JULY 1978 VOLUME 6 - NUMBER 3

A PLBLICATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

WASHINGTON GEOWGIC NEWSLETTER

BERT L.COLE COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC LANDS

RALPH A BESWICK, Supervisor VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON,JR.,State Geologist DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT Of NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES, OLYMPIA, , 98504 LOCATION MAP : DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES DEPT. SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES

t ~ i~L f ...J ~ i ,...... N g a: ~ ~OGY ANO EARTH

IDEPT. HIGHWAYS CITY CENTER FREEWAY EXIT PORTLA~ STATE CAPITOL EXIT

Vaughn E. (Ted) Livingston, Jr., Supervisor

Geologic Staff

J. Eric Schuster, Assistant Supervisor

Minerals and Energy Geologists Land Use Geologists Carl McFarland James G. Rigby Allen J. Fiksdal Keith L. Stoffel Clint Milne Glennda B. Tucker Kurt L. 0th berg Gerald W. Thorsen Wayne S. Moen Ellis R. Vonheeder Pamela Palmer Weldon W. Rau Charles W. Walker

Regulations and Operations Surface Mined Land Reclamation and Oil and Gos Conservation Act Donald M. Ford, Assistant Supervisor

Publications: Library: Laboratory: Secretaries: Loura Broy Connie Manson Arnold W. Bowman Patricia Ames Keith Ikerd Cherie Dunwoody Wonda Walker Kim Summers Pamela Whitlock

Mailing address: Deportment of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resou rces Olympia, WA 98504 (206) 753-6183 ORIGIN OF THE GRAND COULEE AND

by Ted Livingston

Washington State hos many interesting geo­ original terrain until in the Grand Coulee area it was logic features. Among the more outstanding dre the completely buried. During the course of these erup­ Grand Coulee and Dry Falls . tions, as the molten rock came pouring out on the Some 25 million years ago, at the beginning surface, the earth's crust gradually sank down into of the Miocene Epoch, the area we now know as the the space left by the rising magma. was a fairly rough mountainous This subsidence of the earth's crust, along terrain made up generally of granite in the northern with the accompanying outflowing of lava, produced port, metamorphic and granitic rocks in the eastern one of the largest basalt-filled basins in the world; in port, and volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the the center of the basin, the basalt probably reaches southern and western ports. The streams that drained o thickness of 10, 000 feet or more. th is area, as well as regions to the west, north, and Just how long the span of time was between east, had probably joined on their way to the sea the first ond lost of these eruptions is not known; how­ and formed the primeval . ever, it probably covered 10 to 15 mill ion years. Some time during the Miocene Epoch, per­ Likewise, the time differential between individual haps only slightly more than 10 mil I ion years ago, eruptions in the Dry Fol ls area is not known; it may many large, deep faults developed in the area of the have been a few hours, days, weeks, years, or thou­ Co lumbia Basin. These faults, or fissures, were so sands of years. deep, in fact, that they reached through the crust ond The lava flows, as they issued from the fis­ intc the eorth's mantle (50 miles .±). These deep cracks sures, spreed over the area; they first filled the stream served two functions; one was that they produced a valleys, forming dams that in turn caused impound­ lowering of pressure at great depths allowing the rocks, ments or lakes. As time passed, the streams eventually which were hot enough to melt but were formerly under circumvented the lava dams and found new courses, too great a pressure to do so, to become fluid or molten. only to be redammed and pushed out of their channels Secondly, the creeks served as chonnelwoys for the by new floods of lava. This constant bottle between newly molten rock or magma to speed to the surface the streams of water end lava floods continued, unti I where it flowed out as a volcanic eruption. Each eventually the streams were more or less consolidated layer or bed of basalt in the cliff walls of the coulee into one large river, the Columbia, and forced to represents a separate volcanic eruption. As the erup­ skirt the north edge of the orea of lava flows. The tions continued, the lava flows began to cover the abundant lake deposits of si It, sond, ond clay found

