DOCSLIB.ORG

Expressed Sequences Tags of the Anther Smut Fungus, Microbotryum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Expressed Sequences Tags of the Anther Smut Fungus, Microbotryum Expressed sequences tags of the anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, identify mating and pathogenicity genes Roxana Yockteng, Sylvain Marthey, Hélène Chiapello, Annie Gendrault, Michael Hood, Francois Rodolphe, Benjamin Devier, Patrick Wincker, Carole Dossat, Tatiana Giraud To cite this version: Roxana Yockteng, Sylvain Marthey, Hélène Chiapello, Annie Gendrault, Michael Hood, et al.. Ex- pressed sequences tags of the anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, identify mating and pathogenicity genes. BMC Genomics, BioMed Central, 2009, 8 (1), pp.272. 10.1186/1471-2164-8- 272. hal-02333218 HAL Id: hal-02333218 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02333218 Submitted on 31 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BMC Genomics BioMed Central Research article Open Access Expressed sequences tags of the anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, identify mating and pathogenicity genes Roxana Yockteng1,2, Sylvain Marthey3, Hélène Chiapello3, Annie Gendrault3, Michael E Hood4, François Rodolphe3, Benjamin Devier1, Patrick Wincker5, Carole Dossat5 and Tatiana Giraud*1 Address: 1UMR 8079 CNRS-UPS, Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, 2UMR 5202, CNRS-MNHN, Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, Département Systématique et Evolution, 16 rue Buffon CP 39, 75005, Paris, France, 3INRA, Unité Mathématique, Informatique et Génome, Domaine Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78352, France, 4Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA and 5Génoscope, UMR CNRS 8030, 2 Gaston Crémieux, CP 5706, 91507 Evry, France Email: Roxana Yockteng - [email protected]; Sylvain Marthey - [email protected]; Hélène Chiapello - [email protected]; Annie Gendrault - [email protected]; Michael E Hood - [email protected]; François Rodolphe - [email protected]; Benjamin Devier - [email protected]; Patrick Wincker - [email protected]; Carole Dossat - [email protected]; Tatiana Giraud* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 10 August 2007 Received: 17 November 2006 Accepted: 10 August 2007 BMC Genomics 2007, 8:272 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-272 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/272 © 2007 Yockteng et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The basidiomycete fungus Microbotryum violaceum is responsible for the anther-smut disease in many plants of the Caryophyllaceae family and is a model in genetics and evolutionary biology. Infection is initiated by dikaryotic hyphae produced after the conjugation of two haploid sporidia of opposite mating type. This study describes M. violaceum ESTs corresponding to nuclear genes expressed during conjugation and early hyphal production. Results: A normalized cDNA library generated 24,128 sequences, which were assembled into 7,765 unique genes; 25.2% of them displayed significant similarity to annotated proteins from other organisms, 74.3% a weak similarity to the same set of known proteins, and 0.5% were orphans. We identified putative pheromone receptors and genes that in other fungi are involved in the mating process. We also identified many sequences similar to genes known to be involved in pathogenicity in other fungi. The M. violaceum EST database, MICROBASE, is available on the Web and provides access to the sequences, assembled contigs, annotations and programs to compare similarities against MICROBASE. Conclusion: This study provides a basis for cloning the mating type locus, for further investigation of pathogenicity genes in the anther smut fungi, and for comparative genomics. Background the evolution of host-pathogen interactions, thereby Deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in infec- advancing our understanding of host specificity, viru- tion is important for the control of devastating crop dis- lence, and the emergence of new diseases. Modern eases. Furthermore, the comparison of pathogenicity- sequencing technologies have led to a remarkable increase related genes from different fungi provides insight into in genomic data available for identifying genes by similar- Page 1 of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) BMC Genomics 2007, 8:272 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/272 ity searches [1]. Key genes involved in pathogenicity in human activities, making it valuable