., "Two-Photon Excitation of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 72D, 82D Kinetics and Spectroscopy" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 1744. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/1744 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Graduate Works at AFIT Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AFIT Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TWO-PHOTON EXCITATION OF CESIUM ALKALI METAL VAPOR 72D, 82D KINETICS AND SPECTROSCOPY DISSERTATION Ricardo C. Davila, Civilian, USAF AFIT-ENP-DS-18-M-076 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED The views expressed in this dissertation are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. AFIT-ENP-DS-18-M-076 TWO-PHOTON EXCITATION OF CESIUM ALKALI METAL VAPOR 72D, 82D KINETICS AND SPECTROSCOPY DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Engineering Physics Ricardo C. Davila, M.S. Civilian, USAF March 2018 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED AFIT-ENP-DS-18-M-076 TWO-PHOTON EXCITATION OF CESIUM ALKALI METAL VAPOR 72D, 82D KINETICS AND SPECTROSCOPY Ricardo C. Davila, M.S. Civilian, USAF Committee Membership: Glen P. Perram, PhD Chairman Kevin C. Gross, PhD Member Mark E. Oxley, PhD Member ADEDJI B. BADIRU, PhD Dean, Graduate School of Engineering and Management AFIT-ENP-DS-18-M-076 Abstract 2 2 Pulsed excitation on the two-photon Cs 6 S 1=2 −! 7 D3=2;5=2 transition results in time-resolved fluorescence at 697 nm and 672 nm. The rates for fine structure mixing 2 between the 7 D3=2;5=2 states have been measured for helium and argon rare gas collision partners. The mixing rates are very fast, 1:26 ± 0:05 × 10−9 cm3=(atom sec) for He and 1:52 ± 0:05 × 10−10 cm3=(atom sec) for Ar, driven by the small energy splitting and large radial distribution for the valence electron. The quenching rates are considerably slower, 6:84 ± 0:09 × 10−11 cm3=(atom sec) and 2:65 ± 0:04 × 10−11 cm3=(atom sec) for He and Ar, respectively. The current results are placed in context with similar rates for other alkali-rare gas collision pairs using adiabaticity arguments. 2 2 Pulsed excitation on the two-photon Cs 6 S 1=2 −! 8 D3=2; 5=2 transition results in time- 2 resolved fluorescence at 601 nm. The rates for fine structure mixing between the 8 D3=2; 5=2 states have been measured for helium and argon rare gas collision partners. The mixing rates are very fast, 2:6 ± 0:2 × 10−9 cm3=(atom s) for He and 5:2 ± 0:4 × 10−10 cm3=(atom s) 2 2 for Ar, about 2-3 times faster than for the Cs 7 D5=2 7 D3=2 relaxation. The quenching rates are also rapid, 1:07 ± 0:04 × 10−10 cm3=(atom s) and 9:5 ± 0:7 × 10−11 cm3=(atom s) for He and Ar, respectively. The rapid fine structure rates are explained by the highly impulsive nature of the collisions and the large average distance of the valence electron from the nucleus. Quenching rates (inter-multiplet transfer) are likely enhanced by the closely spaced, 9 2P levels. Stimulated emission on the ultraviolet and blue transitions in Cs has been achieved 2 2 by pumping via two-photon absorption for the pump transition 6 S 1=2 ! 7 D5=2;3=2. The performance of the optically-pumped cesium vapor laser operating in ultraviolet and blue has been extended to 650 nJ/pulse for 387 nm, 1:3 µJ/pulse for 388 nm, 200 nJ/pulse for 455 nm and 500 nJ/pulse for 459 nm. Emission performance improves dramatically as the iv cesium vapor density is increased and no scaling limitations associated with energy pooling or ionization kinetics have been observed. v Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank my wife and daughter for putting up with me during the many hours I spent on course work, research and work demands. Balancing work and family time is not my forte; but, it’s my family’s support and encouragement that keeps me going each day. Second, my mother, father and brother are role models – I can’t thank them enough for the parts they played in my upbringing and encouragement they continue to provide today. Third, I received assistance and friendship from the AFIT laser research team (Capt Wooddy Miller, Ben Eshel, Capt Nate Haluska, Capt. AJ Wallerstein, and Capt Bill Bauer) and my AFRL leadership and co-workers. Many thanks to AFIT ENP’s lab techs, Greg Smith and Mike Ranft, for all their support and special kudos to Chris Rice and Aaron Archibald, whose assistance in my experimental configurations was critical. It was Aaron’s optical bench setup that allowed me to work my two spin-orbit rate experiments. Fourth, I appreciate the help I received from my committee members. Dr Kevin Gross and Dr Mark Oxley were my professors for quantum physics, spectroscopy and mathematics. I enjoyed your courses and your teaching styles. Thank you for giving me a deeper appreciation of physics and math. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Glen Perram. I can’t thank you enough for your patience, mentorship and advisement. I’m glad our paths continue to cross in my current AFRL work. Ricardo C. Davila vi Table of Contents Page Abstract......................................... iv Acknowledgments.................................... vi Table of Contents.................................... vii List of Figures...................................... ix List of Tables...................................... xi List of Symbols..................................... xii I. Introduction.....................................1 II. Background and Literature Review.........................5 2.1 Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL).....................5 2.2 Alkalis.....................................7 2.3 DPAL Spin-orbit Rate Kinetics........................ 13 2.3.1 Pulsed Experiment.......................... 14 2.3.2 Adiabaticity Theory......................... 16 2.4 Cs UV and blue laser emission study..................... 19 III. Spin-orbit Relaxation of Cesium 72D in Mixtures of Helium and Argon..... 22 3.1 Introduction.................................. 22 3.2 Kinetic Analysis................................ 24 3.3 Experiment.................................. 27 3.4 Results..................................... 29 3.5 Discussion................................... 34 3.6 Conclusions.................................. 34 IV. Time Resolved Fine Structure Mixing of Cesium 8 2D Induced by Helium and Argon........................................ 35 4.1 Introduction.................................. 35 4.2 Methods.................................... 37 4.3 Results..................................... 38 vii Page 4.4 Discussion................................... 42 4.5 Conclusions.................................. 49 V. Ultraviolet and Blue Stimulated Emission from Cs Alkali Vapor Pumped using Two-Photon Absorption............................... 52 5.1 Introduction.................................. 52 5.2 Experiment.................................. 55 5.3 Results..................................... 59 5.4 Discussion................................... 68 5.5 Conclusions.................................. 82 VI. Conclusions..................................... 83 6.1 Work Summary................................ 83 6.2 DPAL Impact................................. 84 6.3 Recommendation for future work....................... 85 6.3.1 Deleterious Processes in the Cesium DPAL Cell........... 85 6.3.2 Full kinetic theory model to explain UV and blue laser emissions. 86 Appendix: Electric Dipole Line Strength Calculation................. 88 Bibliography...................................... 91 viii List of Figures Figure Page 2.1 DPAL energy levels................................6 2.2 Combined Cs number density as a function of temperature........... 10 2.3 Alkali energy levels for n2D fine structure collisional mixing.......... 13 2.4 Alkali probabilities versus adiabaticity...................... 19 3.1 Cs energy level diagram.............................. 23 3.2 Cs fine structure collisional mixing........................ 24 3.3 SO experiment setup............................... 27 3.4 Cs 72D laser excitation spectra.......................... 30 3.5 Cs emission intensity............................... 30 2 2 3.6 Fluorescence decay curves of the Cs 7 D3=2 −! 6 P1=2 emission......... 31 2 2 3.7 Emission on Cs 7 D5=2 −! 6 P3=2 ......................... 32 3.8 Stern-Volmer plot of experimentally derived rates................ 32 3.9 Log probabilities are plotted against the calculated adiabaticities........ 33 4.1 Equipment apparatus and cesium energy levels................. 38 4.2 Fluorescence decay curves............................ 39 2 2 2 4.3 Emission on 8 D3=2 −! 6 P1=2 at 601 nm after
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IA Metals: Alkali Metals
    IA Metals: Alkali Metals INTRODUCTION: The alkali metals are a group in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs). You should remember that there is a separate group called the alkaline earth metals in Group Two. They are a very different family, even though they have a similar name. The seventh member of alkali metals group – francium, is radioactive and so rare that only 20 atoms of francium may exist on Earth at any given moment. The term alkali is derived from an Arabic word meaning “ashes.” PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Shiny Soft (They can all be cut easily with a knife ) Highly reactive at standard temperature and pressure Because of their high reactivity, they must be stored under oil to prevent reaction with air Their density increases as we move from Li to F White/metal coloured Very good conductors of heat and electricity Have the ability to impart colour to the flame. This property of alkali metals is used in their identification. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: The atom of any given alkali metal has only one valence electron. The chemical reactivity of alkali metals increase as we move from the top to the bottom of the group. Like any other metals, ionization potential is very low. In fact, alkali metals have the lowest ionization potential among the elements of any given period of the periodic table. Any alkali metal when comes in contact with air or oxygen, starts burning and oxides are formed in the process. At the end of the chemical reaction, lithium gives lithium monoxide (LiO), sodium gives sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and other alkali metals give superoxides.
