20 CALIFORNIA ANNUAL REPORT
SUBMITTED BY Mattress Recycling Council California, LLC 501 Wythe Street Alexandria, VA 22314
SUBMITTED TO Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) 17 1001 I Street Sacramento, CA 95812
SUBMITTED ON July 1, 2018
REVISED ON Oct. 22, 2018
MRC received nearly 1.3 million units and diverted nearly 40 million pounds of material from disposal. This Report is organized to follow the individual provisions of 14 CCR § 18964(b) as follows:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contact Information 14 CCR § 18964(b)(1) ...... 5
Executive Summary 14 CCR § 18964(b)(2) ...... 6
Registered Manufacturers, Renovators, Retailers & Brands 14 CCR § 18964(b)(4) ...... 12
Used Mattress Collection, Transport & Processing 14 CCR § 18964(b)(3, 5, & 6)...... 14
Coordination with Existing Infrastructure 14 CCR § 18964(b)(7)...... 20
Program Objectives & Activities 14 CCR § 18964(b)(8) ...... 24 Program Objectives & Progress ...... 25 Quantitative Information on Subdivisions (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (j) of Section 42990.1 of the Public Resources Code ...... 34 (b) Quantity of mattresses disposed of in solid waste landfills ...... 34 (c) Quantity of discarded used mattresses collected for recycling in the program ...... 34 (d) Quantity of used mattresses collected for recycling from different categories of sources ...... 34 (e) Quantity of each category of materials recycled ...... 35 (f) Uses for the recycled materials ...... 36 (g) Quantity of otherwise disposed of materials ...... 39 (j) Total volume, number, and weight of used mattresses collected recycled, renovated, and reused ...... 47
– 3 – TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Qualitative and/or Quantitative Information on Subdivisions (g), (l), and (m) of Section 42987.1 of the Public Resources Code ...... 49 (g) Research to improve used mattress collection, dismantling, and recycling operations ...... 49 (l) Participation of urban and rural local governments and permitted solid waste facilities in efforts to collect illegally dumped mattresses ...... 53 (m) Collection of used mattresses from low-income communities ...... 59
Financing Mechanism 14 CCR § 18964(b)(9) ...... 62 Revenue from the Mattress Recycling Charge ...... 63 Capital Costs ...... 64 Education/Outreach Costs ...... 64 End-of-Life Used Mattress Management Costs ...... 65 Program Administration Costs ...... 67 Reserves ...... 69
Education & Outreach 14 CCR § 18964(b)(10) ...... 72
Audits 14 CCR §18964(b)(11) ...... 96
Advisory Committee Report 14 CCR § 18964(b)(12) ...... 98
APPENDIX A • Registered Manufacturers, Renovators & Retailers, and Brands ...... 101
APPENDIX B • Collection Sites, Recycling Facilities & Collection Events ...... 180
APPENDIX C • Program Operations Materials ...... 193
APPENDIX D • Education And Outreach Examples ...... 206
APPENDIX E • 2017 MRC Independent Financial Audit ...... 218
APPENDIX F • Advisory Committee Report ...... 256
– 4 – Contact Information 14 CCR § 18964(b)(1)
CONTACT INFORMATION 14 CCR § 18964(b)(1)
CALRECYCLE REGULATIONS 14 CCR § 18964(b)(1) — Contact information. Identify the corporate officer of the mattress recycling organization responsible for annual report submittal.
Ryan Trainer, President Mattress Recycling Council California, LLC 501 Wythe Street Alexandria, VA 22314 [email protected] Phone 1.855.229.1691 Executive Summary 14 CCR § 18964(b)(2)
CALRECYCLE REGULATIONS 14 CCR § 18964(b)(2) — The purpose of the Executive Summary is to provide a broad understanding of the mattress recycling organization’s program as a whole and to put into context the data and information that will follow. Provide a brief description of the mattress recycling organization’s used mattress recovery efforts during the calendar year pursuant to section 18962.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14 CCR § 18964(b)(2)
Overview of the Mattress and Recovery (CalRecycle) certified Recycling Council California, the Council as the mattress recycling LLC organization on July 2, 2014. On July California’s Used Mattress Recovery & 1, 2015, the Council proposed a Recycling Act, SB 254 (as amended), statewide mattress recycling plan (the Cal. Pub. Res. Code § 42985 (the Plan), budget, and recycling charge. Code), requires that mattress CalRecycle conditionally approved the producers, through a certified Plan and approved the initial budget “mattress recycling organization,” and recycling charge on October 1, create a statewide recycling program 2015, and formally approved the Plan (the Program) to collect mattresses on January 29, 2016. As required by and foundations (units) discarded in the Code, the Council launched the the state. The Code also provides that Program on December 30, 2015, 90 the Program will be funded by a visible days after CalRecycle conditionally recycling charge collected from approved the Plan. consumers and other purchasers on In addition to California, the Council the sale of each mattress and also administers statewide mattress foundation purchased for use in the recycling programs in two other states state, combat illegal dumping, and — Connecticut and Rhode Island. educate consumers and the industry Each of the three state programs has about the Code and benefits of similar objectives: mattress recycling. • Develop an effective statewide The International Sleep Products network of mattress collection and Association created the Mattress recycling locations Recycling Council (the Council), a non-profit organization under Section • Increase the number of mattresses 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue recycled in each state Code of 1986, to develop and administer the Program. The California Department of Resources Recycling
– 7 – • Reduce the impact of illegally Increased number of mattresses dumped mattresses on local collected and recycled communities • The Program collected nearly 1.3 • Educate consumers, retailers, and million mattress and foundation units other stakeholders about the in 2017, surpassing the number of Program units collected in 2016 by 35%.
• Minimize recycling costs for • The weight of material recycled consumers and governments also increased by 35% in 2017 to nearly 40 million pounds. Effective July 1, 2017, the Council created for each state program • A key to these increases was MRC’s separate limited liability companies in success in expanding its collection which the Council is the sole member, network throughout the state, and transferred all functions related to including both rural and urban areas. the Program to the Mattress Recycling In 2017, MRC added 43 collection Council California, LLC (MRC).1 sites to the Program, and hosted or participated in 74 community In promoting the Program among mattress collection events. By year consumers, MRC has branded itself as end, MRC's 165 collection sites and “Bye Bye Mattress.” 74 events served 53 out of California's 58 counties. This is a Second Year Program 39% growth from 2017 versus 2016. Highlights This growth has continued in 2018, In 2017, MRC focused on expanding with MRC now serving 56 counties. the collection network, increasing the number of mattresses collected and • MRC’s Illegally Dumped Mattress processed, expanding participation in Collection Initiative collected data the Illegally Dumped Mattress that will help MRC understand Collection Initiative, and improving where and how often illegal MRC’s communications with mattress dumping occurs. In 2017, 47 retailers and consumers. entities participated in this initiative (up by nearly 20% compared to Major accomplishments and activities 2016), increasing the number of in 2017 included: dumped units removed from California public spaces and rights- of-way by 77%. In addition to these significant year-over-year improvements, MRC has also
1 For simplicity, the term MRC includes California activities of the Council from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2017, and of MRC from July 1, 2017 until December 31, 2017.
