DOCSLIB.ORG

Galileo Orbiter Ultraviolet Observations of Jupiter Aurora

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Galileo Orbiter Ultraviolet Observations of Jupiter Aurora JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 103, NO. E9, PAGES 20,125-20,148,AUGUST 30, 1998 Galileo orbiter ultraviolet observations of Jupiter aurora JosephAjello, • DonaldShemansky, 2 Wayne Pryor, 3 Kent Tobiska, 4 Charles Hord, 3 StuartStephens, 4 Ian Stewart, 3 John Clarke, • Karen Simmons, 3 William McClintock, 3 CharlesBarth, 3Jeremy Gebben, 3Deborah Miller, 3 and Bill Sandel6 Abstract. In 1996 duringthe first four orbitsof the satellitetour the Galileo ultraviolet spectrometer(UVS) (11304320/•) and extreme ultraviolet spectrometer (EUVS) (540-1280/•) performednear-simultaneous observations of theJupiter aurora in boththe northand south polar regions.These observations are modeledto providethe absolute surface brightness of the aurora from the H2 RydbergSystems (B, B', B", C, D, D' -->X bandsystems). The spectraldistribution andbrightness of theEUV auroraare sensitiveto H2 abundance,H2 temperature,and CI-I• abundance.Analysis of theemission spectra indicates that the EUV aurora (800-1200/l 0 are producedover a rangeof altitudescorresponding to slant column abundances of H2 from 10 •6 to 1020cm '•' or greater. The UVS spectra of thefar ultraviolet (FUV) from 1130 to 1700]i are opticallythin in H2,but highlysensitive to theCI-h columnabundance and to the secondary electronenergy distribution. The slantcolumn abundance of CI-I• absorbersfound from modelsof theFUV spectravaried in therange 0 - 10x 10•6 cm '2, indicating the presence of bothhigh altitude aurora,at or abovethe homopause,and deep aurora. The FUV spectrashow C2H•absorption bands near1520/•. The surface brightness ofthe aurora from the H2 Rydberg Systems ranged from 100 to 600 kR and of H Lyman c• was60 to 130 kR for a 2000 km wide oval. The totalpower input to theatmosphere from particle deposition is estimatedto be ~ 1 x 10•4 W. I. Introduction energy output of the aurora and through self-absorption is Galileo began its planned l 1-orbit tour of the Jupiter sensitive to H a abundanceand temperature,as well as CHn systemin December1995. The I.JV subsystemon the Galileo abundance.The energeticsand CH4 abundancesought to be orbiter consists of two separatespectrometers. The extreme self-consistent between the two sets of data. ultravioletspectrometer (EUVS) measuresradiation from 540 These unique observations consisting of combined EUV to 1280• andis on thespinning portion of the spacecraft.and UVS spectraare an important step in understandingthe The ultraviolet spectrometer(UVS)is mounted on the scan Jupiter aurora. Voyager auroralEUV spectraobtained inside platformand operates over the rangefrom 1130 to 4320 • the magnetospherewere partially compromisedby a high [Hord et al., 1992]. In the early orbits in 1996 at the time radiation environment.'A single preliminary model is shown the boresight of the EUVS crossedthe dawn terminator of by Broadfoot et al. [1981]. Morphological studies by Jupiter, simultaneousEUVS and UVS observations of the Herbert et al. [1987] of the northern aurora, from the aurora from the same source location were performed. The outbound leg of Voyager 2, pinpointed the System 1I[ spectra measured by each instrument provide important longitude,)•- 210øasa regionof maximumbrightness of H information about the energetics and structureof the aurora. Lytx and Ha bandsand the southernmostextent of the aurora The UVS far ultraviolet (FUV) observations furnish the CHn as the footprint of the Io toms. In addition, the Voyager column abundanceabove the aurora and energy output of the UVS spectral resolution was not sufficient to observe the Rydbergband systemsof H a, but provide no information on CHn absorptionstructure. Recently, Morrissey et al. [1997] the H a foregroundabundance. The EUVS also measuresthe obtainedsimultaneous EUV/FUV spectra (900-1650 ]•) and imaging of the Jovian aurorawith the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT)and Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The HUT model analysis was limited to the wavelengthsfrom •JetPropulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1000to 1650]k usingmolecular parameters of the H 2 Lyman Pasadena. and Werner system.Significant residuals existed in the 900- 2Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. 