Cover Photo

Dry Fol ls and the Upper and Lower Grond Coulees were excavated by tremendous discharges of glacial melt waters. After retreat of the floodwaters and reoccupation of its present course by the Columbia River, Dry Falls was left as we see it today, a magnificent series of arcuote escarpments and lcke-fi I led plunge pools. between different basalt flows, as well as the ancient the large vertical columns so noticeable in many of lava-filled stream channels that ca'n be seen in many the coulee walls. of the coulee wa lls, bear mute witness of the struggle As the Miocene Epoch drew to a close, the that went on between these two opponents. great fissure eruptions became fewer and fewer, unti I The lakes that were formed by the lava dams at lost all volcanic activity in the area of the Colum­ no doubt served as population centers for plants and bia plateau stopped . Then commenced a period of animals that existed during that time. It is from the time when tremendous compressional forces within the sediments that were deposited in the lakes, and some­ earth began to slowly up-fold ports of the plateau into times from the lava and polagonite (o yellowish- brown, long narrow northwest- to east-west trending ridges clayl ike material formed by the alteration of volcanic cal led anticlines. Some of these ridges are the Horse­ gloss) beds that immediately overlie them, that the heaven Hil Is, Rattlesnake Hills, Yakima Ridge, evidence of that life is found. Fossil leaf impressions, Untanum Ridge, , and Frenchman petrified wood, fossil insects, and bones of vertebrate Hills. During this time, a great monoclinol fo ld was animals hove all been found in, or associated with, pushed up, trending east-west through the Beesley these ancient lake beds. Hills to Ephrata, where its trend became northeast to One of the most Uhvsual fossils ever found about Hartline. Simultaneously, a sma ll asymmetrical in the Columbia plateau is a mold of a small rhinoceros, east-west trending anticline was pushed up in the Soap commonly known as the "Blue Lake Rhino." It was Lake area. During this period of folding, the whole locclted in Jasper Canyon in 1935, /ust below Dry plateau was tilted slightly to the south by the general Falls, by o group of hikers. The mold is preserved in uplift of the mountainous area to the north. pillow basalt that overlies a thin sand bed. Probably The climate during Miocene (25 to 10 mi llion the rhino, already dead and lying in a small pond, years ago) and Pliocene {10 to 1 million years ago) was covered by molten lava that hod chi I led when it times was temperate. Such trees as the bold cypress, flowed into the water and formed basalt pillows and chestnut, beech, fig, sycamore, tulip tree, magnolia, pologonite around the rhino without cremating it. sassafras, hickory, poplar, birch, elm, and maple a ll The pillows were light enough so they didn 1t crush the flourished in the cou lee area. Toward the lost port of animal bu!' were able to pock in around the carcass the Pliocene the climate began to cool and what we sufficiently well to preserve the rhino's shape. Pale­ coll the ice age began. During this period, vast ontologists made o cost of the mold and reconstructed continental ice sheets slowly pushed their woy down the rhino. from the north country, overwhelming everything in The basalt flows that make up the Columbia their path except the highest mountain tops. These plateau are in themselves somewhat of a wonder. peaks stuck above the surface of the ice like islands Most magmas, as they pour out of a volcano, form from the sea. relatively sma ll lava streams that rush down the sides The ice sheet pushed down out of Canada, of the volcano, no matter whether it be o strato­ across the Okanogan Highlands, and into the northern vol cano like Mount Ra inier or a shield volcano like port of the plateau. One lobe advanced as for south Mauno Loa. The lavas of the Columbia plateau, as Coulee City, forming on ice dam across the however, were extremely fluid and spread out in Columbia River at the present site of the Grand Coulee large puddles or lakes. Some geologists who hove Dam. At this position the ice remained stagnant; that studied them suggest that several of these lava lakes is, the rote of melt was equal to the rote of advance may hove been more than 100 miles across their long­ for many years, as evidenced by the large terminal est dimension. As the lava flows cooled and solidified, moraine (a more or less sinuous ridge of boulders, many of them developed a joint system that produced grove I, sand, and mud) that formed at the ice front.