– 8 – substantially increased the funding • To improve MRC’s and for this effort in hopes that it will CalRecycle’s ability to coordinate continue to grow in 2018. their independent enforcement activities, MRC developed an • More California residents information sharing process to help participated in MRC’s consumer CalRecycle’s enforcement team drop off incentive, with the number identify non-compliant retailers. of units collected in this manner increasing by 66% over 2016. • MRC meets monthly with CalRecycle staff to share Enforcement of retailer, information about progress made renovator, and manufacturer with industry registrations, discuss registration and other the status of pending compliance obligations improved issues, and receive feedback from • CalRecycle enforces compliance CalRecycle’s site inspections. by mattress retailers, renovators, Increased consumer and manufacturers with their legal obligations to register with MRC awareness of MRC’s Program and to report and remit to MRC the and activities recycling charge that they collect • MRC conducted advertising from consumers. In 2017, MRC campaigns in cities throughout sought CalRecycle’s assistance to California to promote the collection determine whether nearly 200 sites and local mattress collection parties that MRC staff had events in which MRC participated. identified as potentially • In 2017, MRC increased its earned manufacturing, renovating, or media activities in California, selling mattresses in California, but highlighting for example new that either did not respond to collection sites, upcoming MRC’s efforts to contact them or collection events, and the benefits expressly refused to register with of mattress recycling. MRC MRC, were not complying with the estimates its 2017 earned media Code. By the end of 2017, 90% of value at approximately $500,000, a those entities either registered with 141% increase over 2016. MRC or demonstrated that they were not obligated to do so. • MRC expanded its consumer communications reach in 2017 by • CalRecycle’s enforcement team increasing its use of public service also provided site inspections to announcements and maximizing its verify retailers’ compliance with the Google AdWords grant. Combined, no-cost mattress take back these activities garnered MRC requirements in the Code.
– 9 – approximately $173,000 in springs, or other materials, used alone equivalent advertising expenditures. or in combination.
• ByeByeMattress.com’s number of “Mattress” means a resilient material users increased 98% from 2016. or combination of materials that is enclosed by a ticking, is used alone or • In 2017, MRC created and launched in combination with other products, a community event booth tour to and is intended for or promoted for promote the Program at seven large sleeping upon. community events held throughout the state that were attended by over “Mattress” includes a foundation and a 200,000 California residents. renovated mattress or renovated foundation. • MRC expanded its online and social media marketing to include “Mattress” does not include the Google Display ads. following:
• MRC’s educational and A. An unattached mattress pad promotional activities have paid off, unattached mattress topper, as demonstrated by the fact that including items with resilient filling, 60% of participants in a May 2018 with or without ticking, intended to survey were aware a mattress be used with or on top of a mattress. could be recycled in California. B. A sleeping bag or pillow. Report Overview C. A car bed, crib, or bassinet Section 42990.1 of the Code requires mattress. that MRC submit to CalRecycle by July 1 of each year a report that includes the D. Juvenile products, including a information described in Subsections carriage, basket, dressing table, (a) through (n) of that provision for the stroller, playpen, infant carrier, preceding calendar year. The recycling lounge pad, or crib bumper, and the data included in this Report pertains to pads for those juvenile products. calendar year 2017 (that is, January 1–December 31, 2017). E. A product containing liquid-and gaseous-filled ticking, including a The following terms defined in Section waterbed and air mattress that 42986 of the Code are relevant to this does not contain upholstery Report: material between the ticking and the mattress core. “Foundation” means a ticking-covered structure used to support a mattress or F. Upholstered furniture that does not sleep surface. The structure may otherwise contain a detachable include constructed frames, foam, box
– 10 – mattress or that is a fold out sofa “Renovate” or “renovation” does not bed or futon. include any of the following:
“Recycle” or “recycling” means the A. Stripping a mattress of its ticking or process of collecting, sorting, filling without adding new material. cleansing, treating, and reconstituting materials that would otherwise become B. Sterilizing or sanitizing a mattress solid waste, and returning them to the without otherwise altering the economic mainstream in the form of mattress. raw material for new, reused, or C. Altering a mattress by a renovator reconstituted products which meet the when a person retains the altered quality standards necessary to be mattress for lease, rental, or used in the marketplace. “Recycling” personal use. does not include incineration, pyrolysis, distillation, or biological D. Refurbishing that disqualifies a conversion other than composting. mattress for a yellow wholesale renovator tag to be affixed to the “Recycler” means a person that mattress, in accordance with the engages in the manual or mechanical regulations adopted by the separation of mattresses to Department of Consumer Affairs. substantially recover components and commodities contained in mattresses “Renovator” means a person who for the purpose of reuse or recycling. renovates used mattresses for the purpose of sale, or offering for sale, in “Renovate” or “renovation” means this state. altering a used mattress for the purpose of resale and includes one or “Retailer” means a person who sells more of the following: mattresses in the state or offers to a consumer a mattress in the state A. Replacing the mattress, ticking, or through any means, including, but not filling. limited to, by remote offering, including B. Adding additional filling. sales outlets or catalogs, electronically through the Internet, by telephone, or C. Rebuilding a used mattress. through the mail.
D. Replacing components with new or In addition to the above statutory post-consumer materials unless definitions, MRC for ease of reference the material is a clean recycled has defined the term “unit” or “units” as material, consists of used used in this Report to be synonymous electronic parts or controls, or is a with the terms “Mattress” or used mattress base that is not “Mattresses,” respectively. covered by ticking.
– 11 – Registered Manufacturers, Renovators, Retailers & Brands 14 CCR § 18964(b)(4)
CALRECYCLE REGULATIONS 14 CCR § 18964(b)(4) — Include an updated list of participating manufacturers, renovators, and retailers and any updates to their respective contact information per section 18961(a)(2) and an updated list of brands covered under the plan per section 18961(a)(3).
REGISTERED MANUFACTURERS, RENOVATORS, RETAILERS & BRANDS REGISTERED MANUFACTURERS, RENOVATORS, RETAILERS & BRANDS 14 CCR § 18964(b)(4)
Appendix A contains a complete list of manufacturers, renovators, retailers, and brands that have registered with MRC as of May 15, 2018.