1000 ]i wavelengthregion from the unmodeledhigher 3Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Rydberg states. The Galileo EUVS observations provide Colorado, Boulder. excellent signal-to-noise (S/N) measurements inside the nFederal Data Corporation, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Jovian magnetosphere. The emergent spectrum from the Califomia. •SpacePhysics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan,Ann Jupiter atmosphereis sensitive to gas temperatureand I-Ia Arbor. abundancealong the optical path. The resonancebands (v' 6 Lunarand Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona,Tucson. 0)of the Rydberg band systems [Ajello etal., 1984, 1988i appearin the 850-1100]i wavelengthrange. If the gas temperatureis near 1000 K and the Ha columndensity above Copyright1998 by the AmericanGeophysical Union. 10•g cm a, thenthe atmosphereis thick for both the (v', 0) Papernumber 98JE00832. and (v', 1)progressions,which extendto 1160 ]k, a 0148-0227/98/98JE-00832509.00. spectral region that begins to include the UVS. Multiple 20,125 20,126 AJELLO ET AL.: EUV AND FUV OBSERVATIONS OF JUPITER AURORA I SUN 50 Rj 00 Rj . <15'Rj ß .:.-: RADIATION • CONSTRAINT' ENCOUNTER .......... PERIOD -•-Z-AX!S APPROACH EUV + I o TORUS S/C PERIOD MAGNETOSPHERE .i.:::.?.::!:::.::!?.::.i.ii?.::!:::.i:.:::.i:.i...........P..E. RIOD i::i::i Figure 1. North ecliptic view of the Galileo trajectory during the orbital tour. The spacecraftz axis is nominally pointed in the Earth direction,and the UVS/EUVS can be boresightedto look at the toms and aurora.The orbit numbersare indicated.The white area is the time during which the bulk of the UVS/EUVS observationswere planned.Jupiter and the Io toms are available in the region called Io toms period. The 15 Rj radiation constraint is a predictedclosest approachdistance to operate the instrument. The dark stippledarea is the time when the cone angleof Jupiter system is less than '90ø and unobservableby the UVS becauseof spacecraftobstructions. scatteringin these bands is unimportant,since emissions in days per orbit for the toms and 1/4 day (6 hours) for the opticallythick bandsare fluorescedat longerwavelengths in auroralobservations by the EUVS. UVS observationsof the optically thin bands of the same progression. aurorawere planned for each orbit to accompanythe EUVS. In this paper we report the EUVS auroralobservations The total Observationtime per pole per orbit, considering obtained on the "Big Four" set of orbits. The three sets of the small duty cycle of the spinning EUVS, was 12 s. observations begin just prior to the satellite/Jupiter Excellent EUV spectra were obtained from these brief encounters:G1, C3, and E4. There were no EUVS/UVS aurora exposures.The EUVS acquiredhigh-quality spectra of the or torus spectra on G2. These first four orbits have large aurora because of the smaller than expected radiation distances from Jupiter during the toms and aurora environment and an increased thickness of radiation observationperiods, roughly definedby 90 ø Jupiter phase shieldingrelative to the Voyager UVS. Modeling techniques angle. These orbits provided the least interferencefrom developedby Shemansky[1985] wereused as a basis for the radiation and the longest and most sensitiveobservations of EUV and FUV models. the Jupiter auroraand Io toms. The geometry is shown in Previous spectral information about the U V aurora is Figure 1 with the Io toms period. The