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Real-Time River Channel-Bed Monitoring at the Chariton and Mississippi Rivers in Missouri, 2007–09

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Real-Time River Channel-Bed Monitoring at the Chariton and Mississippi Rivers in Missouri, 2007–09 U.S. Geological Survey Geological U.S. DepartmentInterior the U.S. of 2009–5254 Report Investigations Scientific 2007–09 Missouri, in Rivers Mississippi and Chariton the at Monitoring Channel-Bed River Real-Time Transportation of Department Missouri the with cooperation in Prepared RIVER STAGE ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE ZERO GAGE 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 21 222324252627282930311234567 2007 AUGUST 2007 SEPTEMBER Channel bed River stage 8 626.5 627.0 627.5 628.0 628.5 629.0 629.5 630.0 630.5 631.0 631.5 CHANNEL-BED ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 Cover photograph. River channel-bed monitor installation and channel-bed elevation at the downstream side of the upstream column of pier 4 and river stage from August 21 through September 9, 2007, for the Chariton River near Prairie Hill, Missouri (structure L-344). Photograph by Paul H. Rydlund, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey. Real-Time River Channel-Bed Monitoring at the Chariton and Mississippi Rivers in Missouri, 2007–09 By Paul H. Rydlund, Jr. Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5254 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Rydlund, P.H., Jr., 2009, Real-time river channel-bed monitoring at the Chariton and Mississippi Rivers in Missouri, 2007–09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5254, 27 p. ISBN 978–1–4113–2634–7 iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................4 Description of River Channel-Bed Monitors ....................................................................................4 River Channel-Bed Monitor Installation and Data Collection ................................................................4 Chariton River near Prairie Hill (Structure L-344) ............................................................................4 Chariton River at Novinger (Structure L-534) ...................................................................................7 Mississippi River at Mehlville (Structures A-1850 and A-4936) ....................................................7 River Channel-Bed Monitor Results .........................................................................................................11 Chariton River near Prairie Hill (Structure L-344) ..........................................................................11 Chariton River at Novinger (Structure L-534) .................................................................................13 Mississippi River at Mehlville (Structures A-1850 and A-4936) ..................................................18 River Channel-Bed Monitor Uncertainty and Limitations .....................................................................18 Summary and Conclusions .........................................................................................................................26 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................27 Figures 1. Map showing location of river channel-bed monitors in Missouri ......................................2 2. Internal configuration, installation, and data dissemination of a river channel-bed monitor ............................................................................................................................................3 3. Graph showing cross sections from historic flood measurements made at the downstream face of structure L-344 crossing the Chariton River near Prairie Hill, Missouri ..........................................................................................................................................5 4. Photgraphs showing installation of a river channel-bed monitor on structure L-344 over the Chariton River near Prairie Hill, Missouri .................................................................6 5. Graph showing cross sections from historic flood measurements made at the downstream face of structure L-534 crossing the Chariton River at Novinger, Missouri ..........................................................................................................................................8 6. Photgraphs showing installation of river channel-bed monitors on structure L-534 over the Chariton River at Novinger, Missouri .........................................................................9 7. Predicted contraction and pier scour depths based on the 1993 flood for piers 1 through 14 and river channel-bed monitor design at pier 12 at structures A-1850 and A-4936 over the Mississippi River at Mehlville ..............................................................10 8. Photgraphs showing installation of river channel-bed monitors on structures A-1850 and A-4936 over the Mississippi River at Mehlville, Missouri ...............................12 9–10. Graphs showing— 9. River channel-bed elevation at the downstream side of the upstream column of pier 4 and river stage from August 21, 2007, through August 21, 2009, for the Chariton River near Prairie Hill, Missouri (structure L-344) ........................................14 10. River channel-bed elevation at the downstream side of the upstream and downstream columns of pier 7 and river stage from May 22, 2008, through August 22, 2009, for the Chariton River at Novinger, Missouri (structure L-534) ....19 iv 11–13. Graphs showing— 11. River channel-bed elevation at the downstream nose of pier 12 and river stage from October 24, 2008, through August 24, 2009, for the Mississippi River near Mehlville, Missouri (structures A-1850 and A-4936) ................................22 12. River channel-bed elevation at the upstream nose of pier 12 and river stage during the period of October 24, 2008, through December 31, 2008, for the Mississippi River near Mehlville, Missouri (structures A-1850 and A-4936) .................................................................................................................................24 13. Bathymetric surveys conducted October 2, 2008, May 13, 2009, and July 8, 2009, using multibeam sonar at the Mississippi River near Mehlville, Missouri (structures A-1850 and A-4936) .......................................................................................25 Table 1. Depth soundings near locations of river channel-bed monitors on the downstream side of the indicated column of bridges on the Chariton River in Missouri ......................13 Conversion Factors Inch/Pound to SI Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Flow rate foot per second (ft/s) 0.3048 meter per second (m/s) cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s) hertz (Hz) 0.001 kilohertz (kHz) Left and right pertain to an observer facing downstream. Vertical coordinate information is referenced and noted as either “National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929” (NGVD 29) or the “North American Vertical Datum of 1988” (NAVD 88). Elevation, as used in this report, refers to the distance above the vertical datum. Real-Time River Channel-Bed Monitoring at the Chariton and Mississippi Rivers in Missouri, 2007–09 By Paul H. Rydlund, Jr. Abstract Introduction Scour and depositional responses to hydrologic events Channel-bed dynamics of scour and deposition are have been important to the scientific community studying natural phenomena in alluvial systems in which bed and bank sediment transport as well as potential effects on bridges materials erode and re-deposit through the action of moving and other hydraulic structures within riverine systems. water. For a given hydrographic event, bed scouring is typi- A river channel-bed monitor composed of a single-beam cally observed on the rising limb of the hydrograph. At some transducer was installed on a bridge crossing the Chariton point beyond the peak of the hydrograph, deposition begins River near Prairie Hill, Missouri (structure L-344) as a to occur on the receding limb. The addition of a hydraulic pilot study to evaluate channel-bed change in response to structure, such as a bridge, exacerbates scouring conditions the hydrologic condition disseminated from an existing due to a change in flow area and
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