MRC also submits lists of registered manufacturers, renovators, retailers, and brands to CalRecycle monthly. See CalRecycle’s Mattress Product Management page at www.calrecycle.ca.gov/mattresses for current registration information.
– 13 – Used Mattress Collection, Transport & Processing 14 CCR § 18964(b)(3, 5, & 6)
CALRECYCLE REGULATIONS 14 CCR § 18964(b)(3) — A description of methods used to collect, transport, and process used mattresses in California.
18964(b)(5) — Description of how consumers of mattresses in California had an opportunity to recycle and properly manage their used mattresses, including number, location, and type of collection points in the Program.
18964(b)(6) — May include a description of activities to ensure proper collection and management of used mattresses.
USED MATTRESS COLLECTION, TRANSPORT & PROCESSING USED MATTRESS COLLECTION, TRANSPORT & PROCESSING 14 CCR § 18964(b)(3, 5, & 6)
Collection Network Growth • Asking their retailer to take back in 2017 the old unit when delivering a new MRC designed its collection network to one, build on the existing solid waste • Dropping off the old unit at a collection infrastructure in California. no-cost MRC collection site, Consumers have several options when discarding a used mattress, including: • Dropping off the old unit at an MRC FIGURE 1: MRC’s 2017 California Bye no-cost collection event or, Bye Mattress Program Collection Network • Dropping off the old unit at an MRC-contracted recycler to receive an incentive payment.
In 2017, MRC increased the number of California collection sites to 165, a 35% increase from 2016. MRC also participated in 74 community collection events — nearly 50% more than in 2016. By the end of 2017, a total of 239 mattress collection sites and events throughout California accepted mattresses from consumers free of charge. This is an overall growth of 39% in the collection network.
– 15 – Discarded Mattress discarded mattresses collected from Collection Channels in 2017 consumers. In some cases, these Using existing mattress collection trailers also served as no-cost drop-off methods and infrastructure, MRC in locations for residents in these areas. 2017 collected discarded mattresses Units collected from retailers through the channels discussed below. accounted for approximately 28% of California residents and businesses the units the Program recycled in 2017. can access more detailed information about these options at Consumer drop off at ByeByeMattress.com. permanent no-cost collection No-cost retailer take back sites In 2017, California retailers collected California consumers could discard discarded mattresses recycled through their used mattresses for recycling at the Program in two ways. First, a no-cost collection sites. Solid waste consumer could request that a retailer facilities comprise the majority of take back an old mattress at no-cost if MRC’s no-cost collection network, but the retailer sold and delivered a new locations also include other municipal mattress to the consumer (provided sites that accept mattresses consistent delivery was not by common carrier). with state solid waste regulations, as All mattress retailers could then deliver well as non-profit donation centers, the discarded units they collected commodity recycling locations (CRV/ directly to an MRC-contracted recycler Scrap metal recyclers), and mattress for no-cost recycling. retailers. In 2017, MRC increased its network of no-cost collection sites by 35% to 165 sites (see Appendix B).
In 2018, MRC continues to expand this network, with a focus on underserved areas of the state. Among other things, MRC will be evaluating all solid waste collection contracts in California to locate and recruit additional communities into the Program including those that provide a no-cost curbside mattress pick-up service for their residents. Second, to better serve retailers in Consumer use of no-cost collection remote or less-populated areas of the sites accounted for approximately 48% state that are not located near an MRC- of units processed through the Program contracted recycler, MRC offered trailers in 2017. that retailers could use to consolidate
– 16 – Consumer drop off at collection availability of mattress recycling in events California. In 2017, MRC partnered with Consumer drop off at MRC- municipalities and civic groups to host and promote 74 collection events, contracted mattress recyclers focusing on communities with no California residents may drop off permanent mattress collection site or discarded mattresses at an MRC- recycling facility. MRC publicized the contracted recycler and receive $3 per events and paid for collection event unit for up to five units per vehicle per labor, trailers, transportation, and day. The incentive was not available to recycling costs. businesses or government collectors.
Through these events, MRC collected MRC collected 20% of the units 1% of the Program’s units and served recycled in 2017 directly from six California counties that lacked a residents through this collection permanent mattress collection site or channel. Furthermore, the amount of recycler. Examples of communities units that MRC paid the incentive for served by the events included Del increased by 66% over 2016. Norte County Transfer Station events in Del Norte County, the Alpine Community Development Center events in Alpine County, Weaverville and Hayfork Transfer Station events in Trinity County, and City Clean Ups in Siskiyou County. See Appendix B for a full list of MRC’s collection events.
Institutional collectors Hotels and other lodging establishments, dormitories, educational facilities, and other institutional purchasers of mattresses discarded units at no cost at MRC- contracted recyclers. Institutional collectors like these accounted for In addition to offering a convenient approximately 3% of the units venue for collecting mattresses for collected through the Program in 2017. recycling, these events provided an Units from these sources are typically excellent opportunity for MRC to clean, dry, and have a positive residual promote the Program and the
– 17 – value as a renovated mattress in location of each MRC-contracted secondary markets. collector. MRC uses 53-, 48-, and 28-foot trailers, as well as roll-offs bins Furthermore, an institution tends to for sites with very limited space or discard mattresses intermittently. For other logistical constraints. The 53-foot several years, it may discard few or no trailer is the preferred container units, but when it is necessary to because it can hold the most units, replace the mattresses for a hotel, resulting in the lowest per unit transport dormitory, or other institutional cost. Roll-off containers, which are the property, the institution will discard all smallest storage and transport option, the old mattresses at one time. As a are the least efficient container result, the total number of units that alternative, but sometimes are the only the Program obtains from institutional option for collectors with small or collectors can fluctuate from year to restricted loading areas. Full containers year, depending on the number of are generally exchanged for empty properties that have replaced their containers in two business days. existing mattresses in a year..
How Are Discarded How Are Discarded Mattresses Transported to Mattresses Processed? Recyclers? Once discarded mattresses arrive at a Mattresses are bulky and light cargo. recycling facility, the recycler unloads As a result, efficient transportation is the container. Units contaminated with key to MRC’s ability to control costs. bed bugs or putrescible solid waste cannot be recycled, but are separated MRC uses a combination of mattress for landfill disposal to minimize facility recyclers, third party logistics contamination and worker exposure. companies, and solid waste facilities to transport mattresses from collection The disassembly process will vary sites to MRC-contracted recyclers. from one recycler to the next, but most MRC provides storage containers that use a combination of manual and are appropriate for the size and
– 18 – mechanical processes. The steel wire trailers, and how collectors can identify found in most mattresses and bed bug-infested units. MRC includes foundations is usually the most these guidelines in each collection site valuable and readily recyclable and event contract. mattress material. The recycler will separate the steel manually or MRC conducts random and scheduled mechanically from other mattress visits of recyclers and collectors to materials. Depending on the confirm their compliance with these purchaser’s requirements, the recycler requirements. may transport loose loads of the steel See Appendix C for a complete copy to a metal recycler, or shred or of the MRC’s Program Guidelines and compress it prior to shipment. Mattress Recycling Standards. The recycler will then separate the other materials and (if possible) prepare them for sale to appropriate scrap customers.
