DOCSLIB.ORG

Screening and Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced by Pseudoxanthomonas Sp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Screening and Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced by Pseudoxanthomonas Sp Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-0619-8 ORIGINAL PAPER - PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Screening and characterization of biosurfactant produced by Pseudoxanthomonas sp. G3 and its applicability for enhanced oil recovery Dea Indriani Astuti1 · Isty Adhitya Purwasena1 · Ratna Eka Putri1 · Maghfirotul Amaniyah1 · Yuichi Sugai2 Received: 8 September 2018 / Accepted: 7 February 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Biosurfactants are one of the microbial bioproducts that are in most demand from microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). We isolated and screened potential biosurfactant-producing bacteria, followed by biosurfactant production and characteriza- tion, and a simulation of the MEOR application to biosurfactants in a sand-packed column. Isolate screening was conducted based on qualitative (hemolytic blood assay and oil-spreading test) and semi-qualitative (emulsification assay and interfacial tension measurement) parameters. Bacterial identification was performed using 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Sequential isolation yielded 32 bacterial isolates, where Pseudomonas sp. G3 was able to produce the most biosurfactant. Pseudomonas sp. G3 had the highest emulsification activity (Ei = 72.90%) in light crude oil and could reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water from 12.6 to 9.7 dyne/cm with an effective critical-micelle concentration of 0.73 g/L. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that the biosurfactant produced was a glycolipid compound. A stable emulsion of crude extract and biosurfactant formed at pH 2–12, up to 100 °C, and with a NaCl concentration of up to 10% (w/v) in the response-surface method, based on the Box–Behnken design model. The sand-packed column experiment with biosurfactant resulted in 20% additional oil recovery. Therefore, this bacterium and its biosurfactant show potential and the bacterium is suitable for use in MEOR applications. Keywords Enhanced oil recovery · Biosurfactant · Sand-packed column · Pseudoxanthomonas Introduction reservoirs. This method is considerably more economic and environmentally friendly than other EOR methods. Energy The demand for energy resources continues to increase with that is used in microbial processes to enhance oil recovery time. Developments in renewable energy are expected to does not depend on the price of crude oil. Microbes can provide sustainable energy and environmentally friendly growth independently under many conditions and produce industries. However, many projects that are related to renew- large amounts of useful products rapidly from cheap, renew- able energy face challenges, including technical, social, and able materials that are available in large quantities. As a bio- economic challenges. Existing energy resources should logical agent, microbial bioproducts are often biodegradable, optimize production, while avoiding critical environmen- which results in lower levels of pollution and a low toxicity tal risks. Microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is an (Youssef et al. 2009; Khire 2010). MEOR uses microbial alternative approach to optimize oil production from existing activities and various bioproducts to help release residual oil that is trapped inside the rock pores and to stimulate oil flow to the production wells (Safdel et al.2017 ). * Isty Adhitya Purwasena Microorganisms produce biosurfactants, and the latter [email protected] are important in the MEOR mechanism. Biosurfactants act as surface-active molecules that reduce the interfacial ten- 1 School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia sion (IFT) between different fluid components, and enhance pseudosolubilization of oil in water by creating smaller oil 2 Earth Resources Engineering Department, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, droplets (Khire 2010). Injection of partially purified biosur- Japan factants has increased the amount of recovered oil to 40% Vol.:(0123456789)1 3 Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology (Mcinerney et al. 2003). Compared with chemically syn- Table 2 Physicochemical characteristics of the formation brine thesized surfactants, biosurfactants are biodegradable, non- Parameter Unit Value toxic, characteristically diverse, and stable under extreme conditions. Biosurfactant production can be significantly Salinity % 7.9 more affordable, as it may be produced using biomass waste Conductivity μS/cm 14,990 (Gautam and Tyagi 2008; Jing et al. 2011; Dhasayan et al. Water hardness mg/L CaCO3 253 2+ 2014). Ca mg/L 21.5 − Limited studies exist on the in situ production of bio- HCO3 mg/L 2083 2− surfactants for MEOR implementation and biosurfactant CO3 mg/L 0 − stability under various physiological conditions. This study Cl mg/L 237 − aimed to isolate, screen, and identify potential biosurfactant- NO3 mg/L 0.09 − producing bacteria from oil reservoir samples. We character- NO2 mg/L 0.034 + ized the biosurfactant stability under several physiological NH4 mg/-NH3-N 0.056 2− conditions using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spec- SO4 mg/L 3.65 3− troscopy and response-surface methodology. MEOR simula- PO4 mg/L 0.044 tions were performed on a sand-packed