period included4 3/4 known from two decades of FUV measurements by AJELLOET AL.: EUV AND FUV OBSERVATIONSOF JUPITERAURORA 20,127 InternationalUltraviolet Explorer(IUE), HUT, and HST thedata into two wavelengthregions: the blue 1230-1300/• Goddardhigh-resolution spectrometer (GHRS). The past andthe red 1557-1619 /• asproposed by Yunget al. [1982]. historyof FUV observationsis extensive,consisting of Theratio of red/bluehas been used as a measureof the CH4 both high-resolutionspatial imaging (HST) in the Lyman (principalhydrocarbon) optical depth in front of the auroral bandsand H Lymantx andspectral measurements of varying layerwith SystemIll longitude.The two principalresults of spectral coverage and resolution (GHRS high resolution this studyshowed that the auroralbrightness and the color echellespectra of 0.07 /• full widthat half maximumratio peakedat 180ø longitude,indicating a maximum (FWHM)to IUElow resolution of 11 /• FWHM)[Clarke et columndensity of CH4 at 180ø longitude with a variationof al., 1994; Feldmanet al., 1993; Durranceet al., 1982; a factorof 2-3. This resultcould be interpretedas arising Livengoodet al., 1990;Trafton et al., 1994;Prange et al., froman atmospherethat is tmiformin longitudebut has a 1995,1997a,b; Harris et al., 1996]. longitudedependent energy in primary precipitating The mostrecent spectral model of the FUV aurorawas particles.A reconciliationof the long-termIUE resultsof publishedby Liu andDalgarno [1996]. Using a primeset of Livengood(e.g., maximumbrightness and color ratio at HSTGHRS observations from past observer cycles, Liu and 180ø longitude) with the WFPC 2 andFOC imaging is given Dalgarnoderive Ha auroral rotational temperatures of 400- byPrange et al. [1997a]and Ballester et al. [1996].Prange 600 K. The modelincludes the line transitionprobabilities et al. [1997a]give a summaryof the southernaurora from of Abgrall et al. [1993a,b],
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Key and Driving Requirements for the Juno Payload Suite of Instruments
    Key and Driving Requirements for the Juno Payload Suite of Instruments Randy Dodge1 and Mark A. Boyles2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109-8099 Chuck E. Rasbach3 Lockheed Martin-Space System Company, Denver, CO, 80201 [Abstract] The Juno Mission was selected in the summer of 2005 via NASA’s New Frontiers competitive AO process (refer to http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2005/jun/HQ_05138_New_Frontiers_2.html). The Juno project is led by a Principle Investigator based at Southwest Research Institute [SwRI] in San Antonio, Texas, with project management based at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [JPL] in Pasadena, California, while the Spacecraft design and Flight System integration are under contract to Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company [LM-SSC] in Denver, Colorado. The payload suite consists of a large number of instruments covering a wide spectrum of experimentation. The science team includes a lead Co-Investigator for each one of the following experiments: A Magnetometer experiment (consisting of both a FluxGate Magnetometer (FGM) built at Goddard Space Flight Center [GSFC] and a Scalar Helium Magnetometer (SHM) built at JPL, a MicroWave Radiometer (MWR) also built at JPL, a Gravity Science experiment (GS) implemented via the telecom subsystem, two complementary particle instruments (Jovian Auroral Distribution Experiment, JADE developed by SwRI and Juno Energetic-particle Detector Instrument, JEDI from the Applied Physics Lab [APL]--JEDI and JADE both measure electrons and ions), an Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) also developed at SwRI, and a radio and plasma (Waves) experiment (from the University of Iowa). In addition, a visible camera (JunoCam) is included in the payload to facilitate education and public outreach (designed & fabricated by Malin Space Science Systems [MSSS]).