Management of Discarded Mattresses MRC’s contracted collectors must agree to comply with MRC’s Mattress Recycling Program Guidelines. The Guidelines require collectors to distinguish between eligible and non- eligible products. They also describe non-recyclable mattresses (e.g., those that are wet, infested, excessively soiled, etc.), explain how collectors must efficiently load mattresses on
– 19 – Coordination with Existing Infrastructure 14 CCR § 18964(b)(7)
CALRECYCLE REGULATIONS 14 CCR § 18964(b)(7) — A description of methods used by the mattress recycling organization to coordinate with existing used mattress collection and recycling programs with regard to the proper management or recycling of discarded or abandoned mattresses.
COORDINATION WITH EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE COORDINATION WITH EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE 14 CCR § 18964(b)(7)
In the Plan, MRC described how the • MRC learned in 2017 that certain Program would coordinate with franchised haulers were collecting existing used mattress collection discarded mattresses through their programs and recycling programs bulky item curbside pick-up including non-profits, and how programs and consolidating these Program efficiency would meet units at existing SWF facilities for requirements laid out in Cal. Pub. Res. recycling by MRC. Using the Code §42987.1(i). MRC made existing solid waste infrastructure significant progress in these areas in this manner expands consumer during the first two years of Program access to recycling, makes development (updates specific to recycling discarded units more abandoned mattresses are provided convenient and increases the on page 53 of this report): number of discarded units that the Program recycles. MRC is currently Existing Used Mattress conducting a study to identify all Collection Programs bulky item pick-up programs in In 2015 and 2016, MRC contacted all California, which will help MRC permitted solid waste facilities (SWFs) target additional bulky-item pick-up in California to assess their interest programs that could join the and capabilities to participate in the Program. Program. In 2017, MRC continued outreach with these locations to further • Using mattress disposal data that expand the collection network through SWFs report to CalRecycle, MRC existing SWF infrastructure. By the will identify and contact non- end of 2017, MRC had negotiated participating SWFs that could contracts with 165 SWFs and other become new mattress collection collectors in California. locations for the Program.
MRC has two ongoing projects that will further expand this collection network:
– 21 – MRC is optimistic that these efforts will regional access to recycling further expand MRC’s work with services and minimize MRC’s existing used mattress collection transportation costs. programs. • The Program brings units into the Existing recycling programs, Program by contracting with including non-profit existing retail take-back and solid mattress recyclers waste collection infrastructure. In April 2015, MRC requested • The Program encourages large proposals from parties interested in volume sources to deliver units providing transportation and recycling directly to recyclers to lower services to MRC. In requesting these transportation costs and avoid proposals, MRC directly contacted all double-handling. existing mattress recyclers in California (including non-profit • MRC does not compensate recyclers) that it knew of, posted the recyclers for whole units sold to request on MRC’s website, and visited renovators, which reduces the all active mattress recyclers in Program’s processing costs. California to assess their capabilities, interest in participating in the Program, and future plans. Among the respondents, two were existing non- profit recyclers in California. Based on a combination of factors, including pricing structure, recycling experience, quality of proposal response, and facility capabilities, MRC awarded contracts to five recyclers (including two non-profits), all of which were existing recyclers in California of mattresses or other products. MRC will add other mattress recycling operations to the network as the Program evolves and expands. Program efficiency MRC employs several strategies to deliver Program services efficiently:
• MRC’s strategically positioned recyclers and transporters provide
– 22 –
Program Objectives & Activities 14 CCR § 18964(b)(8)
CALRECYCLE REGULATIONS 14 CCR § 18964(b)(8) — Description of A. Quantitative information on objectives and activities based on the subdivisions (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), used mattress recovery and recycling and (j) of section 42990.1 of the Public plan, per section 18962(a)(2). State Resources Code, including conversion objectives from the approved plan and factor(s), if used. When describing describe progress toward achieving those the uses for the recycled materials, objectives during the reporting period. the annual report shall identify the Describe any adjustments to objectives secondary markets to which those stated in the approved plan that may be materials are sold, and potential end made for the upcoming reporting period uses of those materials. and accompanying rationale for those changes. If any changes are significant or B. Qualitative and/or quantitative material, as defined, the mattress recycling information on subdivisions (g), (l), and organization shall amend and resubmit its (m) of section 42987.1 of the Public plan for approval by the department. The Resources Code. annual report shall include:
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES Program Objectives & Progress
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES 14 CCR § 18964(b)(8)
Program Objectives new mattress (provided delivery is not & Progress by common carrier). The more that MRC designed its Program to manage retailers do to fulfill their pick-up discarded mattresses at the end of obligations, the more accessible the their useful life, increase the recovery Program is to consumers, and the less and recycling of mattress components, that the Program needs to rely on and reduce the number of mattresses other options for collecting discarded disposed of as solid waste or illegally mattresses for recycling. dumped in California. Among other In 2017, MRC devoted extensive things, MRC created alternatives for resources to publicizing the retailer diverting discarded mattresses take-back obligation and encouraging generated by consumers, mattress retailers to recycle the units they retailers, and businesses throughout collect from their customers through California before they are disposed of the Program. As explained in as solid waste. Education & Outreach, MRC promotes MRC’s Plan provided that MRC would the take-back obligation through all its seek to: communication methods. For example, MRC emphasizes the take-back Publicize and support retailers’ obligation in its retailer education obligation to pick up old units materials, on its websites, in notices mailed to retailers, and when MRC upon request when delivering appears at retailer-attended industry new mattresses events. In 2017, MRC also built Publicize awareness of this obligation in Experience shows that many MRCreporting.org portal notifications, consumers discard a used mattress MRC’s Program Update newsletter, when they replace their current bed and industry publications. with a new one. By law, a retailer must offer to pick up a consumer’s old MRC used its promotion of other mattress at no-cost when it delivers a Program improvements to reinforce