column to determine Total P mg/L 0.071 the biosurfactant’s applicability to recover residual crude oil. Organic component mg/L 166 S2− mg/L < 0.01 Ni mg/L 0.142 Materials and methods Material 7 days. A plate count was conducted every 48 h using the pour method on Nutrient Agar Difco™. Residual oil from Samples were from a petroleum reservoir in South Sumatra. the first stage was used as a substrate in the second stage of Sample that contained crude oil (heavy oil) and formation sequential isolation using the same procedure. Purification water (brine) were extracted from its wellhead. All the sam- of potential biosurfactant-producing bacteria was conducted ples were kept in a cold box during transportation and they with a four-way streak method on NA medium. The purified were kept at 4 °C in the laboratory until they were analyzed. cultures were used for further screening and analysis. Light crude oil was utilized in these experiments. The char- acteristics of the crude oil and formation brine are listed in Screening of potential biosurfactant‑producing Tables 1 and 2. bacteria Isolation of biosurfactant‑producing bacteria Screening was performed based on two qualitative (hemo- lytic blood assay and oil-spreading test) and two semi- Isolation was carried out in two sequential stages (Halim qualitative (emulsification index and IFT measurement) et al. 2008) to obtain bacteria with varying oil-degrading methods. Preliminary screening used the hemolytic blood potential. Sample was added into Stone Mineral Salt Solu- assay method according to Youssef et al. (2004). Further tion (SMSS) medium with 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract and confirmation of isolate biosurfactant production was done incubated at 50 °C and 70 °C with 120 rpm agitation for using the oil-spreading test, based on a study by Satpute Table 1 Characteristics of crude oil Properties Heavy oil Light oil Value Gravity (API) 19 22–28 Viscosity at 25 °C (cP) 10.11 58.9 Experiment Unit Standard Results Saturates content Mass percent SARA 43 41.5 Aromatic content Mass percent SARA 5 9 Asphaltene Mass percent SARA 30 13 Resin content Mass percent SARA 22 36.5 1 3 Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology et al. (2010). The emulsification activity of the produced Biosurfactant‑stability test biosurfactant to emulsify crude oil and water was investi- gated from the emulsification index (Ei/E24) (Satpute et al. The Box–Behnken design model was used to study the 2010). IFT measurements were performed using a Surface interactive effects of the biosurfactant emulsification stabil- Tensiomat Model 21 (Fisher Scientific™, USA) with a 6-cm ity at different pH conditions, temperatures, and salinities. ring diameter to investigate the ability of the biosurfactant- The temperature ranged from 40 to 120 °C, the pH from 2 producing bacteria to decrease the IFT between the oil and to 12, and the salinity from 2 to 10% (w/v) NaCl. The pH the water. was adjusted using 1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl. The stability of a formed emulsion was determined by measuring the Ei as a generated response after 24 h of incubation. All the Critical‑micelle‑concentration determination experiments were performed in triplicate. A regression equa- tion was derived from the response analysis, including the The critical-micelle concentration (CMC) was obtained by determinant coefficients (F andR 2), which were evaluated measuring the IFT and the biosurfactant concentration (g/L) to generate contour plots. These plots were used to deter- at a certain time. The effective CMC was determined when mine the interaction between different factors and to predict an increase in the biosurfactant concentration did not result the emulsification stability at certain points (Dhasayan et al. in a significant decrease in IFT (Satpute et al.2010 ). 2014). All the statistical analyses were carried out using Minitab™ 17 Software. Identification of potential biosurfactant‑producing Sand‑packed column assay bacteria Biosurfactant application for enhanced oil recovery was The selected biosurfactant-producing bacteria was identi- evaluated using a modified sand-packed column described fied using a 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and was desig- by Suthar et al. (2008). Glass columns packed with sand (50 nated MEOR_G3. DNA sequencing was performed using
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Lysobacter Enzymogenes
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences Biological Sciences, School of 8-2010 Detection Methods for the Genus Lysobacter and the Species Lysobacter enzymogenes Hu Yin University of Nebraska at Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss Part of the Life Sciences Commons Yin, Hu, "Detection Methods for the Genus Lysobacter and the Species Lysobacter enzymogenes" (2010). Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences. 15. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Detection Methods for the Genus Lysobacter and the Species Lysobacter enzymogenes By Hu Yin A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Biological Sciences Under the Supervision of Professor Gary Y. Yuen Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2010 Detection Methods for the Genus Lysobacter and the Species Lysobacter enzymogenes Hu Yin, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2010 Advisor: Gary Y. Yuen Strains of Lysobacter enzymogenes, a bacterial species with biocontrol activity, have been detected via 16S rDNA sequences in soil in different parts of the world. In most instances, however, their occurrence could not be confirmed by isolation, presumably because the species occurred in low numbers relative to faster-growing species of Bacillus or Pseudomonas.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment
    antibiotics Article Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment Alicia Sorgen 1, James Johnson 2, Kevin Lambirth 2, Sandra M. Clinton 3 , Molly Redmond 1 , Anthony Fodor 2 and Cynthia Gibas 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.R.) 2 Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (A.F.) 3 Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-704-687-8378 Abstract: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environmental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and transfer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify Citation: Sorgen, A.; Johnson, J.; phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and characterized the Lambirth, K.; Clinton,
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Characterization of bacterial communities associated with blood‑fed and starved tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera): a high throughput metabarcoding analysis Li Lim & Abdul Hafz Ab Majid* With the development of new metagenomic techniques, the microbial community structure of common bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, is well‑studied, while information regarding the constituents of the bacterial communities associated with tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus, is lacking. In this study, the bacteria communities in the blood‑fed and starved tropical bed bugs were analysed and characterized by amplifying the v3‑v4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene region, followed by MiSeq Illumina sequencing. Across all samples, Proteobacteria made up more than 99% of the microbial community. An alpha‑proteobacterium Wolbachia and gamma‑proteobacterium, including Dickeya chrysanthemi and Pseudomonas, were the dominant OTUs at the genus level. Although the dominant OTUs of bacterial communities of blood‑fed and starved bed bugs were the same, bacterial genera present in lower numbers were varied. The bacteria load in starved bed bugs was also higher than blood‑fed bed bugs. Cimex hemipterus Fabricus (Hemiptera), also known as tropical bed bugs, is an obligate blood-feeding insect throughout their entire developmental cycle, has made a recent resurgence probably due to increased worldwide travel, climate change, and resistance to insecticides1–3. Distribution of tropical bed bugs is inclined to tropical regions, and infestation usually occurs in human dwellings such as dormitories and hotels 1,2. Bed bugs are a nuisance pest to humans as people that are bitten by this insect may experience allergic reactions, iron defciency, and secondary bacterial infection from bite sores4,5.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Topical Antimicrobial Treatments on Skin Bacterial Communities
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Impact Of Topical Antimicrobial Treatments On Skin Bacterial Communities Adam Sanmiguel University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, and the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Sanmiguel, Adam, "Impact Of Topical Antimicrobial Treatments On Skin Bacterial Communities" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2567. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2567 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2567 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Impact Of Topical Antimicrobial Treatments On Skin Bacterial Communities Abstract Skin is our primary interface to the outside world, representing a diverse habitat with a multitude of folds, invaginations, and appendages. While each of these structures is essential to host cutaneous function, they also serve as unique ecological niches that can support an array of microbial inhabitants. Together, these microorganisms constitute the skin microbiome, an assemblage of bacteria, fungi, and viruses with the potential to influence cutaneous biology. While a number of studies have described the importance of these residents to immune function and development, none to date have assessed their dynamics in response to antimicrobial stress, nor the impact of these perturbations on host cutaneous defense. Rather the majority of work in this regard has focused on a subset of microorganisms studied in isolation. Herein, we present the impact of topical antibiotics and antiseptics on skin bacterial communities, and describe their potential to shape cutaneous interactions. Using mice as a model system, we show that antibiotics can elicit a distinct shift in skin inhabitants characterized by decreases in diversity and domination by previously minor contributors.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence Patterns of Bacterial Community Through Soil Profile In