    [Show full text]
  • JUICE Red Book
    ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Juno Spacecraft Description
    Juno Spacecraft Description By Bill Kurth 2012-06-01 Juno Spacecraft (ID=JNO) Description The majority of the text in this file was extracted from the Juno Mission Plan Document, S. Stephens, 29 March 2012. [JPL D-35556] Overview For most Juno experiments, data were collected by instruments on the spacecraft then relayed via the orbiter telemetry system to stations of the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). Radio Science required the DSN for its data acquisition on the ground. The following sections provide an overview, first of the orbiter, then the science instruments, and finally the DSN ground system. Juno launched on 5 August 2011. The spacecraft uses a deltaV-EGA trajectory consisting of a two-part deep space maneuver on 30 August and 14 September 2012 followed by an Earth gravity assist on 9 October 2013 at an altitude of 559 km. Jupiter arrival is on 5 July 2016 using two 53.5-day capture orbits prior to commencing operations for a 1.3-(Earth) year-long prime mission comprising 32 high inclination, high eccentricity orbits of Jupiter. The orbit is polar (90 degree inclination) with a periapsis altitude of 4200-8000 km and a semi-major axis of 23.4 RJ (Jovian radius) giving an orbital period of 13.965 days. The primary science is acquired for approximately 6 hours centered on each periapsis although fields and particles data are acquired at low rates for the remaining apoapsis portion of each orbit. Juno is a spin-stabilized spacecraft equipped for 8 diverse science investigations plus a camera included for education and public outreach.
    [Show full text]
  • Auroral Emission at Jupiter Through Juno's UVS Eyes
    Auroral emission at Jupiter through Juno's UVS eyes Denis Grodent Bertrand Bonfond G. Randy Gladstone Jean-Claude Gérard Jacques Gusn Aikaterini Radio= Maïté Dumont Benjamin Palmaerts the Juno Science Team LPAP, Université de Liège, Belgium Southwest Research InsBtute, USA UVS D. Grodent ULg TheJuno UltravioletUltraViolet Spectrograph on Spectrograph UVS NASA’s Juno Mission (PI: G.R. Gladstone) Fig. 4 An opto-mechanical schematic of the Juno-UVS sensor showing light rays traced through the main apertureGladstone et al. 2014 door, reflecting from the OAP primary, passing through a focus at the slit, diffracted off the toroidal grating, and imaged onto the XDL MCP detector UV light D. Grodent ULg 3.3 Detector and Detector Electronics The Juno-UVS detector configuration includes an XDL microchannel plate (MCP) detector scheme housed in a vacuum enclosure with a one-time opening door containing a UV-grade fused-silica window (for limited UV throughput during testing). The door was spring loaded for opening with a wax-pellet-type push actuator. The vacuum enclosure has a vacuum pump port and a small, highly polished region which functions as a zero-order reflector (directing zero-order light from the instrument grating into the zero-order trap on the side of the in- strument housing). The vacuum enclosure also utilizes four female connectors for the anode signals, and two high-voltage (HV) connectors for the MCP and anode gap voltages. The detector’s MCP configuration uses a Z-stack that is cylindrically curved to match the 150-mm Rowland circle diameter to optimize spectral and spatial focus across the Juno- UVS bandpass.