– 25 – retailers’ pick-up obligations. For Beginning in 2019, MRC will annually example, as described in the collection survey California retailers to test their discussion above, MRC sought to awareness of their obligation and to encourage retailers and other sources ask whether they recycle the units they (such as hotels, dormitories, etc.) to collect from consumers. This send their units to contracted recyclers information will help MRC determine by offering them MRC-funded trailers whether these education efforts are at not cost and free transport from the effective and whether to pursue other retailer to the recycler. MRC materials alternatives. We will also survey promoting these Program consumers to ask if they too are aware improvements also drew attention to of the retailer take-back obligation. the retailers’ pick-up obligation and promoted the importance of recycling. Support MRC considers the retail take-back To further increase retailer take-back provision to be a key component in activity, MRC in 2018 revised the providing California consumers with in-store posters and information cards no-cost mattress recycling. it provides retailers at no cost to Accordingly, MRC aims to provide emphasize the take-back obligation. retailers with convenient access to Although these materials primarily no-cost recycling through multiple target consumers, retailers also use collection options. In 2017, the the in-store materials to explain the Program collected 363,185 units charge and Program to their staff and through the retailer take-back channel, store managers. Revised material was which represented a 14% growth over proactively sent to all registered the number collected in 2016, and retailers in December 2017. accounted for approximately 28% of units the Program collected in 2017. In addition to seeking to improve retailers’ awareness of their legal Retailers may transport discarded obligations, MRC also promotes the units that they pick up from consumers take-back obligation among consumers. directly to MRC-contracted recyclers. If a consumer knows they can ask a This is a convenient option for retailers retailer that sold and delivered a new located nearby recycling facilities. mattress to also haul away an old mattress, the retailer take-back MRC also encourages retailers to obligation is an effective mechanism to become no-cost public collection capture the discard. Therefore, in points. In this scenario, MRC provides combination with the revised in-store a trailer at the retail location. The materials, MRC launched a 2018 fall ad retailer accepts mattresses from the campaign encouraging consumers to public and can use the trailer to ask their retailer. consolidate discarded units that they pick up from customers. MRC
– 26 – advertises the location, which leads to Establish a collection site or increased foot traffic. In late 2018, event in each county MRC will offer retailers a per unit By the end of 2017, MRC had consolidation fee if they agree to also established permanent no-cost become a public drop-off site. MRC is collection sites or participated in optimistic that this decision will enable collection events in 53 of California’s us to expand this collection channel 58 counties. This channel for collecting moving forward. units for recycling has been important For retailers located in remote or less to the Program’s success, and the populated areas of the state, in which volume of units collected through this an MRC-contracted recycling facility is channel has increased substantially not conveniently located, MRC offers over the Program’s first two years of consolidation trailers in which retailers operation. In 2017, MRC obtained may load their customers’ discarded 884,092 units from residents and other units. Under this model, we place a sources who dropped off their trailer at a municipal yard, retail discarded mattresses at no-cost parking lot or warehouse, or a storage collection sites, recycling facilities, and lot. A combination lock is placed on the collection events, a 55% increase over trailer, and multiple retailers have 2016 volumes through this collection access to it. When full, MRC transports channel. This channel accounted for the mattresses to the closest recycler 68% of total mattresses handled by for processing. The largest barrier for the Program in 2017. this collection method is locating Although MRC did not attain its goal of space to house the trailer. establishing a no-cost collection site or In certain situations, MRC provides participating in a collection event in all mattress retailers with trailers and California counties in 2017, it will transportation from their warehouses continue efforts to increase consumer directly to contracted recyclers. In 2019, access to the Program through this MRC plans to expand this service by channel. In fact, in 2018 MRC has providing trailers and transportation to increased coverage to three of the five retailers, hotels, and schools with at nonparticipating counties and is least 100 mattresses to discard. diligently pursuing other alternatives to bring no-cost collection opportunities As discussed in the GIS portion of the to the remaining two. Therefore, no Program Convenience Section, MRC change is required for this goal. will include an analysis of retail convenience in future Annual Reports. Since the Program launched two years ago, MRC encountered more challenges than anticipated in contracting with collection locations,
– 27 – which include solid waste facilities is to be reasonable, but is not intended (SWFs). Historically, some California to replace the high prices (and SWFs have charged a relatively high correspondingly high revenue) that disposal fee for mattresses (anywhere some SWFs currently charge from $5–$25/unit), which generates California residents to landfill profits for the SWF. discarded units.
By law, MRC and SWFs may negotiate Other challenges that have caused an agreement requiring MRC to pay some SWFs to decide not to the SWF a reasonable amount for participate in the Program include: accepting, collecting, storing, transporting, and handling discarded • Lack of municipal resources to units. In exchange for MRC paying a review and complete the SWF, the collection site must allow for contracting process free collection of residents’ discarded • The complexities of MRC units. MRC’s negotiated compensation negotiating reasonable compensation with third-party FIGURE 1: MRC’s 2017 California Bye franchised solid waste companies Bye Mattress Program Collection Network which are already under contract to the local municipality, and
• Facility logistical considerations (e.g., insufficient space for a 53-foot trailer; insufficient labor to collect, store, transport, and handle the units for MRC; inadequate loading equipment)
MRC will continue to target counties that currently lack service in the form of either a permanent collection location or collection events.
