Aberystwyth University Students' Union Risk Assessment

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aberystwyth University Students' Union Risk Assessment Aberystwyth University Students’ Union Risk Assessment Date Form 03-10-2019 Activity: Assessor/s: Date: SCUBA Diving Stedman L. ReGester 03-10-2019 Personnel at Risk: Club Members. = Risk Hazard Consequence/Severity x Likelihood (H/M/L) H=6-9 Implementations Residual (cause harm) (H/M/L) H=3, M=2, L=1 H=3, M=2, L=1 M=3-4 to reduce risk Risk L=1-2 e.g. Capsizing Drowning = H(3) Low (1) M = 3 Provision of lifejackets, training M Heart attack High Low M3 -Medical self-declaration. M3 -CPR by buddy/instructor Slipping on pool Medium Low L2 -No running in pool area L1 surroundings -No walking around with fins on Ear damage Medium Medium M4 -Trainees receive specific instructions on how M3 to clear ears and how important it is -No diving with a cold Mask Squeeze Low Low L1 -Trainees taught mask equalisation L1 -Masks have to enclose both eyes and nose (no swim goggles allowed) Injury by falling Low Low L1 -Trainees taught to always lay down equipment L1 cylinders -Monitoring by others Rapid ascent (Pool) Medium Medium(trainees) M4 -Progressive training M3 Low (experienced (L2) -Correct weighting of divers (L2) divers) -Monitoring by buddy/instructor -Visual datum used for ascent exercises -Oxygen on site (if needed) Running out of air Low Medium(trainees) L2 -All SCUBA sets fitted with pressure gauge L2 (Pool) (L1) -Monitoring by buddy/instructor (L1) Low (experienced -Max depth of pool only 3 metres divers) Panic (Pool) Medium Low (trainees only) L2 -Monitoring by buddy/Instructor L2 -Monitoring by shore cover Drowning (Pool) High Low M3 -Monitoring by rescue divers L2 -Monitoring by shore cover -Monitoring by Sports centre life guard -Monitoring by Buddy/Instructor Running out of air High Low M3 -All SCUBA sets fitted with pressure gauge L2 (Open Water) -Self monitoring of air -Buddy/instructor/dive leader monitoring of air -All divers carry (and are trained to use) AAS (Alternative Air Source) Rapid ascent (Open High Medium H6 -Progressive training M3 Water) -Correct weighting of all divers -Monitoring by instructors/buddy/dive leader -Visual datum used for ascent when appropriate -Recommendation to use dive computer to check ascent rate -Dive knife to cut anything pulling you to the surface -Buddy check includes how to remove BCD (for the individual and their buddy) in the unlikely event of a BCD auto inflating. -Oxygen on site -Phone number for hypobaric chambers in divers phones Entanglement in High Low M3 -Divers to carry cutting tool (blunt ended dive L2 nets/fishing knife/scissors) lines/underwater -Avoidance of any potential dangers obstructions Diver Separation Medium Medium M4 -Divers to dive in a least buddy pairs M4 -All divers taught (and reminded of pre-dive) diver separation procedure -Experienced and inexperienced divers paired Trips/Slips and Low Medium L2 -Divers advised to take their fins off as soon as L2 Tumbles possible after exiting the water -No running (except in emergencies) -Dive Marshall to alert divers to any hazard Water Temperature Medium High H6 -All divers to wear appropriate protective M3 thermal clothing -If any diver is cold then a safe ascent should be made immediately (including decompression stops) Illness from water Medium Low L2 -Anyone with illness to seek medical advice L2 quality Contact with other Medium Medium M4 -Divers to dive in pairs and use an SMB where M3 water users appropriate -Dive Marshall to liaise with other water users -Divers to carry dSMB’s Loss of buoyancy at High Low M3 -All BCDs and Drysuits should be checked L2 surface prior to entering the water -Dive aborted if evidence of failing Diving equipment High Low M3 -Buddy checks will identify any problems with L1 malfunction kit prior to entering water -Divers carry an Octopus in case of failing of primary second stage -Regulators and cylinders serviced regularly -Progressive trainning Rough surface water High Low M3 -Weather forecasts to be consulted prior to M3 conditions dive -Tide tables to be consulted -Dive Marshall/Dive Manager can abort the dive Compressor related High Low