2 This moraine stretches southeastward from the lower cataract retreated back upstream to the present site end of the Lake Chelan across the Big Bend country of Dry Falls before the original channel of the Colum­ almost to the southern end of Grand Coulee, then bia River was freed of ice, al lowing the river to return turns to the northeast and parallels the west rim of to its normal stream course. When this happened, the the Upper Coulee to the site of , once magnificent falls became a series of sheer cliffs then turns eastward. As the greot ice sheet lay stag­ with small lakes, such as Dry Falls Lake, Alkali Lake , nant and then as it began to retreat, tremendous melt­ and Deep Lake, filli ng the plunge pools at their base water streams poured down from its icy surface. These (the large deep pool that developes at the base of a streams quickly filled the lake behind the Grand falls). When the river abandoned the Grand Coulee Coulee ice dam to overflowing, the water spilled stream course, it left a series of lakes-Pork Lake, over the valley rim to the south, and the stage was set Blue Lake, Lenore Lake, and Soop Lake-in the Lower for the excavation of the Upper and Lower Coulees of Coulee. An interesting feature of these lakes is that the Grand Coulee. they become increasingly more saline down the coulee, The waters that overflowed the Columbio and Soop Lake, which is at the lower end, is world Volley at the present site of Grand Coulee Dam formed famous for the medicinal behefits of its salts. a river, which flowed along the edge of the glacier, One of the most interesting features of the picking up additional water from the many melt-water Grand Coulee, geological ly speaking, is how rapidly streams pouring off the ice lobe to as far south as it was gouged out . This great channel way was dug Coulee City. Here, it roared down the steep, south­ in just a few thousand years. There are four factors sloping Coulee monocline, forming a wild cascade 800 that probably had a tremendous influence on the speed feet from top to bottom. The folding of the monocline at which the coulees were cut, They ore the large spread open the joint system of the columnar basalt amount of water, the jointed nature of the basalt, the flows at the crest of the fold, and now the tremendous soft sedimentary beds between some of the basalt flows, melt-water river began to attack this weakness, The and lastly, the two big folds in the basalt-the Coulee surging torrent began to pluck chunks of basalt from monocline and the Soop Lake anticline. the face of the fold, and a cataract developed that The large volume of water pouring off the would dwarf any presently existing waterfall. This ice sheet formed a river with enormous eroding power. waterfall retreated some 20 miles back to the site of The steep gradients that existed on the faces of the Grand Coulee Dom and breached into the Columbia two fo lds helped the water reach a velocity great River valley before the ice dam broke, allowing enough to pluck blocks of basalt from the bedrock and the Columbia River to return to its old course, and carry them downstream. The joints in the basalt mode drying up the flow in the coulee. it easier for the water to pluck out and remove the At the same time that Upper Grand Coulee basalt. The thin sedimentary beds between some was being excavated by the diverted Columbia River of the flows became planes of weakness that helped flowing over its retreating waterfall, the river spread speed the retreat of the foils inasmuch as these soft out below the Coulee monocline and ran along the beds were very easily eroded. The churning waters toe of the fold to about Soap Lake, where it went actually undercut the basalt by washing away the raging over the brink of the Soap Lake anticline, form­ sedimentary material . This undercutting, coupled ing another foaming torrent. Here again the folding with the inherent weakness imparted to the basalt by hod produced a weakness in the basalt which the tur­ the columnar jointing, caused vast sections of the bulent river was quick to take advantage of, and soon falls to collapse and retreat, just as Niagara Falls is a roaring cataract 400 feet high developed. This doing today.