    [Show full text]
  • Juno Magnetometer (MAG) Standard Product Data Record and Archive Volume Software Interface Specification
    Juno Magnetometer Juno Magnetometer (MAG) Standard Product Data Record and Archive Volume Software Interface Specification Preliminary March 6, 2018 Prepared by: Jack Connerney and Patricia Lawton Juno Magnetometer MAG Standard Product Data Record and Archive Volume Software Interface Specification Preliminary March 6, 2018 Approved: John E. P. Connerney Date MAG Principal Investigator Raymond J. Walker Date PDS PPI Node Manager Concurrence: Patricia J. Lawton Date MAG Ground Data System Staff 2 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Distribution list ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Document change log ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 TBD items ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Glossary .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Juno Mission Overview ...................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Software Interface Specification Content Overview .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations of Moon-Magnetosphere Interactions by the Europa Clipper Mission
    EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-366-1, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Investigations of Moon-Magnetosphere Interactions by the Europa Clipper Mission Haje Korth (1), Robert T. Pappalardo (2), David A. Senske (2), Sascha Kempf (3), Margaret G. Kivelson (4,5), Kurt Retherford (6), J. Hunter Waite (6), Joseph H. Westlake (1), and the Europa Clipper Science Team (1) Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, USA, (2) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California, USA, (3) University of Colorado, Colorado, USA, (4) University of Michigan, Michigan, USA, (5) University of California, California, USA, (6) Southwest Research Institute, Texas, USA. ([email protected]) 1. Introduction magnetic fields inducing eddy currents in the ocean. By measuring the induced field response at multiple The influence of the Jovian space environment on frequencies, the ice shell thickness and the ocean Europa is multifaceted, and observations of moon- layer thickness and conductivity can be uniquely magnetosphere interaction by the Europa Clipper will determined. The ECM consists of four fluxgate provide an understanding of the satellite’s interior sensors mounted on a 5-m-long boom and a control structure and compositional makeup among others. electronics hosted in a vault shielding it from The variability of Jupiter’s magnetic field at Europa radiation damage. The use of four sensors allows for induces electric currents within the moon’s dynamic removal of higher-order spacecraft- conducting ocean layer, the magnitude of which generated magnetic fields on a boom that is short depends on the ocean’s location, extent, and compared with the spacecraft dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Investigation
    THE CASSINI ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH INVESTIGATION 1, 1 1 LARRY W. ESPOSITO ∗, CHARLES A. BARTH , JOSHUA E. COLWELL , GEORGE M. LAWRENCE1, WILLIAM E. McCLINTOCK1,A. IAN F. STEWART1, H. UWE KELLER2, AXEL KORTH2, HANS LAUCHE2, MICHEL C. FESTOU3,ARTHUR L. LANE4, CANDICE J. HANSEN4, JUSTIN N. MAKI4,ROBERT A. WEST4, HERBERT JAHN5, RALF REULKE5, KERSTIN WARLICH5, DONALD E. SHEMANSKY6 and YUK L. YUNG7 1University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, U.S.A. 2Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Aeronomie, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany 3Observatoire Midi-Pyren´ ees,´ 14 avenue E. Belin, F31400 Toulouse, France 4JetPropulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, U.S.A. 5Deutsches Zentrum fur¨ Luft und Raumfahrt, Institut fur¨ Weltraumsensorik und Planetenerkundung, Rutherford Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany 6University of Southern California, Department of Aerospace Engineering, 854 W. 36th Place, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A. 7California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MS 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A. (∗Author for correspondence: E-mail: [email protected]) (Received 8 July 1999; Accepted in final form 18 October 2000) Abstract. The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) is part of the remote sensing payload of the Cassini orbiter spacecraft. UVIS has two spectrographic channels that provide images and spectra covering the ranges from 56 to 118 nm and 110 to 190 nm. A third optical path with a solar blind CsI photocathode is used for high signal-to-noise-ratio stellar occultations by rings and atmospheres. A separate Hydrogen Deuterium Absorption Cell measures the relative abundance of deuterium and hydrogen from their Lyman-α emission.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Dust Outbursts on the Anomalistic Features Observed By