M3 -Compressor serviced regularly (annually – L1 hazards copy of certificate given to AberSU and Sports centre) -Only authorised and trained people may use the compressor -All compressor use logged Hit by boat High Low M3 -Boat to be idle when divers are down M3 -Only experienced cox’uns can drive when divers are down. Heavy lifting Medium Low L2 -Divers told to lift heavy items L2 (weights/cylinders) properly Wreck Penetration High Medium H6 -Only experienced divers to penetrate wrecks M4 -Buddy lines to be used -Divers to reel off from entrances -Higher safety margins in regards to air Boat Capsizing High Low M3 -Only qualified boat cox’uns to control boat L1 -In rough weather boat won’t be taken out -Anyone on the boat to be wearing appropriate floatation devices (Drysuits, BCD’s, Life Jacket) Boat engine failure Low Low L1 -Radio to be checked twice before leaving port L1 making sure we can reach Holyhead Coastguard -Liaison with RNLI -Alternative propulsion method in boat -Liaise with the Sailing Club (see if they have their boat out) -Anyone on the boat needs adequate thermal protection for wait Boat leaving with High Low M3 -Dive log to be taken before and after dive L2 divers still down -Max of 8 divers on one trip Divers drifting away Medium Medium M4 -If risk of drifting divers to use SMB’s / deploy L2 from boat dSMB’s immediately. -If unable to find divers Coastguard and RNLI notified. -Al divers on boat divers briefed to stay near boat -All divers to carry equipment to gather attention (Strobes, SMB/dSMB, whistle) Boat Recovery High Low M3 -Rope to be visually inspected to prior to use L2 (Rope breaks) -No one to stand below or to the side of the boat during launching/recovery -Experienced people must be on site These are the British Sub-Aqua Club’s (BSAC) published safety guidelines found in the book attached to this “Safe Diving”. The BSAC diver code of conduct can be found in the back of this book. Liability Release: All divers are responsible for their own actions. They should be aware that even properly performed rescue management and diving can result in injury. All divers should use common-sense during a dive and avoid anything that might be dangerous. Divers must follow all instruction given to them by others and follow their tuition. It is up to the individual to tell some-one if something is wrong. If at any time anyone wants to end the dive all parties must abort the dive at once. The above Risk Assessment should be AGREED and signed by all parties below: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AU Head/Advisor of Health & Safety Dept AU Director of Facilities AberSU Activities Co-ordinator AberSU Activities Officer .
Recommended publications
  • Giant Stride
    OZDIVER October/ December 2018 AUSTRALIA’S PREMIER DIVE MAGAZINE IT IS THE JOURNEY AND NOT THE DESTINATION - WWW.OZDIVER.COM.AU THE DESTINATION NOT AND JOURNEY IT IS THE CHRISTMAS ISLAND THE SALEM EXPRESS TO DIVE OR NOT SHARKS REBREATHER CLEANING TECHNICAL STATIONS TRAINING NORTHERN SULAWESI MANADO TO LEMBEH O ctober / ctober / D ecember 2018 ecember FREE Digital Diving Magazine - www.ozdiver.com.au -They don’t care what they eat on the trip, as long as the diving is good. -They don’t care how far they have to travel in order to blow some bubbles. -They care for the environment. Editor-in-chief -They will dive, no matter how big the Johan Boshoff party was last night. [email protected] -They become grumpy if they haven’t Marketing Editor’s [email protected] dived for a couple of weeks. + 61 (00) 44 887 9903 Photographer Believe me, I meet interesting divers in Christopher Bartlett & David Caravias Deco Stop my line of work – divers who go and sit in a swimming pool once a week just to blow Contributing Editor Irene Groenewald Johan Boshoff bubbles, because the ocean is too far. Who Having met many interesting people on take better care of their diving equipment Proof Readers my dive travels, I’ve realised that divers Irene Groenewald than most other possessions they own. Charlene Nieuwoudt are a unique breed. It doesn’t matter what Diving is the only lifestyle they know and Izak Nieuwoudt language they speak or what culture they they live every day to dive.