3 NEW DIRECTORY OF WASHINGTON about any differential vertical movements that moy MINING OPERATIONS RELEASED hove occurred since the last major regression of rela­ tive sea level. During this U.S. Geological Survey Information Circular 63, Directory of Wash­ funded study, identification of raised marine terraces ington mining operations, 1977, hos been published. and strandlines was emphasized for the purpose of cor­ The authors, both geologists in our division, are relating laterally separated terrace remnants within P. Clinton Milne (metallic mining operations), and each of these counties. Charles W. Walker (nonmetallic operations and sand Methods of investigation included terrace 14 and grovel operations), profiling, grain-size distribution analysis, C-oge Copies of the directory ore free upon request. doting, and surficiol geologic mapping. A surflciol Write to Deportment of Natural Resources, Division geologic map of Bay View Ridge, Skagit County, of Geology and Earth Resources, Olympia, WA 98504, Washington was completed . or coll 753-6183. Absolute terrace correlations cannot be mode due to the paucity of datable materials in the terrace deposits. The 1977 Directory of Mining Operations Tentative correlations, based on terrace pro­ is the only updated and complete listing of mining filing, groin-size distribution analysis, and possible operations and exploration in Washington . In post stratigraphic similarities, ore mode for 20- to 30-foot years, the directory hos proven to be a useful tool (6 to 9 meters) and 40- to 60-foot (12 to 18 meters) ond guide to the prospector, developer, company terrace sequences in Whatcom County (Birch Bay and official, and layman alike. Lummi Peninsula). The Mining Directory was last published in Tentative correlations, based on elevation, 1972. The need for a current survey of operations are mode for 90-foot (27. 5 meters), 110-foot (33. 5 has been evident os shown by the many requests the meters), and 150-foot (46 meters) terrace sequences division hos received from the public ond industry. in Skagit County (Bay View Ridge and south of Mount The directory contains entries for companies Vernon). or individuals, their addresses, mining property loca­ If the tentative correlations ore correct, they tions, ond metallic, nonmetallic, or sond ond grovel imply that little if any measurable differential tectonic products. Entries dealing with metallic minerals moy and{or) glocio-isostotic uplift hos occurred since the be in producing, developmental, or exploratory stages. last regression of relative seo level in the separate Mops, showing property locations, ore included. areas of terrace correlation. No statements about relative movement between the two counties con By Clint Milne presently be mode, Additional conclusions can be mode when resu Its from o pollen analysis of ba'SO I· peat collected from the 150-foot bog at Bay View Ridge ore available. INVESTIGATJON OF TECTONIC DEFORMATION If the peat contains dominant salt marsh or estuarine IN THE PUGET LOWLAND, WASHINGTON pollen assemblages, it would establish a former relative by Pamela Palmer ond Robert T. Siegfried sea level at 150 feet, 11,700 years ago ot Boy View Ridge. Successful terrace correlations between raised A question relating to groin size distribution marine terrace remnants in western Whatcom and Skagit analysis for the identification of fossil littora l sands Counties would make it possible to drow conclusions in glaciated areas was raised during the srudy.

4 Friedman's (1967) graph, separating littoral and Fumarole and geotherma l ice cave monitoring, Mounts fluvial depositiona I environments on the basis of com­ Rainier and Boker. Eugene P. Kiver. paring diagnostic statistical parameters, does not Quaternary geology of the northeastern Columbia apply in much of the study area. However, a new plateau. Eugene P. Kiver. graph was established for the study area based on Compilation of computer data base of whole-rock parameters calculated from samples of known littoral chemical analyses of igneous rocks from sands . Washington. Felix E. Mutschler. Chemistry of igneous rocks from ocean basins and continents as related to ore deposition. SELECTED REFERENCES Fel'ix E. Mutschler. Friedman, G. M., 1967, Dynamic processes and sta­ Geologic mop of lnchelium quadrangle, Washington. tistical parameters compared for size fre­ James R. Snook. quency distribution of beach and river sands: Determination of paleomagnetic directions and poles Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 37, for dated intrusive rocks of northeast Wash­ no. 2, p. 327-354. ington: Spirit pluton, Flowe1y Trail Grono­ Palmer, Pamela, 1977, Investigation of tectonic defor­ diarite, Starvation Flat Quartz Monzonite, mation in the Puget Lowland, Washington: Silver Point Quartz Monzonite, lower Eocene Washington Division of Geology and Earth dikes of the Northport quadrangle. Resources Open-File Report OF77-6, 35 p. W. K. Steele. Siegfried, R. T., 1978, Stratigraphy and chronology The occurrence of olivine nodule bearing olkolic of raised marine terraces, Boy View Ridge, basalts in northern Washington and southern Skagit County, Washington: Western Wash­ British Columbia. William L. Wilkerson ington University M. S. thesis, 52 p. and Harold Lucas (student). The mineralogy and petrogrophy of olivine nodule bearing basalts in northern Washington and southern British Columbia. William L. WASHINGTON GEOLOGIC RESEARCH Wilkerson end Harold Lucas (student). IN PROGRESS AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Permian bryozoans of the carbonate units of the Mission Argi II ite, northeastern Washington. We hove received some additional informa­ E. H. Gilmour. tion on geologic projects to supplement the main - Student Research Projects - listing that was publ ished in our April newsletter. Geochemistry of the Loon Lake quartz monzonite and Washington State University its relation to uranium miner.alization at the - Student Research Project - Midnite mine, northeastern Washington. Kirk P. Kinart. Petrochemistry of Mount Boker volcano. Vic Swan . Geochemistry of granitic rocks from Newport quad­ (Ph.D. study). rangle, northeastern Washington. Eastern Washington University Abebe Kassa ye. Behavior of volatile elements in the rocks at the con­ - Faculty Research Projects - tact of some igneous intrusions of northeastern Geochemistry of granitic rocks of northeastern Wash­ Washington and its relation to ore minerali­ ington. Mohammed lkramuddin. zation. Louis B. Schipper.