In addition, MRC is working with the following entities to create innovative no-cost mattress collection or drop-off alternatives in unserved counties and elsewhere in the state:
– 28 – • California Redemption Value (CRV) planning to participate in the locations that have adequate Program in the future as it transitions storage space and want to become from a landfill to a transfer station. In mattress collection locations the meantime, MRC hosted municipal collection events in 2016 • Non-profits like Goodwill and and 2018, but not in 2017. Salvation Army • Marin: Both Marin County and its • The California Conservation Corps franchise hauler informed MRC (CCC), to establish new collection they are not interested in sites and provide event staffing for participating in the Program. local community events Nevertheless, MRC continues to seek opportunities to involve them • Mattress retailers that allow the in mattress recycling in some public to drop-off discarded units at manner and to establish a no cost permanent collection site in the • A moving and storage company county. In 2018, MRC contracted that allows the public to drop off with the North Bay Conservation discarded units at no cost Corps to hold and staff collection events in the City of San Rafael, In the meantime, MRC has taken providing county residents access additional actions in the following to mattress recycling. counties that did not have a permanent no-cost collection site or event in 2017: • Plumas: Plumas County is sparsely populated and has limited • Contra Costa: The entity that alternative collection options. MRC’s provides solid waste services to efforts to contract with the county’s Contra Costa’s residents pursuant SWFs has been delayed by several to a franchise contract with the factors, including the county’s county (called the franchise hauler) contract review process, the existing informed MRC that it was not franchise contract, and plans to interested in joining the Program. expand the SWF footprint to In 2018, MRC is hosting municipal accommodate mattresses. In the collection events in the county. meantime, MRC is planning MRC will continue its ongoing collection events in the county, efforts to establish a permanent continuing to pursue the contacting collection site in the county. process, and seeking alternative collection locations. MRC also • Glenn: This sparsely populated anticipates that a mattress retailer in county has no mattress retailers and the county will become a permanent limited solid waste disposal/recycling collection site by the end of 2018. opportunities. The local SWF is
– 29 – • Yuba: In 2018, MRC expects to bulky, low value, and hard to manage formalize a contract with a local product category. franchise hauler that serves both Yuba and Sutter counties. When it enacted SB 254, the Contracting has been delayed due Legislature established multiple to staff turnover at the collection site. channels for efficiently collecting units and getting them to recyclers by Rural County Convenience harnessing existing mattress collection MRC dedicates significant resources systems whenever possible. The to provide rural county residents with Legislature wanted the Program to access to the Program. As part of this provide efficient services and avoid effort, MRC meets regularly with the unnecessary duplication of effort and Environmental Services Joint Powers expense. For example, a California Authority (ESJPA) to provide updates, retailer that delivers a new mattress to correspond with stakeholders, and a customer now must also offer to pick share strategies and ideas. In 2017, up their discarded mattress at no MRC worked with PaintCare to hold additional cost. Given that many joint collection events in Truckee and consumers discard an old mattress Rancho Tehama, California. If MRC when they buy a new one, this legal has been unable to contract with a requirement alone instantly created a rural county’s SWF, we have convenient no-cost collection channel established permanent collection for millions of California mattress locations by working with CRV purchasers. locations and California Conservation The Legislature also wanted the Corps, or by organizing a local Program to use existing solid waste collection event. By the end of 2017, collection networks to collect discarded MRC had a permanent collection site units for recycling. Many municipalities or collection event in 22 of ESJPA’s 24 and franchise operators offer curbside member counties.2 In 2018, MRC pickup for bulky items, including expects to expand this coverage to all mattresses, at no additional cost. MRC 24 rural California counties. contracts with these programs to Convenience Analysis consolidate collected mattresses onto trailers for recycling through the In setting priorities for how a recycling Program and plans to expand this organization like MRC should address collection channel. the complexities of recycling discarded mattresses, the California Legislature understood that mattresses are a
2 Those counties are Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Glenn, Imperial, Inyo, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Mariposa, Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity, and Tuolumne.
– 30 – MRC has supplemented this existing • Map retail locations and their collection network by developing proximity to consumers and permanent no-cost drop-off locations contracted recyclers: Map will throughout the state. These include identify MRC retail consolidation SWFs, contracted recyclers, CRV and collection locations redemption locations, scrap metal recyclers, mattress retailers, non-profits, • Measure distances from and Conservation Corps. MRC further consumers and retailers to supplements these permanent options no-cost mattress collection sites by hosting community collection events. and recyclers
Additionally, MRC has encouraged Based on this information, MRC will other large collectors (including hotels, establish appropriate metrics for urban dormitories, etc.) to send their and rural areas that set convenient discarded units to contracted distance between the state’s consumer recyclers. As discussed on page 17 of and no-cost mattress collection or drop this report, MRC helps facilitate the off options. MRC will use the GIS transport of these units from the model to specifically analyze: collector to a contracted recycler. • Consumer access to Program Together, these multiple channels are • Retailer access to Program intended to provide conveniently accessible mattress drop-off to • Low-income community access to consumers and other collectors across Program California. Now that these channels have been operational for over two • Rural county access to Program years, MRC will collect empirical data that will allow us to analyze the extent This analysis will help MRC define to which these channels have been metrics to quantify convenient access effective in reaching California to the Program and identify consumers and collectors. To quantify underserved areas. In future Annual how convenient mattress recycling is in Reports, MRC will provide analysis California, MRC is working with a GIS detailing the level of convenience specialist to develop a model that will: achieved during the reporting year, with specific descriptions for each • Map existing options for no-cost service category mentioned above. mattress take back and drop off: MRC will use the GIS information to Map will identify MRC collection identify gaps where resources such as sites, events, contracted recyclers, additional sites, collection events, and bulky-item pick-up operators alternative strategies, and/or education that are recycling units. and outreach are needed.
– 31 – Establish an incentive for In 2017, consumers dropped off consumers to bring discarded 255,621 units at contracted recyclers. mattresses to recyclers This represents approximately 20% of all units collected through the Program. MRC’s Plan provides that California Of these, contracted recyclers paid the consumers may drop off discarded incentive on 202,338 units — a 66% mattresses at a contracted recycler increase over 2016. The remaining and receive a drop-off incentive of $3/ 53,283 units did not qualify for the unit, for up to five units per vehicle per incentive because the resident making day. The Consumer Incentive Payment the delivery either exceeded the five- (CIP) is available only to state unit/day limit or dropped them off residents, and not to businesses or during non-operating hours. government collectors. The incentive encourages California consumers to See Table 1 for the locations where manage discarded mattresses contracted recyclers paid the responsibly by taking them directly to a consumer incentive. contracted recycler for processing. If a contracted recycler cannot In the Plan, MRC expected that all accommodate CIP drop off and contracted recyclers would offer the payment processes at its facility for consumer incentive. In 2017, nine of logistical reasons, MRC will evaluate the ten recyclers paid incentives to the feasibility of establishing consumers. The single contracted alternative CIP options. recycler that did not was R5 Recycling. Before the Program launched, this
TABLE 1: 2017 Consumer Incentive Payment Locations CIP Locations in MRC-contracted 2017 Reporting Reason if Not Recyclers Location Period Participating Blue Marble Materials Commerce, CA Yes Blue Marble Materials Fresno, CA Yes Blue Marble Materials San Leandro, CA Yes DR3 Recycling Oakland, CA Yes DR3 Recycling Woodland, CA Yes R5 Recycling Monrovia, CA No Insufficient labor resources Cristal Materials McKinley Street, Yes Los Angeles, CA Cristal Materials Commerce, CA Yes Cleaner Earth Santa Maria, CA Yes Goodwill Industries San Jose, CA Yes
– 32 – company recycled only units obtained opposition from the group. Furthermore, from a single large retailer account. as shown in the results below, $3 per Consistent with our efforts to work with unit is proving sufficient motivation for existing recyclers, MRC contracted residents to bring mattresses to with R5 to continue to provide the consumer incentive payment locations. same recycling services under the Program. Since the Program’s For future annual reports, MRC will inception, R5 has wanted to serve only develop a convenience metric that this single retailer and not accept units takes the CIP locations, geographical from other collectors or individual locations of other no-cost options and consumers. As a result, R5 has no population density into consideration. need to offer the consumer incentive, For the reasons noted above, MRC and does not have staff or accounting does not intend for the CIP locations to and financial management systems reach similar levels of statewide needed to offer the consumer convenience as no-cost drop-off incentive. Therefore, to make this locations. However, by locating the pre-existing recycler part of the collection points in densely populated Program, MRC agreed that R5 would areas, MRC achieves high volumes of not provide the consumer incentive. mattresses collected through this channel. The Plan provides that the incentive be offered only for units delivered to This channel is performing very well, contacted recyclers. Most other given that it accounted for one out of collection locations do not have the every five units that the Program resources or security to administer the collected in 2017 and has grown consumer incentive, which requires substantially from 2016 to 2017. staff to process and manage the incentive payments, an accounting Establish an initiative to system to track these transactions, encourage entities to collect cash on hand for payments and space illegally discarded mattresses to accommodate lines of consumers throughout the state and delivering mattresses. collect data regarding the illegal dumping problem The $3/unit consumer incentive has motivated residents to deliver In 2016, MRC developed an initiative significant quantities of discarded units to understand where, when, and how to contracted recyclers. In May 2018, many mattresses are dumped in MRC discussed with the Mattress California. See the section on Advisory Committee whether to leave Abandoned Mattress Management for the consumer incentive at $3/unit a description of MRC’s Illegally through 2019, and there was no Dumped Mattress Collection Initiative.