    [Show full text]
  • Underground Mine Refuge Alternatives Heat Mitigation
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author J Therm Manuscript Author Sci Eng Appl. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 April 24. Published in final edited form as: J Therm Sci Eng Appl. 2020 April ; 12(2): . doi:10.1115/1.4044345. Underground Mine Refuge Alternatives Heat Mitigation Lincan Yan, David Yantek, Timothy Lutz, Jeffrey Yonkey, Justin Srednicki The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 Abstract In case of an emergency in an underground coal mine, miners who fail to escape from the mine can enter a refuge alternative (RA) for protection from adverse conditions, such as high carbon monoxide levels. One of the main concerns with the use of both portable and built-in-place (BIP) RAs, especially for hot or deep mines, is the interior temperature rise due to the occupants’ metabolic heat and the heat released by devices such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbing system. The humidity within the RA will also increase through occupants’ respiration and perspiration and from the chemical reaction within the CO2 scrubbing system. Heat and humidity buildup can subject the occupants to hazardous thermal conditions. To protect RA occupants, Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations mandate a maximum apparent temperature of 95 °F within an occupied RA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) tested both an air-conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and a cryogenic air supply for RAs in the NIOSH Experimental Mine in Bruceton, PA. The BAS was tested on a 60-person BIP RA, while the cryogenic air supply was tested on a 30-person BIP RA and a portable 23-person tent-type RA.
    [Show full text]
  • OWNER GUIDE OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator
    OWNER GUIDE OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator Intermediate pressure Ref: 140 psi. +/- 5psi (Yoke supply pressure: 3500 psi) (Din supply pressure: 4500 psi) Inhalation Resistance: 0.8 (Column inches of water) Flow rate: 30+sCFM (air supply: 3000 psi) Air flow…. 33 cu. ft. (935 liters/min). @ 1 atmosphere Recommended lubricant LTI Christo-Lube MCG129 COPYRIGHT NOTICE© This owner’s manual is copyrighted(©) OMS 2017. All Rights Reserved. It may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Ocean Management Systems (OMS). Regulator Owner’s Guide, -rev. 2017/04 Warning, Cautions and Notes Pay special attention to items marked with the warnings, cautions, and notes that are accompanied by these symbols: WARNING indicates a procedure or situation that, if not avoided, could result in serious injury or death to the user. CAUTION indicates any situation or technique that could cause damage to the product, and could subsequently result in injury to the user. NOTE is used to emphasize important points, tips, and reminders. PRECAUTIONS & WARNING Before using this regulator, you must have successfully received training and certification in the technique of SCUBA diving from a recognized certification agency. Use of SCUBA equipment by uncertified, or untrained persons, is dangerous and can result in serious injury, or death. It must not be used by untrained persons who may not have knowledge of the potential risk and hazards of scuba diving. This regulator is not configured for commercial use with surface supplied air. This regulator must be used together with a Submersible Pressure Gauge that measures and indicates the user’s air supply pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Wreck Diver Specialty Course Instructor Guide
    Instructor Wreck Diver Guide Wreck Diver Specialty Course Instructor Guide Product No. 70232 (Rev. 4/07) Version 2.0 Instructor Guide Wreck Diver PADI Wreck Diver Specialty Course Instructor Guide © PADI 2007 Portions of the Appendix of this guide may be reproduced by PADI Members for use in PADI-sanctioned training, but not for resale or personal gain. No other reproduction is allowed without the express written permission of PADI. Published and distributed by PADI 30151 Tomas Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688-2125 USA Printed in U.S.A. Product No. 70232 (04/07) Version 2.0 2 Specialty Course Instructor Guide Instructor Wreck Diver Guide Table of Contents Introduction How to Use this Guide .......................................................................................5 Course Philosophy and Goals .............................................................................5 Course Flow Options .........................................................................................6 Program Options ................................................................................................7 Section One: Course Standards Standards at a Glance .........................................................................................8 Instructor Prerequisites .......................................................................................9 Student Diver Prerequisites ...............................................................................9 Supervision and Ratios .......................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Covid19 and Diver Training