for the study of nat- several fungi have been compiled into the PHI database ural host-pathogen coevolution, and avoiding the risk of [2]. dispersion in human crops. However, one present limita- tion of this model is that little genomic sequence data are In the smut fungi of monocot hosts (e.g. Ustilago maydis available, except studies on transposable elements and on and U. hordei, major pathogens of corn and barley, respec- the genomic defense mechanism against the accumula- tively), the sexual phase and the genes linked to the mat- tion of mobile elements [12]. In particular, the mating- ing-type loci play a key role in development and type locus was reticent to several cloning attempts (T. pathogenicity [3]. Mating-type loci determine sexual com- Giraud and M.E. Hood, unpublished; J. Kronstad, pers. patibility: only individuals differing at these loci can mate. com.) and there exist few sequences of expressed genes In U. maydis, cell recognition and fusion is regulated by a from M. violaceum in public databases. Only a few Micro- pheromone/receptor system that resides at the a locus. botryum genes that contribute to hyphal development and After fusion, the dikaryon is maintained and cells switch subsequent infectious capability have been described to filamentous growth if they are heterozygous for the sec- [13]. ond mating type locus, the b locus [4,5]. The b locus encodes two homeodomain proteins that function as The generation of Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) is an transcriptional regulators after dimerization. The majority efficient tool to discover novel genes and investigate their of sexual basidiomycete fungi possess such a system called expression at different developmental stages (e.g., "tetrapolar", where a and b unlinked loci (respectively [14,15]). Therefore, a cDNA library has been built from called B and A in some species) are both involved in sex- pools of mating haploid cells and growing infectious ual compatibility and are often multiallelic [5,6]. Other hyphae for a single dikaryotic isolate of M. violaceum col- members of this phylum are "bipolar", due to the a and b lected from the host plant species Silene latifolia. Genes loci being tightly linked (e.g. in U. hordei, [7]) or due to involved in mating and during early pathogenic develop- one of the two mating type loci having lost their role in ment were expected to be expressed under these condi- mating type specificity (e.g. in Coprinellus disseminatus, tions because they represent the mating and infectious [8]). Tetrapolarity is likely ancestral [9] and promotes out- stages. We generated 24,128 ESTs from this library, on crossing as it increases the number of available mating which we performed similarity searches in order to iden- type. The study of mating-type loci is important for under- tify genes with functions known as important for these standing the infection process and the evolution of mat- developmental stages. ing systems in basidiomycetes. Results and discussion A widely recognized model to study host-pathogen coev- EST sequence analysis olution and fungal genetics is the anther smut fungus The cDNA library created from poly(A)+mRNA from Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.) Deml and Oberw. (for- seven days-old mixed A1 and A2 cultures produced merly Ustilago violacea (Pers.) Fuckel), which is a basidio- enough material to sequence 40,000 clones. A total of mycete, obligate parasite of more than 100 perennial 28,430 sequences were obtained (success rate of 71%) species of Caryophyllaceae [10]. In plants infected by M. with an average read length of 815 bp, which is similar to violaceum, fungal teliospores are produced in anthers and the EST library of U. maydis [14]. Some ribosomal (n = diseased plants are usually completely sterilized, the pol- 109), mitochondrial (n = 16) and vector (n = 14) len being replaced by fungal spores and the stigmas and sequences were identified. After discarding them, a total ovaries being reduced. New infections occur when fungal of 24,128 ESTs were obtained (85% of the initial spores are transported from a diseased to a healthy plant sequences). After trimming vector and low quality by the insects that usually serve as pollinators. Once sequences, the average cDNA read was not very long, with deposited on a host plant, diploid teliospores undergo 345 ± 167 bases (mean ± SD). We indeed did not select meiosis and give rise to four haploid cells, two of mating the sizes of mRNA, as recommended for normalized type A1 and two of mating-type A2, M. violaceum having a libraries. bipolar mating system. Each of these post-meiotic cells can buds off yeast-like sporidia on the plant surface. New These 24,128 ESTs were assembled into 4,178 contigs infectious dikaryons are produced only after conjugation while 3,587 remained as singlets (Figure 1). This corre- of two cells of opposite mating-types [11]. The fungus sponds to a redundancy of 85% (number of ESTs assem- then grows endophytically and causes perennial systemic bled in clusters/total number of ESTs), which is very high infections.