    [Show full text]
  • An Alternate Graphical Representation of Periodic Table of Chemical Elements Mohd Abubakr1, Microsoft India (R&D) Pvt
    An Alternate Graphical Representation of Periodic table of Chemical Elements Mohd Abubakr1, Microsoft India (R&D) Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India. [email protected] Abstract Periodic table of chemical elements symbolizes an elegant graphical representation of symmetry at atomic level and provides an overview on arrangement of electrons. It started merely as tabular representation of chemical elements, later got strengthened with quantum mechanical description of atomic structure and recent studies have revealed that periodic table can be formulated using SO(4,2) SU(2) group. IUPAC, the governing body in Chemistry, doesn‟t approve any periodic table as a standard periodic table. The only specific recommendation provided by IUPAC is that the periodic table should follow the 1 to 18 group numbering. In this technical paper, we describe a new graphical representation of periodic table, referred as „Circular form of Periodic table‟. The advantages of circular form of periodic table over other representations are discussed along with a brief discussion on history of periodic tables. 1. Introduction The profoundness of inherent symmetry in nature can be seen at different depths of atomic scales. Periodic table symbolizes one such elegant symmetry existing within the atomic structure of chemical elements. This so called „symmetry‟ within the atomic structures has been widely studied from different prospects and over the last hundreds years more than 700 different graphical representations of Periodic tables have emerged [1]. Each graphical representation of chemical elements attempted to portray certain symmetries in form of columns, rows, spirals, dimensions etc. Out of all the graphical representations, the rectangular form of periodic table (also referred as Long form of periodic table or Modern periodic table) has gained wide acceptance.
    [Show full text]
  • Suppression Mechanisms of Alkali Metal Compounds
    SUPPRESSION MECHANISMS OF ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS Bradley A. Williams and James W. Fleming Chemistry Division, Code 61x5 US Naval Research Lnhoratory Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA INTRODUCTION Alkali metal compounds, particularly those of sodium and potassium, are widely used as fire suppressants. Of particular note is that small NuHCOi particles have been found to be 2-4 times more effective by mass than Halon 1301 in extinguishing both eountertlow flames [ I] and cup- burner flames [?]. Furthermore, studies in our laboratory have found that potassium bicarbonate is some 2.5 times more efficient by weight at suppression than sodium bicarhonatc. The primary limitation associated with the use of alkali metal compounds is dispersal. since all known compounds have very low volatility and must he delivered to the fire either as powders or in (usually aqueous) solution. Although powders based on alkali metals have been used for many years, their mode of effective- ness has not generally been agreed upon. Thermal effects [3],namely, the vaporization of the particles as well as radiative energy transfer out of the flame. and both homogeneous (gas phase) and heterogeneous (surface) chemistry have been postulated as mechanisms by which alkali metals suppress fires [4]. Complicating these issues is the fact that for powders, particle size and morphology have been found to affect the suppression properties significantly [I]. In addition to sodium and potassium, other alkali metals have been studied, albeit to a consider- ably lesser extent. The general finding is that the suppression effectiveness increases with atomic weight: potassium is more effective than sodium, which is in turn more effective than lithium [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Periodic Table