    COVID19 AND DIVER TRAINING JUNE 2020 EDITION COVID 19 AND DIVER TRAINING Professional Scuba Schools English - June 2020 Edition Photograpy: Stefano D’Urso, B. Iacono, Pixabay, iStock photo, Dive Italia S.r.l./PSS Worldwide Archives. © 2020 Dive Italia S.r.l./PSS Worldwide All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission from Dive Italia S.r.l./PSS Worldwide, owners of all copyrights. COVID19 AND DIVER TRAINING June 2020 Edition English INDEX 1.0 - INTRODUCTION . 3 2.0 - PLANNING . 4 3.0 - OUT-OF-WATER INSTRUCTION, BRIEFING AND DEBRIEFING . 4 4.0 - EQUIPMENT PREPARATION . 4 5.0 - DONNING THE EQUIPMENT . 6 6.0 - PHASES “EXPLANATION” AND “CONCLUSION” OF IN-WATER LESSON, INDICATIONS OR CORRECTION AT SURFACE, DEBRIEFING IN SHALLOW WATER. p. 6 7.0 - GENERAL SKILLS . p. 7 8.0 - RECREATIONAL COURSES – BASIC SKILLS . p. 8 8.1 - SINGLE CYLINDER WITH PONY BOTTLE . p. 8 8.1.1 - Configuration . p. 8 8.1.2 - Changes in skills . p. 10 8.2 - TWO SEPARATE IDENTICAL CYLINDERS . p. 10 8.2.1 - Configuration . p. 10 8.2.2 - Changes in skills . p. 11 8.3 - SINGLE CYLINDER . p. 12 8.3.1 - Configuration . p. 12 8.3.2 - Changes in skills . p. 12 9.0 - RECREATIONAL COURSES – RESCUE SKILLS . p. 13 9.1 - Changes in skills . p. 13 10.0 - EMERGENCY COURSES . p. 16 10.1 - Changes in skills . p. 16 11.0 - TECHNICAL COURSES . p. 17 11.1 - Changes in skills . p. 17 COVID19 AND DIVERS TRAINING - June 2020 Edition INTRODUCTION At PSS Headquarters we understand that Authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Mise En Page 1
    Regulator OwnerÊs Manual Regulator OwnerÊs Manual Copyright This owner’s manual is protected by the law of 11 March 1957 concerning literary and artistic property. It may not, in whole or part, be copied, photoco- pied, reproduced, without prior consent in writing from Aqua Lung. © 2006 Aqua Lung International, Inc. Regulator Owner’s Manual, P/N 127861 rev. 10/07 Danger, warnings and Notes A certain number of icons have been used in order to make this User Manual easier to understand. They have the following meanings : DANGER indicates situations of risk or danger that could cause serious acci- dents or death if these indications are not followed correctly. WARNING indicates features or special situations in diving and aims to avoid risk situations. A NOTE is used to indicate information that will allow you to enjoy the best use of your regulator. 2 Summary (to reach directly a chapter, click on the title) 1 GENERAL PRECAUTION & WARNINGS 1.2 ENRICHED AIR NITROX USE 1.2.1 Enriched Air Nitrox Use – Outside EEC Countries 1.2.2 Nitrox use for CEE (European Community) countries – EN-144-3 and EN 13949 2. Introduction 2.1 CE Conformity 2.2 Features 2.3 VANE ADJUSTMENT SWITCH (VAS) 2.4 Valve Adjustment Knob (VAK) 2.4.1 LEGEND LX Regulator 2.4.2 Kronos Second Stage Adjustment: “Dual Cam”. 2.4.3 MIKRON Regulator 2.5 First Stage Environmental Protection series Titan, Kronos, Legend “supreme” 2.6 Registered patents 3. PREPARATION AND SET UP 3.1 Mounting the First Stage Onto the Cylinder Valve 3.1.1 Yoke Connector 3.1.2 DIN Connector or Pr EN 144-3 connector 3.2 Pre-Dive Checks 3.3 Pressurising the regulator 3.4 Divisible mouthpiece 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Spums J 29/3
    Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) 122 SPUMS Journal Volume 29 No.3 September 1999 ORIGINAL PAPERS EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION IN Incident reporting is a method of identifying, 1,000 DIVING INCIDENTS classifying and analysing human error in the context of contributing and associated factors.6-8 This method is now Chris Acott established in aviation,9,10 the nuclear power industry and medicine, particularly in anaesthesia.11,12 It is not a new concept, having been first used in the 1940s to improve Abstract military air safety, although the idea had its foundations much earlier, in 19th century Britain.13 Practitioners of Among the first 1,000 incidents reported to the incident monitoring do not attempt to measure the absolute Diving Incident Monitoring Study, 105 (10%) were occurrence of any error, to solicit any specific type of error consistent with defined criteria for “pure” equipment or to match one type of error to