    The effects of dust outbursts on the anomalistic features observed by Rosetta Alice around 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko John Noonana, Eric Schindhelma,JoelWm.Parkera, Andrew Steffla, Michael Davisb,S.AlanSterna, Zuni Levinc, Sascha Kempfc, and Mihaly Horanyic aSouthwest Research Institute, Suite 300, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado, USA bSouthwest Research Institute, 6222 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas, USA cColorado Center for Lunar Dust and Atmospheric Studies, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, 3400 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado, USA ABSTRACT The Alice far-ultraviolet spectrograph on board the Rosetta spacecraft currently operating around the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko experiences an anomalistic feature (AF) that has proven nearly constant at comet separations below 450 km.1 This feature varies rapidly on a time scale of seconds and displays no relation to any measured parameters with the ex- ception of comet separation. Simulations showed that nanograins and ions could create the feature through a range of possible masses, velocities, charges, and energies. This paper builds on research published in Noonan et al. 2016 that explored the behaviors and morphology of the AF. Observations taken on February 19th, 2016 during a dust outburst observed by several other instruments (Eberhard Grun, in prep) verified that the most common morphology of the AF is linked to dust and charged nanograins. Keywords: Rosetta, comets, Alice, FUV, anomalistic, 67P/CG 1. INTRODUCTION Starting August 7th of 2014, the same day as orbital insertion of the Rosetta spacecraft around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the ultraviolet spectrograph (UVS) Alice2 on Rosetta began to return exposures containing a concave feature near the 850A˚ portion of the detector.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiation: Lessons Learned
    Radiation:Radiation: LessonsLessons LearnedLearned Scott Bolton Southwest Research Institute Insoo Jun Jet Propulsion Laboratory This document has been reviewed for export control and it does NOT contain controlled technical data. Juno Science Objectives • Origin – Determine O/H ratio (water abundance) and constrain core mass to decide among alternative theories of origin. • Interior – Understand Jupiter's interior structure and dynamical properties by mapping its gravitational and magnetic fields. • Atmosphere – Map variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, cloud opacity and dynamics to depths greater than 100 bars. • Polar Magnetosphere – Explore the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere and aurorae. Juno Juno Payload Gravity Science (JPL/Italy) Magnetometer— MAG (GSFC) Microwave Radiometer— MWR (JPL) Energetic Particles —JEDI (APL) Plasma ions and electrons — JADE (SwRI) Plasma waves/radio — Waves (U of Iowa) Ultra Violet Imager — UVS (SwRI) Visible Camera – Juno Cam (Malin) InfraRed Imager – JIRAM (Italy) Radiation Lessons Learned 3 Juno Juno Mission Design Launch: August 2011 5 year cruise Baseline mission: 32 polar orbits Perijove ~5000 km 11 day period Spinner Solar-powered Orbit is designed to avoid radiation from the inner belts of Jupiter. Dips inside inner belt at perijove and goes above belts (Juno is in polar orbit). Radiation Lessons Learned 4 Juno Orbit 4: Juno Gravity Science 5 days 4 days 6-hour Jupiter science pass 3 days 2 days 1 day Opportunities for 0 communication 11 with Earth 10
    [Show full text]
  • JUICE – Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS)
    - UVS PI Kurt Retherford (SwRI) Europa-UVS Team Instrument Engineer: Laura Jones (JPL) Investigation Scientist: Scott Edgington (JPL) Kurt Retherford 2 Europa-UVS: Science Objectives • Selected as the mission “Plume Hunter” • Europa-UVS Objectives . Determine the composition & chemistry, source & sinks, and structure & variability of Europa's atmosphere, from equator to pole. Search for and characterize active plumes in terms of global distribution, structure, composition, and variability. Explore the surface composition & microphysics and their relation to endogenic & exogenic processes. Investigate how energy and mass flow in the Europa atmosphere, neutral cloud & plasma torus, and footprint on Jupiter. Kurt Retherford 3 Europa-UVS: Science Goals Trace 1. Europa Atmosphere: Understand Europa’s atmosphere and its exchanges with the surface/sub-surface (to reveal composition and chemistry) . Key: Decadal Survey (DS) #3; Supporting: DS #2 & #5 2. Europa Plumes: Determine regions of current activity and the nature of subsurface water reservoirs (future exploration sites) . Key: DS #4 & AO PEA+; Supporting: DS #3, #2, #5, & #1 Europa Plumes 3. Europa Surface: Relate surface composition, chemistry, and maturity to geological provenance . Supporting DS: #3, #4, and PEA+ 4. Europa Plasma Environment: Investigate connections which transport mass and energy between Europa, its space environment, and Jupiter’s magnetosphere . Key: DS #5 Kurt Retherford 4 Europa-UVS Techniques 1) UV Emissions 2) UV Reflections 3) UV Transmissions HST-STIS observation