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Natural Enemies and Sex: How Seed Predators and Pathogens Contribute to Sex-Differential Reproductive Success in a Gynodioecious Plant
    Oecologia (2002) 131:94–102 DOI 10.1007/s00442-001-0854-8 PLANT ANIMAL INTERACTIONS C.L. Collin · P. S. Pennings · C. Rueffler · A. Widmer J.A. Shykoff Natural enemies and sex: how seed predators and pathogens contribute to sex-differential reproductive success in a gynodioecious plant Received: 3 May 2001 / Accepted: 5 November 2001 / Published online: 14 December 2001 © Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract In insect-pollinated plants flowers must bal- Introduction ance the benefits of attracting pollinators with the cost of attracting natural enemies, when these respond to floral Flowering plants have many different reproductive sys- traits. This dilemma can have important evolutionary tems, the most predominant being hermaphroditism, consequences for mating-system evolution and polymor- which is found in 72% of all species (Klinkhamer and de phisms for floral traits. We investigate the benefits and Jong 1997). However, unisexuality or dioecy has risks associated with flower size and sex morph variation evolved many times, with gynodioecy – the coexistence in Dianthus sylvestris, a gynodioecious species with pis- of female and hermaphrodite individuals within a species – tillate flowers that are much smaller than perfect flowers. seen as a possible intermediate state between hermaphro- We found that this species is mainly pollinated by noc- ditism and dioecy (Darwin 1888; Thomson and Brunet turnal pollinators, probably moths of the genus Hadena, 1990). Delannay (1978) estimates that 10% of all angio- that also oviposit in flowers and whose caterpillars feed sperm species have this reproductive system, which is on developing fruits and seeds. Hadena preferred larger widespread in the Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae (Darwin flowers as oviposition sites, and flowers in which Hadena 1888), and Caryophyllaceae (Desfeux et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution and Host Range of Thecaphora Melandrii, with First Records for Britain
    KEW BULLETIN (2020) 75:39 ISSN: 0075-5974 (print) DOI 10.1007/S12225-020-09895-3 ISSN: 1874-933X (electronic) The distribution and host range of Thecaphora melandrii, with first records for Britain Paul A. Smith1 , Matthias Lutz2 & Marcin Piątek3 Summary. Thecaphora melandrii (Syd.) Vánky & M.Lutz infects species in the Caryophyllacaeae forming sori with spore balls in the floral organs. We report new finds from Britain, supported by phylogenetic analysis, that confirm its occurrence on Silene uniflora Roth. We review published and web accessible records and note the relatively few records of this smut, its sparse distribution, confined to Europe but scattered predominantly from central to eastern Europe. Analysis of the rDNA ITS and 28S sequences demonstrates little variability among specimens, even those parasitising different host genera, which suggests that the species has evolved relatively recently. Some Microbotryum species infect the same host plants, and we found two species, M. lagerheimii Denchev and M. silenes- inflatae (DC. ex Liro) G.Deml & Oberw., in the same locations as T. melandrii, identified by morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. These species may form a stable multi-species community of parasites of Silene uniflora. Key Words. Caryophyllaceae, gall, Glomosporiaceae, Microbotryum, Silene uniflora, smut. Introduction Caryophyllaceae, and specifically on T. melandrii (Syd.) The Caryophyllaceae is a large family of dicotyledonous Vánky & M.Lutz. Vánky (2012) lists five species of plants (Greenberg & Donoghue 2011), and its species Thecaphora with hosts in this family, all destroying the are hosts for many plant-parasitic microfungi, among inner floral organs; most remain within the outer floral them at least 38 species of smut fungi assigned to the envelope (the calyx), but T.