5 Geochemistry of alaskite and quartz monzonite of For more information and registration forms Mount Spokane, northeastern Washington, write to Robert J. Smith, Friends of Minera logy, Box and its relation to uranium mineralization. 197 Moilroom, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122. Roy Bongiovanni. Geologic hazards in the Spokane quadrangle. Tom Davis. Patterned ground in the Spokane area. Lee To llyn . JOHN HITE NAMED CHAIRMAN OF NEXT NWMA Palynology of the Badger Lake area, Washington. ANNUAL CONVENTION Rudy Ni ckmann . Geology of Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Cheney. Christopher E. Sheldon. Chemistry of the Loon Lake batholith. Walter Nijak. Genesis of uranium ore deposits at the Gillis lease, Spokane Indian Reservation. Lee C. Nesbit. Prospecting for magmatic and hydrothermal deposits of uranium and associated elements by computer evaluation of the chemistry and petrogenesis of igneous source rocks. Dennis D. Finn . Chemical classification of granitic rocks. Granites as pa leo-stress gauges. James S. .Johnston. Thickness determinations of Columbia River basalt from total field aeromagnetic data. Ming-Ren Hong. Sedimentary petrology of the Ringold Formation, Columbia Basin, Wash ington. John Hite, regional geologist for Homestake Jerry Harbour. Mining Company, will chair the Northwest Mining Association 84th Annual Convention scheduled for November 30, December 1 and 2, in Spokane. "The convention theme, The Great Northwest FRIENDS OF MINERALOGY TO SPONSOR -Resources for Tomorrow , was chosen to express the MINERAL SYMPOSIUM importance of the Northwest's natural resources to the Quartz and assoc;iated minerals will be the notion's critical mineral and fuel shortages," accord­ topic of the 4th Annual Northwest Mineral Symposium, ing to NWMA President Russell C. Babcock. "Sessions sponsored by the Chapter of the planned for the convention will concentrate on the Friends of Mineralogy. The meeting wi ll be held in known and potential mineral and energy sources in the Portland at the Ramada Inn South on September 30 Northwest, as well as their discovery, extraction, and October 1. The Royal Ontario Museum will be and use," he said. among those hosting displays of minetols and crystals.

6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PUBLISHED USGS MAPS AND REPORTS OPEN-FILE REPORTS RELEASED ADDED TO OUR LI BRA RY

The following U.S. Geological Survey open­ The following reports hove been publ ished file reports ore now available for inspection in our by the U.S. Geological Survey and may be purchased Division of Geology and Earth Resources li brary: from them; they are ovoi lable for inspection in our division library:

Tabor, R. W.; Cady, W. M., 1978, Geologic map of the Olympic Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map 1-944, 2 sheets (east half ond west half),

WASHINGTON scale 1: 125,000. \Vhetten, J. T.; Laravie, J. A., 1976, Geology of Chiwaukum 4 N . E., Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Map MF-794, scale 1 :24, 000.