    [Show full text]
  • Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVS) Experiment on Board the NOZOMI Spacecraft: Instrumentation and Initial Results
    Earth Planets Space, 52, 49–60, 2000 Ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVS) experiment on board the NOZOMI spacecraft: Instrumentation and initial results M. Taguchi1, H. Fukunishi2, S. Watanabe3, S. Okano1, Y. Takahashi2, and T. D. Kawahara4 1National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 173-8515, Japan 2Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan 3Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 4Department of Information Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-0922, Japan (Received March 18, 1999; Revised September 20, 1999; Accepted October 19, 1999) An ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVS) on board the PLANET-B (NOZOMI) spacecraft has been developed. The UVS instrument consists of a grating spectrometer (UVS-G), an absorption cell photometer (UVS-P) and an electronics unit (UVS-E). The UVS-G features a flat-field type spectrometer measuring emissions in the FUV and MUV range between 110 nm and 310 nm with a spectral resolution of 2–3 nm. The UVS-P is a photometer separately detecting hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) Lyman α emissions by the absorption cell technique. They take images using the spin and orbital motion of the spacecraft. The major scientific objectives of the UVS experiment at Mars and the characteristics of the UVS are described. The MUV spectra of geocoronal and interplanetary Lyman α emissions and lunar images taken at wavelength of hydrogen Lyman α and the background at 170 nm are presented as representative examples of the UVS observations during the Earth orbiting phase and the Mars transfer phase. 1. Introduction objectives. The ultraviolet spectra of the Martian airglow Due to a weak or no intrinsic magnetic field on Mars, the were obtained by the Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer solar wind plasma can deeply penetrate into the Martian experiment (Barth et al., 1972).
    [Show full text]
  • Precipitating Electron Energy Flux and Characteristic Energies in Jupiter's Main Auroral Region As Measured by Juno/JEDI
    Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics RESEARCH ARTICLE Precipitating Electron Energy Flux and Characteristic 10.1029/2018JA025639 Energies in Jupiter’s Main Auroral Region Key Points: as Measured by Juno/JEDI • Measured profiles of the energetic electron energy flux and G. Clark1 , C. Tao2 , B. H. Mauk1 , J. Nichols3 , J. Saur4 , E. J. Bunce3 , F. Allegrini5,6 , ’ characteristic energies in Jupiter s 5 7 5 8 9,10 5 main auroral region R. Gladstone , F. Bagenal , S. Bolton , B. Bonfond , J. Connerney , R. W. Ebert , 9 1 11 1 9 • Data help constrain Jovian auroral D. J. Gershman , D. Haggerty , T. Kimura , P. Kollmann , S. Kotsiaros , acceleration theories - various W. S. Kurth12 , S. Levin13 , D. J. McComas5,14 , G. Murakami15 , C. Paranicas1 , aspects in agreement with both 1 5,6 Knight and MHD turbulence A. Rymer , and P. Valek predictions 1 2 • Comparisons to Hisaki remote The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA, National Institute of Information and sensing data reveal that the Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK, hydrocarbon eddy diffusion 4Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, 5Southwest Research Institute, San fi coef cient in the auroral region may Antonio, TX, USA, 6Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, be enhanced 7Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 8Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute, LPAP, Universite de Liege, Liege, Belgium, 9Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 10Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, MD, USA, 11Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Correspondence to: Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 12Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA, G.
    [Show full text]