    [Show full text]
  • Anther Smuts of Caryophyllaceae: Molecular Characters Indicate Host-Dependent Species Delimitation+
    Mycological Progress 4(3): 225–238, August 2005 225 Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae: molecular characters indicate host-dependent species delimitation+ Matthias LUTZ1,*, Markus GÖKER1, Marcin PIATEK2, Martin KEMLER1, Dominik BEGEROW1, and Franz OBERWINKLER1 Phylogenetic relationships of Microbotryum species (Urediniomycetes, Basidiomycota) inhabiting anthers of Caryophyllaceae were investigated by molecular analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and collections from different host plants. The data show that the current taxonomy of Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae is only partly satisfactory. Micro- botryum violaceum is confirmed to be a paraphyletic grouping and is split up in monophyletic groups. Microbotryum silenes- inflatae and M. violaceo-verrucosum appear as polyphyletic. Host data are in good agreement with molecular results. Two new species, Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum and M. saponariae, are described based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. An emended circumscription of Microbotryum dianthorum is given. The name Ustilago major (= Microbotryum major) is lectotypified. Taxonomic novelties: Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum M. Lutz, Göker, M. Piatek, Kemler, Begerow et Oberw.; Microbotryum saponariae M. Lutz, Göker, M. Piatek, Kemler, Begerow et Oberw. Keywords: anther parasites, ITS, Microbotryum, molecular analysis, smut fungi, Urediniomycetes n the current classification of Microbotryum (VÁNKY ecological factors (e.g., THRALL, BIERE & ANTONOVICS 1993) 1998), 15 species on Caryophyllaceae are accepted, eight and numerous publications dealt with population studies (e.g., I of which occur in the host’s anthers, more rarely also in LEE 1981; MILLER ALEXANDER & ANTONOVICS 1995; MILLER other floral parts. These anther parasites exhibit a couple of ALEXANDER et al. 1996), including investigations in recent outstanding features. Infected anthers become completely host shifts (ANTONOVICS, HOOD & PARTAIN 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Microbotryum Scorzonerae</I>
    MYCOTAXON Volume 108, pp. 245–247 April–June 2009 Microbotryum scorzonerae (Microbotryaceae), new to China, on a new host plant Tiezhi Liu1, Huimin Tian1, Shuanghui He2, 3 & Lin Guo2* 1 [email protected] *[email protected] 1Department of Life Sciences, Chifeng College Inner Mongolia, Chifeng 024000, China 2Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101, China 3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China Abstract — A new Chinese record, Microbotryum scorzonerae on Scorzonera albicaulis, is provided. It was collected from Saihanwula National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in northern China. Key words — Microbotryales, Microbotryum piperi, smut fungi, taxonomy A specimen of Microbotryum on Scorzonera albicaulis was collected from Saihanwula National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the north of China in 2008. This species, which is parasitic on floral heads of host plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, has been identified as Microbotryum scorzonerae, a species new to China. Microbotryum scorzonerae has never previously been reported with S. albicaulis as host. Microbotryum scorzonerae (Alb. & Schwein.) G. Deml & Prillinger, in Prillinger, et al., Bot. Acta 104(1): 10, 1991. Figs. 1–4 ≡Uredo tragopogonis ββ scorzonerae Alb. & Schwein., Consp. Fung. Lusat. p. 130, 1805. ≡Ustilago scorzonerae (Alb. & Schwein.) J. Schröt., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3(1): 274, 1887. ≡Bauhinus scorzonerae (Alb. & Schwein.) R.T. Moore, Mycotaxon 45: 99, 1992. Sori in the floral heads. Spore mass powdery, blackish-violet. Ustilospores when young agglutinated in loose, irregular groups, later single, globose, subglobose, *corresponding author 246 ... Liu & al.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Distribution of Microbotryum Pinguiculae, a Species of Smut Fungi New for the Carpathians