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ecological diversity and co- occurrence patterns of bacterial community through soil profile in Received: 6 January 2017 Accepted: 4 May 2017 response to long-term switchgrass Published: xx xx xxxx cultivation Shubin He1, Lixiang Guo1, Mengying Niu1, Fuhong Miao2, Shuo Jiao3, Tianming Hu1 & Mingxiu Long1 Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a cellulosic biofuel feedstock and their effects on bacterial communities in deep soils remain poorly understood. To reveal the responses of bacterial communities to long-term switchgrass cultivation through the soil profile, we examined the shift of soil microbial communities with depth profiles of 0–60 cm in five-year switchgrass cultivation and fallow plots. The Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that switchgrass cultivation significantly increased microbial OTU richness, rather than microbial Shannon diversity; however, there was no significant difference in the structure of microbial communities between switchgrass cultivation and fallow soils. Both switchgrass cultivation and fallow soils exhibited significant negative vertical spatial decay of microbial similarity, indicating that more vertical depth distant soils had more dissimilar communities. Specifically, switchgrass cultivation soils showed more beta-diversity variations across soil depth profile. Through network analysis, more connections and closer relationships of microbial taxa were observed in soils under switchgrass cultivation, suggesting that microbial co-occurrence patterns were substantially influenced by switchgrass cultivation. Overall, our study suggested that five-year switchgrass cultivation could generated more beta-diversity variations across soil depth and more complex inter-relationships of microbial taxa, although did not significantly shape the structure of soil microbial community. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial C-4 grass with high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production potential1.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Analysis of Seven Effector Protein Families with Different Adaptive and Evolutionary Histories in Plant-Associated Members of the Xanthomonadaceae
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Identification and analysis of seven effector protein families with different adaptive and evolutionary histories in plant-associated members of the Xanthomonadaceae. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t8016h3 Journal Scientific reports, 7(1) ISSN 2045-2322 Authors Assis, Renata de AB Polloni, Lorraine Cristina Patané, José SL et al. Publication Date 2017-11-23 DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-16325-1 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Identifcation and analysis of seven efector protein families with diferent adaptive and Received: 8 August 2017 Accepted: 9 November 2017 evolutionary histories in plant- Published: xx xx xxxx associated members of the Xanthomonadaceae Renata de A. B. Assis 1, Lorraine Cristina Polloni2, José S. L. Patané3, Shalabh Thakur4, Érica B. Felestrino1, Julio Diaz-Caballero4, Luciano Antonio Digiampietri 5, Luiz Ricardo Goulart2, Nalvo F. Almeida 6, Rafael Nascimento2, Abhaya M. Dandekar7, Paulo A. Zaini2,7, João C. Setubal3, David S. Guttman 4,8 & Leandro Marcio Moreira1,9 The Xanthomonadaceae family consists of species of non-pathogenic and pathogenic γ-proteobacteria that infect diferent hosts, including humans and plants. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis using 69 fully sequenced genomes belonging to this family, with a focus on identifying proteins enriched in phytopathogens that could explain the lifestyle and the ability to infect plants. Using a computational approach, we identifed seven phytopathogen-enriched protein families putatively secreted by type II secretory system: PheA (CM-sec), LipA/LesA, VirK, and four families involved in N-glycan degradation, NixE, NixF, NixL, and FucA1.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical Transmission Explains the Specific Burkholderia Pattern In
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 18 December 2013 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00394 Vertical transmission explains the specific Burkholderia pattern in Sphagnum mosses at multi-geographic scale Anastasia Bragina 1, Massimiliano Cardinale 1,2, Christian Berg 2 and Gabriele Berg 1* 1 Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria 2 Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria Edited by: The betaproteobacterial genus Burkholderia is known for its versatile interactions with Michael Schloter, Helmholtz its hosts that can range from beneficial to pathogenic. A plant-beneficial-environmental Zentrum München, Germany (PBE) Burkholderia cluster was recently separated from the pathogen cluster, yet still Reviewed by: little is known about burkholderial diversity, distribution, colonization, and transmission David J. Studholme, University of Exeter, UK patterns on plants. In our study, we applied a combination of high-throughput molecular Michael Schmid, Helmholtz Zentrum and microscopic methods to examine the aforementioned factors for Burkholderia München, Germany communities associated with Sphagnum mosses – model plants for long-term *Correspondence: associations – in Austrian and Russian bogs. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons Gabriele Berg, Institute of libraries revealed that most of the Burkholderia are part of the PBE group, but Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, a minor fraction was closely related to B. glathei and B. andropogonis from the Petersgasse 10-12/I, Graz, 8010, pathogen cluster. Notably, Burkholderia showed highly similar composition patterns for Austria each moss species independent of the geographic region, and Burkholderia-specific e-mail: [email protected] fluorescent in situ hybridization of Sphagnum gametophytes exhibited similar colonization patterns in different Sphagnum species at multi-geographic scales.