    of the Periodic Table teacher notes Give your students a visual introduction to the families of the periodic table! This product includes eight mini- posters, one for each of the element families on the main group of the periodic table: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Boron/Aluminum Group (Icosagens), Carbon Group (Crystallogens), Nitrogen Group (Pnictogens), Oxygen Group (Chalcogens), Halogens, and Noble Gases. The mini-posters give overview information about the family as well as a visual of where on the periodic table the family is located and a diagram of an atom of that family highlighting the number of valence electrons. Also included is the student packet, which is broken into the eight families and asks for specific information that students will find on the mini-posters. The students are also directed to color each family with a specific color on the blank graphic organizer at the end of their packet and they go to the fantastic interactive table at www.periodictable.com to learn even more about the elements in each family. Furthermore, there is a section for students to conduct their own research on the element of hydrogen, which does not belong to a family. When I use this activity, I print two of each mini-poster in color (pages 8 through 15 of this file), laminate them, and lay them on a big table. I have students work in partners to read about each family, one at a time, and complete that section of the student packet (pages 16 through 21 of this file). When they finish, they bring the mini-poster back to the table for another group to use.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Trends and the S-Block Elements”, Chapter 21 from the Book Principles of General Chemistry (Index.Html) (V
    This is “Periodic Trends and the s-Block Elements”, chapter 21 from the book Principles of General Chemistry (index.html) (v. 1.0M). This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ 3.0/) license. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author (but see below), don't make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. This content was accessible as of December 29, 2012, and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz (http://lardbucket.org) in an effort to preserve the availability of this book. Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. Additionally, per the publisher's request, their name has been removed in some passages. More information is available on this project's attribution page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/attribution.html?utm_source=header). For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/). You can browse or download additional books there. i Chapter 21 Periodic Trends and the s-Block Elements In previous chapters, we used the principles of chemical bonding, thermodynamics, and kinetics to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the chemistry of the elements. Beginning in Chapter 21 "Periodic Trends and the ", we use the periodic table to guide our discussion of the properties and reactions of the elements and the synthesis and uses of some of their commercially important compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Table 1 Periodic Table
    Periodic table 1 Periodic table This article is about the table used in chemistry. For other uses, see Periodic table (disambiguation). The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic numbers (numbers of protons in the nucleus), electron configurations , and recurring chemical properties. Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number, which is typically listed with the chemical symbol in each box. The standard form of the table consists of a grid of elements laid out in 18 columns and 7 Standard 18-column form of the periodic table. For the color legend, see section Layout, rows, with a double row of elements under the larger table. below that. The table can also be deconstructed into four rectangular blocks: the s-block to the left, the p-block to the right, the d-block in the middle, and the f-block below that. The rows of the table are called periods; the columns are called groups, with some of these having names such as halogens or noble gases. Since, by definition, a periodic table incorporates recurring trends, any such table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements and predict the properties of new, yet to be discovered or synthesized, elements. As a result, a periodic table—whether in the standard form or some other variant—provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior, and such tables are widely used in chemistry and other sciences. Although precursors exist, Dmitri Mendeleev is generally credited with the publication, in 1869, of the first widely recognized periodic table.