morbidity/mortality. failure. Of these incidents 57 (54%) involved a regulator or Incident monitoring focuses on the process of error, air supply, 24 (23%) involved a buoyancy jacket power regardless of outcome, and has no interest in culpability or inflator, 14 (13%) involved a depth or timing device and 11 criticism. Monitoring of incidents cannot identify the (10%) involved some other diving equipment. Over a absolute incidence of error, but will show the relative quarter of these incidents resulted in harm to the diver. A incidence of errors or identify “clusters” of errors.1-3,8,11,12 meticulous pre-dive check, the use of back-up equipment, The safety implications of the application of incident additions and alterations to equipment design and monitoring to recreational diving are obviously the adherence to strict standard diving safety practice will identification of the most common and dangerous errors and minimise the effects of all these equipment failures.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Outline for a Scuba Diving Speciality “Underwater Survey Diver”
    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-5/W5, 2015 Underwater 3D Recording and Modeling, 16–17 April 2015, Piano di Sorrento, Italy COURSE OUTLINE FOR A SCUBA DIVING SPECIALITY “UNDERWATER SURVEY DIVER” K. Papadimitriou School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 54124 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece - [email protected] Commission V KEY WORDS: Underwater Safety, Open Water Considerations, Educational Standards, Learning Objectives, Course Outline, Scuba Speciality ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to outline a course for the training of divers with a special interest in underwater surveying (e.g. surveyors, archaeologists, biologists, geologists, photographers/videographers). This outline presents: i) the Courses' Standards ii) the Learning Objectives for the related Knowledge Development, iii) the Skills that have to be conducted, iv) the Performance Requirements for the students and v) the Open Water Considerations for the Training Dives. It is expected that the resulting course outline will be used as a reference for the training of certified divers who want to become underwater surveyors, providing them basic knowledge and skills to survey adequate data for the detailed documentation of submerged features. Moreover the combination of knowledge (what) and the skills (how) that are presented during the proposed course attempt to define a protocol for the recording of underwater features in favor of mapping and 3D modeling. 1. INTRODUCTION diving, mostly known as diving specialities. Standards for the training of divers apply in order to maintain an overall quality As the scuba diving community is growing, more people are of a scuba course and lead to a worthwhile certification getting in contact with natural or cultural features of the marine occasionally acknowledged by international educational and environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Navies and Soft Power Historical Case Studies of Naval Power and the Nonuse of Military Force NEWPORT PAPERS
    NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT PAPERS 42 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE WAR NAVAL Navies and Soft Power Historical Case Studies of Naval Power and the Nonuse of Military Force NEWPORT PAPERS NEWPORT 42 Bruce A. Elleman and S. C. M. Paine, Editors U.S. GOVERNMENT Cover OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE The April 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil-rig fire—fighting the blaze and searching for survivors. U.S. Coast Guard photograph, available at “USGS Multimedia Gallery,” USGS: Science for a Changing World, gallery.usgs.gov/. Use of ISBN Prefix This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its au thenticity. ISBN 978-1-935352-33-4 (e-book ISBN 978-1-935352-34-1) is for this U.S. Government Printing Office Official Edition only. The Superinten- dent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Legal Status and Use of Seals and Logos The logo of the U.S. Naval War College (NWC), Newport, Rhode Island, authenticates Navies and Soft Power: Historical Case Studies of Naval Power and the Nonuse of Military Force, edited by Bruce A. Elleman and S. C. M. Paine, as an official publica tion of the College. It is prohibited to use NWC’s logo on any republication of this book without the express, written permission of the Editor, Naval War College Press, or the editor’s designee. For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-00001 ISBN 978-1-935352-33-4; e-book ISBN 978-1-935352-34-1 Navies and Soft Power Historical Case Studies of Naval Power and the Nonuse of Military Force Bruce A.