    Polish Botanical Journal 50(2): 153–158, 2005 TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MICROBOTRYUM PINGUICULAE, A SPECIES OF SMUT FUNGI NEW FOR THE CARPATHIANS MARCIN PIĄTEK, WIESŁAW MUŁENKO, JOLANTA PIĄTEK & KAMILA BACIGÁLOVÁ Abstract. Microbotryum pinguiculae (Rostr.) Vánky on Pinguicula alpina L., a rarely collected smut fungus belonging to the genus Microbotryales in the class Urediniomycetes, is reported for the fi rst time from the Carpathians as well as from Poland and Slovakia. The species is described and illustrated by a drawing of infected plants and SEM micrographs of spores. Microbotryum pinguiculae is a very rare fungus parasitizing various species of Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae). It is known from Europe, Asia and North America, where it shows a true arctic-alpine type of distribution. Taxonomically its generic position is not completely stabilized and needs further studies employing modern techniques (e.g., molecular, ultrastructural). Key words: Microbotryum, Pinguicula alpina, smut fungi, Microbotryales, Urediniomycetes, Carpathians, Poland, Slovakia Marcin Piątek, Department of Mycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Wiesław Mułenko, Department of General Botany, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL-20-033 Lublin, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Jolanta Piątek, Department of Phycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Kamila Bacigálová, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-845-23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION In the current circumscription, the smut genus species occurs in other populations of Pinguicula Microbotryum Lév.
    [Show full text]
  • Publis16-Bgpi-002 Eberlein Dis
    Distribution and population structure of the anther smut Microbotryum silenes-acaulis parasitizing an arctic-alpine plant Britta Bueker, Chris Eberlein, Pierre Gladieux, Angela Schaefer, Alodie Snirc, Dominic J. Bennett, Dominik Begerow, Michael E. Hood, Tatiana Giraud To cite this version: Britta Bueker, Chris Eberlein, Pierre Gladieux, Angela Schaefer, Alodie Snirc, et al.. Distribution and population structure of the anther smut Microbotryum silenes-acaulis parasitizing an arctic-alpine plant. Molecular Ecology, Wiley, 2016, 25 (3), pp.811–824. 10.1111/mec.13512. hal-01497390 HAL Id: hal-01497390 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01497390 Submitted on 28 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Received Date : 08-Jul-2015 Revised Date : 02-Nov-2015 Accepted Date : 26-Nov-2015 Article type : Original Article Distribution and population structure of the anther smut Microbotryum silenes-acaulis parasitizing an arctic-alpine plant Britta Bueker*1,2, Chris Eberlein*1,3, Pierre Gladieux*4,5, Angela Schaefer1, Alodie Snirc4, Dominic
    [Show full text]
  • Anther Smuts of Caryophyllaceae. Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Problems in Species Delimitation *
    MYCOLOGIA BALCANICA 1: 189–191 (2004) 189 Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae. Taxonomy, nomenclature, problems in species delimitation * Kálmán Vánky Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky (H.U.V.), Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]) Received: September 5, 2004 / Accepted: September 24, 2004 Abstract. After a short historical review, taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Microbotryum in general, and those of the anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae in special, are presented. Problems in species delimitation of these smut fungi are discussed, which is still not solved satisfactorily. Until a better classifi cation of the anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae will be elaborated, the use of the name of M. violaceum s. lat. is proposed for M. dianthorum, M. lychnidis-dioicae, M. silenes-infl atae, Ustilago coronariae, U. silenes-nutantis, and U. superba. Key words: anther smuts, Caryophyllaceae, Microbotryum violaceum, smut fungi, species delimitation, taxonomy Motto:Recognise what you are working with Th e anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae are among the oldest taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of Microbotryum Lév. described smut fungi. In 1797, the fungus in the anthers of (Léveillé 1847: 372), emend. Vánky (1998: 39) was published Silene nutans was named by Persoon Uredo violacea. Since by me (Vánky 1998) in a monograph of the genus. It would that, its name and place in the classifi catory system was also take too long to show how the number of species of changed several times. It was called Ustilago violacea (Pers. : Microbotryum increased to 76 at present, on 7 host plant Pers.) Roussel (1806: 47), Caeoma violaceum (Pers.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Flora Checklist a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium
    Washington Flora Checklist A checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium The Washington Flora Checklist aims to be a complete list of the native and naturalized vascular plants of Washington State, with current classifications, nomenclature and synonymy. The checklist currently contains 3,929 terminal taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Taxa included in the checklist: * Native taxa whether extant, extirpated, or extinct. * Exotic taxa that are naturalized, escaped from cultivation, or persisting wild. * Waifs (e.g., ballast plants, escaped crop plants) and other scarcely collected exotics. * Interspecific hybrids that are frequent or self-maintaining. * Some unnamed taxa in the process of being described. Family classifications follow APG IV for angiosperms, PPG I (J. Syst. Evol. 54:563?603. 2016.) for pteridophytes, and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55?70. 2011.) for gymnosperms, with a few exceptions. Nomenclature and synonymy at the rank of genus and below follows the 2nd Edition of the Flora of the Pacific Northwest except where superceded by new information. Accepted names are indicated with blue font; synonyms with black font. Native species and infraspecies are marked with boldface font. Please note: This is a working checklist, continuously updated. Use it at your discretion. Created from the Washington Flora Checklist Database on September 17th, 2018 at 9:47pm PST. Available online at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/waflora/checklist.php Comments and questions should be addressed to the checklist administrators: David Giblin ([email protected]) Peter Zika ([email protected]) Suggested citation: Weinmann, F., P.F. Zika, D.E. Giblin, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Pucciniomycotina: Microbotryum) Reflect Phylogenetic Patterns of Their Caryophyllaceous Hosts
    Org Divers Evol (2013) 13:111–126 DOI 10.1007/s13127-012-0115-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Contrasting phylogenetic patterns of anther smuts (Pucciniomycotina: Microbotryum) reflect phylogenetic patterns of their caryophyllaceous hosts Martin Kemler & María P. Martín & M. Teresa Telleria & Angela M. Schäfer & Andrey Yurkov & Dominik Begerow Received: 29 December 2011 /Accepted: 2 October 2012 /Published online: 6 November 2012 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2012 Abstract Anther smuts in the genus Microbotryum often is a factor that should be taken into consideration in delimitat- show very high host specificity toward their caryophyllaceous ing species. Parasites on Dianthus showed mainly an arbitrary hosts, but some of the larger host groups such as Dianthus are distribution on Dianthus hosts, whereas parasites on other crucially undersampled for these parasites so that the question Caryophyllaceae formed well-supported monophyletic clades of host specificity cannot be answered conclusively. In this that corresponded to restricted host groups. The same pattern study we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was observed in the Caryophyllaceae studied: morphological- region of members of the Microbotryum dianthorum species ly described Dianthus species did not correspond well with complex as well as their Dianthus hosts. We compared phy- monophyletic clades based on molecular data, whereas other logenetic trees of these parasites including sequences of anther Caryophyllaceae mainly did. We suggest that these different smuts from other Caryophyllaceae, mainly Silene,withphy- patterns primarily result from different breeding systems and logenies of Caryophyllaceae that are known to harbor anther speciation times between different host groups as well as smuts. Additionally we tested whether observed patterns in difficulties in species delimitations in the genus Dianthus.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbotryum Savilei Sp. Nov. (Microbotryaceae)
    MYCOLOGIA BALCANICA 4: 69–73 (2007) 69 Microbotryum savilei sp. nov. (Microbotryaceae) Cvetomir M. Denchev Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Sofi a 1113, Bulgaria (e-mail: cmdenchev@ yahoo.co.uk) Received 11 June 2007 / Accepted 17 June 2007 Abstract. A new anther smut fungus on Silene uralensis, Microbotryum savilei, is described and illustrated from Canada. Key words: Canada, Caryophyllaceae, Lychnis apetala, Microbotryum majus, Silene otites, Silene uralensis, smut fungi Introduction Taxonomic status of Microbotryum species destroying anthers and ovaries of Silene Th e taxonomic status of smut fungi classifi ed in Microbotryum that destroy both the anthers and ovaries of