    [Show full text]
  • (M = K, Rb, Cs) Nanorods
    Journal of Materials Chemistry C Direct Solid-State Nucleation and Charge-Transport Dynamics of Alkali Metal-Intercalated M2Mo6S6 (M = K, Rb, Cs) Nanorods Journal: Journal of Materials Chemistry C Manuscript ID TC-COM-04-2020-001674.R1 Article Type: Communication Date Submitted by the 24-May-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Perryman, Joseph; University of California Davis, Department of Chemistry Kulkarni, Ambarish; University of California Davis Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Velazquez, Jesus; University of California Davis, Department of Chemistry Page 1 of 8 JournalPlease ofdo Materials not adjust Chemistry margins C COMMUNICATION Direct Solid-State Nucleation and Charge-Transport Dynamics of Alkali Metal-Intercalated M2Mo6S6 (M = K, Rb, Cs) Nanorods a b a Received 00th January 20xx, Joseph T. Perryman , Ambarish R. Kulkarni , and Jesús M. Velázquez* Accepted 00th January 20xx DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Microwave-assisted solid-state heating has been employed to which engender tunable small-molecule reduction reactivity and 13 control anisotropic growth of M2Mo6S6 (M = K, Rb, Cs) pseudo- charge-transfer kinetics. CPs have also been successfully integrated Chevrel Phase nanorods without a growth template for the first in energy storage devices where multivalent cations are intercalated time. Pronounced preferential crystal nucleation along the and de-intercalated from the crystal lattice with impressively low hexagonal axis is observed, and electrochemical methods are coulombic restriction.14-16 Furthermore,
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Families of Elements
    Name Class Date CHAPTER 5 The Periodic Table SECTION 3 Families of Elements KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: • What makes up a family of elements? • What properties do the elements in a group share? • Why does carbon form so many compounds? What Are Element Families? Recall that all elements can be classified into three READING TOOLBOX categories: metals, nonmetals, and semiconductors. Organize As you read Scientists classify the elements further into five families. this section, create a chart The atoms of all elements in most families have the same comparing the different number of valence electrons. Thus, members of a family families of elements. Include examples of each family in the periodic table share some properties. and describe the common properties of elements in the Group number Number of valence Name of family family. electrons Group 1 1 Alkali metals Group 2 2 Alkaline-earth metals READING CHECK Groups 3–12 varied Transition metals 1. Identify In general, what Group 17 7 Halogens do all elements in the same family have in common? Group 18 8 (except helium, Noble gases which has 2) What Are the Families of Metals? Many elements are classified as metals. Recall that metals can conduct heat and electricity. Most metals can be stretched and shaped into flat sheets or pulled into wires. Families of metals include the alkali metals, the alkaline-earth metals, and the transition metals. THE ALKALI METALS READING CHECK The elements in Group 1 form a family called the 2. Explain Why are alkali alkali metals.
    [Show full text]
  • Reactive Metals Hazards Packaging
    Document No: RXM20172301 Publication Date: January 23, 2017 Revised Date: October 25, 2017 Hazard Awareness & Packaging Guidelines for Reactive Metals General Due to recent events resulting from reactive metals handling, CEI personnel and clients are being updated regarding special packaging guidelines designed to protect the safety of our personnel, physical assets, and customer environments. CEI’s Materials Management staff, in conjunction with guidelines from third party disposal outlets, has approved these alternative packaging guidelines to provide for safe storage and transportation of affected materials. This protocol primarily impacts water reactive or potentially water reactive metals in elemental form, although there are many compounds that are also affected. The alkali metals are a group in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium, sodium , potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. This group lies in the s-block of the periodic table as all alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital. The alkali metals provide the best example of group trends in properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well- characterized homologous behavior. The alkali metals have very similar properties: they are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure, and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge +1. They can all be cut easily with a knife due to their softness, exposing a shiny surface that tarnishes rapidly in air due to oxidation. Because of their high reactivity, they must be stored under oil to prevent reaction with air, and are found naturally only in salts and never as the free element.