    [Show full text]
  • ISPM 27 Diagnostic Protocols for Regulated Pests DP 25: Xylella
    This diagnostic protocol was adopted by the Standards Committee on behalf of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in August 2018. The annex is a prescriptive part of ISPM 27. ISPM 27 Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests DP 25: Xylella fastidiosa Adopted 2018; published 2018 CONTENTS 1. Pest Information ...............................................................................................................................3 2. Taxonomic Information ....................................................................................................................3 3. Detection ...........................................................................................................................................4 3.1 Symptoms ..........................................................................................................................4 3.1.1 Pierce’s disease of grapevines ...........................................................................................4 3.1.2 Citrus variegated chlorosis ................................................................................................5 3.1.3 Coffee leaf scorch .............................................................................................................5 3.1.4 Olive leaf scorching and quick decline .............................................................................5 3.1.5 Almond leaf scorch disease ...............................................................................................6 3.1.6 Bacterial leaf scorch of shade
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic Characterization and Transformation Attempts Reveal Peculiar Traits of Xylella Fastidiosa Subspecies Pauca Strain De Donno
    microorganisms Article Phenotypic Characterization and Transformation Attempts Reveal Peculiar Traits of Xylella fastidiosa Subspecies pauca Strain De Donno Giusy D’Attoma 1 , Massimiliano Morelli 1 , Leonardo De La Fuente 2 , Paul A. Cobine 3, Maria Saponari 1, Alessandra Alves de Souza 4 , Angelo De Stradis 1 and Pasquale Saldarelli 1,* 1 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (A.D.S.) 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; [email protected] 4 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreir Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis 13490-970, SP, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-080-544-3065 Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strain De Donno has been recently identified as the causal agent of a severe disease affecting olive trees in a wide area of the Apulia Region (Italy). While insights on the genetics and epidemiology of this virulent strain have been gained, its phenotypic and biological traits remained to be explored. We investigated in vitro behavior of the strain and compare its relevant biological features (growth rate, biofilm formation, cell–cell aggregation, and twitching motility) with those of the type strain Temecula1. The experiments clearly showed that the strain De Donno did not show fringe on the agar plates, produced larger amounts of biofilm and had a more aggregative behavior than the strain Temecula1.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremophiles, a Nifty Tool to Face Environmental Pollution: from Exploitation of Metabolism to Genome Engineering
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Extremophiles, a Nifty Tool to Face Environmental Pollution: From Exploitation of Metabolism to Genome Engineering Giovanni Gallo 1,2 , Rosanna Puopolo 1 , Miriam Carbonaro 1, Emanuela Maresca 1 and Gabriella Fiorentino 1,2,* 1 Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] (G.G.); [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (E.M.) 2 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy * Correspondence: fi[email protected] Abstract: Extremophiles are microorganisms that populate habitats considered inhospitable from an anthropocentric point of view and are able to tolerate harsh conditions such as high temperatures, extreme pHs, high concentrations of salts, toxic organic substances, and/or heavy metals. These microorganisms have been broadly studied in the last 30 years and represent precious sources of biomolecules and bioprocesses for many biotechnological applications; in this context, scientific efforts have been focused on the employment of extremophilic microbes and their metabolic pathways to develop biomonitoring and bioremediation strategies to face environmental pollution, as well as to improve biorefineries for the conversion of biomasses into various chemical compounds. This review gives an overview on the peculiar metabolic features of certain
    [Show full text]
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems in the Plant Pathogen Xanthomonas Spp. and Their Impact on Genome Plasticity Paula Maria Moreira Martins ; An
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/731166; this version posted August 9, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 CRISPR-Cas systems in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas spp. and their impact on 2 genome plasticity 3 Paula Maria Moreira Martins a*; Andre da Silva Xavier c*; Marco Aurelio Takita a 4 Poliane Alfemas-Zerbini b; Alessandra Alves de Souza a#. 5 *These authors contributed equally to this work 6 aCitrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico 7 de Campinas, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil 8 bDepartament of Microbiology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária 9 (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil 10 cDepartament of Agronomy/NUDEMAFI, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 11 Brazil. 12 13 Key words: Phage, plasmids, Xanthomonadaceae, Xylella. 14 Running title: CRISPR-Cas systems in Xanthomonas spp. 15 Abstract 16 Xanthomonas is one of the most important bacterial genera of plant pathogens 17 causing economic losses in crop production worldwide. Despite its importance, many 18 aspects of basic Xanthomonas biology remain unknown or understudied. Here, we 19 present the first genus-wide analysis of CRISPR-Cas in Xanthomonas and describe 20 specific aspects of its occurrence. Our results show that Xanthomonas genomes harbour 21 subtype I-C and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems and that species belonging to distantly 22 Xanthomonas-related genera in Xanthomonadaceae exhibit the same configuration of bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/731166; this version posted August 9, 2019.
    [Show full text]