– 33 – Quantitative Information on Subdivisions (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (j) of Section 42990.1 of the Public Resources Code (b) Quantity of mattresses disposed of in solid waste landfills (c) Quantity of discarded used mattresses collected for recycling in the program (d) Quantity of used mattresses collected for recycling from different categories of sources
Quantitative Information on (d) The quantity of used Subdivisions (b), (c), (d), (e), mattresses collected for (f), (g), and (j) of Section recycling from different 42990.1 of the Public categories of sources Resources Code In 2017, MRC’s contracted recyclers (b) The quantity of mattresses accepted for recycling a total of disposed of in solid waste 1,362,235 units collected from the landfills sources shown in Figure 2 and Table 2. According to data reported to CalRecycle (and provided to MRC for TABLE 2: Units Collected by Source inclusion in this Report on June 1, Source Units 2018), 382,925 units were disposed of Total Program Units 1,286,757 in landfills in 2017. No-cost Collection Sites 619,220 (c) The quantity of discarded Retail 363,185 used mattresses collected for Consumer Drop-off at 255,621 Recycler recycling in the program Collector Incentive 202,338 The Program collected 1,286,757 units Other Drop Off 53,283 for recycling in 2017. Institutional (Education, 39,480 Healthcare, Military, Junk Haulers, etc.) Collection Events 9,251 Non-Program Units 75,478 TOTAL UNITS 1,362,235 COLLECTED FIGURE 2: Units Collected By Source
– 34 – (e) Quantity of each category of materials recycled
MRC-contracted recyclers process TABLE 3: Total Materials Recycled both Program units (for which MRC From Program & Non-Program Units compensates them) and non-Program Materials Quantity units. Non-Program units include those Recycled* (Lbs) Percent that a recycler obtains from franchise Commodities 36,834,445 100% haulers and solid waste facilities that Total do not participate in the Program, as Steel 20,333,520 55.20% well as mattresses manufactured by Wood 5,103,569 13.86% the Prison Industry Authority (which Foam 5,094,629 13.83% are excluded by code from the Program). Although MRC’s recyclers Quilt Panel 4,774,562 12.96% separately report Program and non- Cotton 1,099,736 2.99% Program units received at their Other Fiber 207,850 0.56% facilities, the recyclers comingle the Shoddy Felt 102,160 0.28% materials recovered through the Plastics 59,115 0.16% recycling process from Program and Cardboard 59,044 0.16% non-Program sources and report those Whole 2,460,260 — materials together when sold. Sections Mattresses (e), (f), and (g) report the total quantity, Donated, uses, and disposal disposition from Reused, or both Program and non-Program Renovated materials combined. Total TOTAL 39,294,445 — (e) The quantity of each MATERIALS category of materials recycled RECYCLED MRC-contracted recyclers reclaimed * Includes reuse & biomass the following materials from discarded mattresses in 2017.
FIGURE 3: Total Commodities Recycled From Program & Non-Program Units
– 35 – (f) The uses for the recycled underlayment (also called carpet pad) materials manufacturers to make carpet MRC’s contracted recyclers sell the padding. The scrap foam is chopped recycled materials into the following into small pieces, mixed with secondary markets for use in rebonding adhesive material, and manufacturing new products: exposed to steam to cure the mixture. The result is rebond foam that is then Steel wire: Most cut into thin sheets to make carpet mattresses contain steel pad. Carpet pad is constructed springs, either in the primarily of post-industrial form of innersprings or polyurethane foam, but may also pocketed coils. Likewise, contain a small percentage of used most foundations contain a steel wire carpet pad, as well as post-consumer interior structure. The steel from both mattress foam and post-consumer mattresses and foundations can be mattress quilt panels. shredded or baled for sale in steel scrap markets. Steel mills then purchase the scrap steel and melt it for use in making new steel products, like appliances, automobiles, and building products.