    [Show full text]
  • Reactions of Lanthanides and Actinides in Molten Alkali Metal/Polychalcogenide Fluxes at Intermediate Temperatures (250-600 °C) Anthony C
    Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, 387-398 387 Reactions of Lanthanides and Actinides in Molten Alkali Metal/Polychalcogenide Fluxes at Intermediate Temperatures (250-600 °C) Anthony C. Sutorik and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis* Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Received August 26, 1996X From the reaction of the elemental lanthanides and actinides in molten alkali metal/ polychalcogenide salts, several new ternary compounds have been discovered. Specifically, these phases are K4USe8 (I) and ALnQ4 (II), where A ) K, Ln ) Ce or Tb, and Q ) Se or A ) Rb, Ln ) Ce, Q ) Te; and NaLnS3 (III), where Ln ) La, Ce. The K4USe8 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fdd2 (No. 43) with a ) 17.331(4) Å, b ) 20.584(3) Å, c ) 8.811(3) Å, Z ) 8. The KCeSe4 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nbm (No. 125) with a ) 6.376(2) Å, c ) 8.327(1) Å, Z ) 2. The KTbSe4 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nbm (No. 125) with a ) 6.255(2) Å, c ) 8.227(1) Å, Z ) 2. The RbCeTe4 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nbm (No. 125) with a ) 6.952(3) Å, c ) 9.084(4) Å, Z ) 2. The NaCeS3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (No. 59) with a ) 5.683(1) Å, b ) 4.238(2) Å, c ) 9.802(2) Å, Z ) 2. The NaLaS3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (No. 59) with a ) 5.752(4) Å, b ) 4.2796(6) Å, c ) 9.841(2) Å, Z ) 2.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) (11) 4,208,474 Jacobson Et Al
    United States Patent (19) (11) 4,208,474 Jacobson et al. 45) Jun. 17, 1980 (54 CELL CONTAINING ALKALI METAL ANODE, CATHODE AND ALKALI OTHER PUBLICATIONS METAL-METALCHALCOGENEDE Hellstrom et al, Phase Relations and Charge Transport COMPOUND SOLD ELECTROLYTE in Ternary Aluminum Sulfides, Extended Abstracts, vol. 78-1, Electrochemical Soc., pp. 393-395, May 75) Inventors: Allan J. Jacobson, Princeton; 1978. Bernard G. Sibernagel, Scotch Plains, both of N.J. Primary Examiner-Donald L. Walton Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kenneth P. Glynn 73) Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co., Florham Park, N.J. 57 ABSTRACT A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed which con (21) Appl. No.: 974,021 tains an alkali metal anode, an electrolyte and a chalco genide cathode wherein the electrolyte is a solid com 22 Filed: Dec. 28, 1978 position containing an electrolytically active amount of 5ll int. Cl’............................................. HOM 6/18 one or more compounds having the formula: 52 U.S. C. ..................................... 429/191; 429/218 58 Field of Search ................................ 429/19, 218 56) References Cited wherein A is an alkali metal, wherein B is an element U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS selected from the group consisting of boron and alumi 3,751,298 8/1973 Senderoff............................. 136/6 F num, wherein C is a chalcogen, wherein x and y are 3,791,867 2/1974 Broadhead et al. ................. 36/6 F each greater than zero and wherein x-3y=4. A pre 3,864,167 2/1975 Broadhead et al. ....... ... 136/6 LN 3,877,984 4/1975 Werth .................................. 136/6 F ferred compound is LiBS2. A preferred cell is one hav 3,925,098 12/1975 Saunders ......
    [Show full text]
  • Alkali Metal Actinide Complex Halides : Thermochemical and Structural Considerations J
    Alkali metal actinide complex halides : thermochemical and structural considerations J. Fuger To cite this version: J. Fuger. Alkali metal actinide complex halides : thermochemical and structural considerations. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1979, 40 (C4), pp.C4-207-C4-213. 10.1051/jphyscol:1979465. jpa- 00218861 HAL Id: jpa-00218861 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00218861 Submitted on 1 Jan 1979 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque C4, supplément au n° 4, Tome 40, avril 1979, page C4-207 Alkali metal actinide complex halides: thermochemical and structural considerations J. Fuger Institute of Radiochemistry, University of Liege, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium Résumé. — L'auteur passe en revue l'état actuel de nos connaissances dans le domaine de la thermodynamique des complexes halogènes d'actinides avec les ions alcalins, en portant une attention toute spéciale aux dérivés chlorés et bromes. Lorsque les données thermodynamiques et structurales sont accessibles, il tente de déduire l'évolution de l'énergie de la liaison actinide-halogène au sein d'une série de composés isomorphes ou analogues. Enfin, la variation énergétique au cours de la formation du complexe halogène à partir des halogénures binaires d'actinides et de métaux alcalins est prise pour base en vue de prévoir la stabilité de composés nouveaux, spécialement ceux pour lesquels l'halogénure binaire d'actinide n'a pas été préparé ou est de faible stabilité.
    [Show full text]