    [Show full text]
  • Version 2 – 1St May 2012
    Version 2 – 1st May 2012 1 NOTES 2 CONTENTS CADD Member’s List (insert current list) 4 CADD Dive Manager’s Checklist 5 BSAC Dive Planning & Management 6 BSAC Dive Definitions & Responsibilities 11 CADD Deep Diving Guidelines 12 BSAC Expedition Leader Guidelines 13 BSAC Instructor Requirements 27 BSAC Level of Supervision Chart 29 BSAC Diver’s Code of Conduct 30 BSAC Diving in the English Lake District 33 BSAC ppO2 Look-Up Chart 35 Equivalent Air Depth Table 36 Diving With a Rebreather 37 CADD Generic Dive Specific Risk Assessment 39 CADD Log Sheet 40 CADD Generic Risk Assessment 41 BSAC Emergency Action Checklist 43 CADD Dive Site Accident & Emergency Locations 44 DDRC Accident Management Flowchart 45 BSAC Casualty Assessment 46 BSAC Incident Procedure 47 BSAC Helicopter Evacuation Notes 48 BSAC Incident Report Form 49 3 INSERT CURRENT MEMBERSHIP LIST 4 CADD Dive Manager’s Checklist Some items will not be applicable to some dives and this list should be sensibly adapted to suit the situation. Pre-dive Planning Discuss proposed dive with DO Obtain as much dive site information as possible, i.e. wreck tours, guide books etc Make preliminary enquiries for boat, gas & accommodation as necessary Contact all club members, make qualification and experience pre-requisites clear Ensure sufficient instructors are available and willing to participate in any training Ensure dive site is safe & suitable for all divers accepted to attend Collect deposits from interested members Book boat & accommodation Open trip to non-club members if empty
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 September;48(3):132−140
    Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine The Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society and the European Underwater and Baromedical Society Volume 48 No. 3 September 2018 Subclavian Doppler bubble monitoring Australian snorkelling and diving fatalities 2012 Inner ear barotrauma – a tool for diagnosis Which tooth restoration for divers? HBOT for large bowel anastomosis problems ISSN 2209-1491 (online); ISSN 1833-3516 (print) ABN 29 299 823 713 CONTENTS Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Volume 48 No.3 September 2018 Editorials 198 Baltic Symposium on Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 2018 129 The Editor’s offering Fiona Sharp 130 Decompression sickness, fatness and active hydrophobic spots Pieter Jan AM van Ooij Book review 199 Gas bubble dynamics in the human body Original articles John Fitz-Clarke 132 Reliability of venous gas embolism detection in the subclavian area for decompression stress assessment following scuba diving Julien Hugon, Asya Metelkina, Axel Barbaud, Ron Nishi, Fethi Bouak, SPUMS notices and news Jean-Eric Blatteau, Emmanuel Gempp 141 Provisional report on diving-related fatalities in Australian 201 ANZ Hyperbaric Medicine Group waters in 2011 Introductory Course in Diving John Lippmann, Chris Lawrence, Andrew Fock, Scott Jamieson and Hyperbaric Medicine 2019 168 Impact of various pressures on fracture resistance and 201 Australian and New Zealand microleakage of amalgam and composite restorations College of Anaesthetists Diving Elnaz Shafigh, Reza Fekrazad, Amir Reza Beglou and Hyperbaric Medicine Special 173 Meta-analysis
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Medicine, Part Three: Long-Term Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Mercury Exposure Walter J
    Environmental Medicine, Part Three: Long-Term Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Mercury Exposure Walter J. Crinnion, ND Abstract Mercury is ubiquitous in the environment, and in our mouths in the form of “silver” amalgams. Once introduced to the body through food or vapor, mercury is rapidly absorbed and accumulates in several tissues, leading to increased oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. Mercury primarily affects neurological tissue, resulting in numerous neurological symptoms, and also affects the kidneys and the immune system. It causes increased production of free radicals and decreases the availability of antioxidants. It also has devastating effects on the glutathione content of the body, giving rise to the possibility of increased retention of other environmental toxins. Fortunately, effective tests are available to help distinguish those individuals who are excessively burdened with mercury, and to monitor them during treatment. Therapies for assisting the reduction of a mercury load include the use of 2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS). Additional supplementation to assist in the removal of mercury and to reduce its adverse effects is discussed. (Altern Med Rev 2000;5(3):209-223) Methylmercury Sources Mercury is ubiquitous in the environment due to constant off-gassing of mercury from the earth’s crust. This mercury enters waterways, where it is methylated by algae and bacteria. Methylmercury makes its way through the food chain into fish and shellfish, and ultimately into humans. Additional mercury, released from industrial sources into the atmosphere, also is con- verted in waterways into methylmercury. Because of mercury contamination, 40 states now have warnings on some of their waterways.
    [Show full text]