Index map showing location of \Vhetten, J. T.; Waitt, R. B., Jr., 1978, Pre liminary Open- File Report 78- 354 geology of the Cashmere quadrangle, Wash ­ ington: U.S. Geological Survey Map U, S. Geological Survey, 1978, Aeromagnetic mop MF-908, scale 1:24,000. of the Bellingham area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78- 354. Mop scale l :250, 000. NEW TOPOG MAP INDEX FOR WASHINGTON

Banks, N. G. ; Bennett, C. A.; Schmidt, J . M., A new index showing 1009 topographic maps 1978, Maps of photo lineaments and geo­ covering most of Washington is now available from the morphological features in the Spirit Lake U. S. Geological Survey . The map index includes quadrangle, Washington (A - Photo linea­ eight pages of text and a map of the state showing the ments; B - Photo geomorphological features): extent of published topographic mopping. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Copies of the "Index to Topographic Maps of 78-505. Map scale 1:48,000. Washington" are ova i labl e free from the Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25286, Drost, B. W.; Seitz, H. R., 1978, Spokane Valley­ Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Mops described Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Washington and in the index may be purchased from the same address. Idaho: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report n-829, 10 p lates, 79 p . YOUR STATE GEOLOGIST REPORTS Mast, R. F. , 1978, U. S. Geological Survey oil and gas resources investigations program: U.S. The era of forensic geology seems to have Geological Survey Open-file Report 78-303, a rrived. The triggering mechanism, in our area np. anyway, seems to hove been the advent of nuclear

7 I

power stations. I hove watched and listened to, reasonable risk and not say "no" to any proposal that with considerable interest, the discussions of both appears to have some ri sk involved. To illustrate this, sides on a plant- siting controversy as they presented I would cite the case of o county that wanted to build their interpretations of the same data. I think this a rood in a mountainous area . A geologist from a state has done much to stimulate the profession so far as agency (not ours) advised them that the road was environmental geology is concerned. We are seeing crossing a slide and the rood should be moved across geologists putting their neck on the block as it were, the canyon. The alternate route would have cost and making hard decisions that hove the potential to several times as much to build, so the county blindly affect lives. I think this is great, wi th one reservation, kept on building at the original site. Well, as it and that is that we keep our arguments on a profes­ turned out, the slide was shallow, something the sional level and base them on honest interpretation of geologist should hove recognized. The only problem available data and not on emotions. It certainly is the slide causes is that each spring on excessive bringing the profession a lot of pub Ii c awareness that amount of debris piles up in the ditch, so the ditches hos not existed in the past. This is reflected by the must be cleaned every year. This is a sma 11 expense increased number of requests our division gets from compared with changing the alignment of the rood. local planning groups for help with problems that ore The problem, as I see it, was that the geologist re­ at least partially related to geology . acted emotionally rather than examining the avail­ The geologic profession has a part to play in able data before mak ing his decision, The on ly thing planning for land development and it is important that he saw was a slide and he didn't stop to analyze what we help in the decision-making process by giving the its real impact might be. His first and only impulse decision makers the best and most factual data avail­ was "slide, ovoid it. " A careful, thoughtful investi­ able in o nontechnical form or format that they can gation would hove revealed that probably the only understand. In this process, personal predjudices pr9blem would be excessive rock debris in the ditch must be put aside and we must be wi 11 ing to accept a with minimal added cost for maintenance,

Ted Livingston

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ?!-MINUTE TOPOGRAPHIC QUADRANGLES (Maps received in the division library since Apri l 1, 1978)

Nome New Photo Latitude Longitude County edition revised (indicates southeast corner) Eostsound 1977 48°37'3011 122°52'3011 San Juan Granite Point 1964 1975 46°30100 11 117° 15 1 00 11 Garfield; v\lhitman (formerly Bishop) Kirby 1964 1975 46°30'00 11 117°22'3011 Garfield Liberty Lake 1973 47°37'3011 117°00'0011 Spokane Lopez Pass 1973 48°22'30'' 122°45'00" San Juan Orchards 1961 1970; 1975 45°37'3011 122°30'0011 Clark Washougal 1961 1970; 1975 45°30100 11 122° 15 1 0011 Cowlitz

8 Department of Naturol Resources tULX IATt Division of Geology and Earth Resources U. S. ,OSTAGI PAID 01,...pl•. w..w....­ Olympia, WA 98504 ,_,. 26'