species of Silene, is Among the Canadian specimens of anther smuts on Silene discussed and a new species on Silene uralensis, Microbotryum uralensis subsp. uralensis (as Lychnis apetala L. var. arctica (Fr.) savilei, is described and illustrated. Cody), obtained for examination from DAOM, two species of Microbotryum were observed: one species showed the typical symptoms of infection by Microbotryum violaceum, Materials and Methods and another species (represented by two specimens) showed symptoms of infection similar to that caused by M. majus, Material from the herbaria of BPI, COLO, DAOM, F, FH, namely deformed fl owers, calyces full of smut spores, with GZU, H, ILL, KSC, M, MA, MICH, NY, S, SOMF, and anthers and ovaries virtually destroyed. Th ese two specimens UC was examined by light microscopy (LM) and with the were found to have smaller fl owers (than those infected scanning electron microscope (SEM). Herbaria abbreviations with M. violaceum and collected in the same area), with a follow Holmgren & Holmgren (1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Elevational Disease Distribution in a Natural Plant– Pathogen System: Insights from Changes Across Host Populations and Climate
    Oikos 123: 1126–1136, 2014 doi: 10.1111/oik.01001 © 2014 Th e Authors. Oikos © 2014 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Anna-Liisa Laine. Accepted 14 February 2014 Elevational disease distribution in a natural plant – pathogen system: insights from changes across host populations and climate Jessica L. Abbate and Janis Antonovics J. L. Abbate ([email protected]), Centre d ’ É cologie Fonctionelle et É volutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, FR-34293, Montpellier, France. – J. Antonovics, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. Understanding the factors determining the distribution of parasites and pathogens in natural systems is essential for making predictions about the spread of emerging infectious disease. Here, we report the distribution of the fungal anther-smut disease, caused by Microbotryum spp., on populations of the European wildfl ower Silene vulgaris over a range of elevations. A survey of several geographically distinct mountains in the southern French alps found that anther- smut disease was restricted to high elevations, rarely observed below 1300 m despite availability of hosts below this elevation. Anther smut causes host-sterility, and is recognized as a model system for natural host – pathogen interactions, sharing common features with vector-borne and sexually-transmitted disease in animals. In such systems, many biotic and abiotic factors likely to change over ecological gradients can infl uence disease epidemiology, including host spatial structure, pathogen infectivity, host resistance, and vector behavior. Here, we tested whether host population size, density, or connectivity also declined across elevation, and whether these epidemiologically relevant factors explained the observed disease distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Functional Characterization of Effectors from an Anther Smut Fungus, Microbotryum Lychnidis-Dioicae
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2018 Identification and functional characterization of effectors from an anther smut fungus, Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae. Venkata Swathi Kuppireddy University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Molecular Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Kuppireddy, Venkata Swathi, "Identification and functional characterization of effectors from an anther smut fungus, Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae." (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3078. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/3078 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF EFFECTORS FROM AN ANTHER SMUT FUNGUS, MICROBOTRYUM LYCHNIDIS-DIOICAE By Venkata Swathi Kuppireddy M.Sc., Biology, University of Louisville, 2016 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Department of Biology, Division of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky December 2018 Copyright 2018 by Venkata Swathi Kuppireddy © All rights reserved IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF EFFECTORS FROM AN ANTHER SMUT FUNGUS, MICROBOTRYUM LYCHNIDIS-DIOICAE By Venkata Swathi Kuppireddy M.Sc., Biology, University of Louisville, 2016 A Dissertation Approved on November 14, 2018 By the following Dissertation Committee: _________________________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]