Quilt Panel: The top layer of a one sided “no-flip” mattress (or the top and bottom layer of a two-sided mattress) is Foam: The interior of typically a composite material that at most mattresses minimum is comprised of a decorative contains one or more outer fabric (also called the ticking), one layers of polyurethane or more layers of fiber batting, non- and/or latex foam. Once woven fabric, or foam (polyurethane or the quilt panel is removed, the recycler latex), and a thin backing fabric (usually separates the foam layer for baling a non-woven fabric). These different and sale to scrap purchasers. All layers are usually quilted together. post-consumer foam is sold to carpet Mattress recyclers typically remove the
– 36 – quilt panel and bale it for sale the wire structure and fabric from the separately from other commodity types. frame), it could be used to reconstruct Quilt panel has limited secondary uses. a pallet. Often, however, the shearing It is most commonly sold to carpet process breaks up the frame, since the underlayment manufactures which wood has become dry and brittle after chop the quilt into small pieces for use years of use as a foundation. In that in making carpet pad. In this case, the wood can be finely shredded application, post-consumer quilt panel for use as mulch, or burned for energy represents a small percentage of the value in a biomass or a waste-to- finished product. energy facility. Wood is either sold, given away, or Recyclers pay a tipping Foundation Wood: fee for the wood to be made into Most consumers use a mulch, burned as biomass fuel, or foundation or box spring reconstructed into pallets. All of these underneath their end uses are reported as pounds sent mattress. The foundation to recycling. raises the top surface of the mattress to a comfortable height and helps prolong the life of the mattress by acting in effect as a shock absorber. A typical foundation is comprised of an interior wooden frame that is assembled using nails or staples. A steel wire structure attached to the wood frame by staples or nails provides the spring support for the foundation. Some foundations contain a wooden interior structure instead of Cotton: Depending on a steel wire structure. The sides of the product construction, a foundation are typically covered by a mattress may contain decorative ticking, with the bottom, other non-woven fiber and sometimes the top, covered by a layers like cotton. The non-woven fabric. cotton is separated and baled. Secondary markets for cotton are To dismantle the foundation, recyclers limited, depending on whether the remove the ticking and non-woven reclaimed material is comingled with fabric, then shear or shred the unit to other types of fiber and prevailing separate the metal from the wood. If market conditions. Cotton is sold to the wooden frame is still intact after fiber recycling companies and end uses the wire structure is removed (usually for this material includes insulation and by means of a pallet shear, which pulls
– 37 – acoustic panel products for the for recycling. Therefore, these other construction and building industry. fibers are at best transformed for use in waste-to-energy facilities or Shoddy Felt: Another landfilled. common layer in mattresses is shoddy felt Plastics: Retailers often (also called shoddy pad place discarded or just shoddy). This mattresses that they material is usually placed between the collect from consumers metal springs and foam layers to in plastic bags (usually insulate the foam from sharp points on polyethylene) so that any bedbugs or the springs and to keep the foam from other biological materials on the working its way into the springs during discarded unit do not contaminate new the multi-year life of the mattress. units being delivered on the same Shoddy is a non-woven material that is truck. These bags are frequently on comprised of mixed shredded post- the discarded unit when it arrives at industrial fabric. Given the mixed the recycler. Most recyclers bale and nature of the fiber types in the fabrics sell this plastic to plastic recycling used to make shoddy, and the fact that companies in secondary markets shoddy used in mattresses is made where the bags are converted into from post-industrial material, post- plastic pellets that manufacturers of consumer shoddy at present has little new plastic products melt and use as or no residual value in secondary feedstock in their manufacturing markets. Therefore, shoddy is at best processes. Potential end uses for transformed for use in a waste-to- these pellets include composite plastic energy facility or landfilled. lumber and new plastic film products.
Other Fiber: Many Cardboard: Mattress mattresses also contain foundations may contain layers made from one or a layer of cardboard that more other types of fiber. separates the wood Depending on the base structure from the construction and age of the mattress, bottom non-woven fabric. Recyclers these fibers may include polyester, bale the cardboard and sell the bales rayon and other synthetic fibers, wool, to fiber recyclers in secondary markets horse and other animal hair, and where it is recycled by manufacturers coconut fiber. At present, mattress for use in making chipboard for cereal recyclers remove these fibers from boxes, new corrugated cardboard, and dismantled mattresses in such low other packaging materials. volumes that it is not economically viable for recyclers to segregate them
– 38 – (g) Quantity of otherwise disposed of materials
(g) The quantity of otherwise Consistent with statutory requirements, disposed of materials MRC detailed how the Program’s Managing Collected Materials Objectives would align with California’s Consistent with California’s solid waste management hierarchy (as Waste Management Hierarchy codified at, Cal. Pub. Res. Code §§ See Figure 4 and Table 4 for the 40051 and 40052) in its Program Plan. disposition of materials. MRC’s Program follows these management principals in the following FIGURE 4: Disposition of Materials manners: Source Reduction Cal. Pub. Res. Code § 42987.1(a) requires that the plan that MRC submitted to CalRecycle in 2015 include the following:
Program objectives consistent with the state’s solid waste management hierarchy.3
Although not referenced in SB 254, Cal. Pub. Res. Code § 40196 defines “source reduction” as follows:
“Source reduction” means any action which causes a net reduction in the generation of solid waste. “Source reduction” includes, but is not limited to, reducing the use of nonrecyclable materials, replacing disposable materials and products with reusable
TABLE 4: Disposition of Materials Disposition Quantity (Lbs) % Total Recycled (Includes reuse & biomass) 39,294,445 59.17% Waste-to-Energy (Transformation) 14,139,780 21.29% Landfill 12,979,891 19.54% TOTAL OUTBOUND 66,414,116 100.00%
3 CalRecycle’s regulations likewise require that MRC’s plan: Identify program objectives consistent with California’s solid waste management hierarchy as required by subdivision (a) of section 42987.1 of the Public Resources Code. 14 CCR § 18962(a)(2)(A).
– 39 – materials and products, reducing emphasis on source reduction. packaging, reducing the amount of Therefore, MRC is planning a yard wastes generated, establishing Sustainability Initiative that initially garbage rate structures with incentives would be focused on helping individual to reduce the amount of wastes that mattress manufacturers better analyze generators produce, and increasing and understand the environmental the efficiency of the use of paper, impacts of their products by cardboard, glass, metal, plastic, and examining: other materials. “Source reduction” does not include steps taken after the • The nature and designs of the material becomes solid waste or products they manufacture actions which would impact air or • The raw materials they manage water resources in lieu of land, and consume in manufacturing and including, but not limited to, distributing those products transformation. • The energy, water and other MRC’s approved plan stated the resources needed in those following with regard to the source processes reduction element of the state’s solid waste hierarchy: • How to manage and minimize waste products generated at each Source Reduction: The mattress stage in the manufacturing and industry manufactures durable distribution processes, and mattresses that reduce the rate at which discards are generated. The • How the products they manufacture Act, however, is intended to divert today are managed at end of their discarded mattresses from the solid useful life by MRC-contracted waste stream through recycling and to recyclers increase the volume of discarded mattresses that are recycled. This voluntary program will build on successes and experience gained Given CalRecycle’s approval of MRC’s from similar sustainability programs in resubmitted plan and the Act’s lack of other industries. This systematic statutory guidance on this topic, MRC approach will help participants review took no actions that actively and improve their operations for better encouraged source reduction. environmental performance.
Based on CalRecycle’s feedback, The Sustainability Initiative will help however, we understand the companies develop processes to department wants MRC to affirmatively analyze their businesses, products, and advance the state’s waste processes; identify steps they can take management hierarchy, with specific to reduce their environmental impacts;
– 40 – define metrics for measuring the effect successes, and to discuss the of those changes; and learn from outcomes. relevant best practices. The overarching goal is to help individual Therefore, the Sustainability Initiative companies create voluntary proactive is consistent with, and will actively environmental management systems advance, the source reduction aspects that can produce continual of California’s waste hierarchy by: improvements over time, reinforced by • Making mattress manufacturers, annual follow-up reviews. MRC will more aware of systems they can develop a process to measure the develop to better control their raw success of this initiative and will provide material supply chain and their updates in future Annual Reports. efficient use of steel, foam, fiber These efforts are intended to result in: and fabric, wood, other components, packaging materials, • Improved management of energy, and water resources and raw materials • Reducing the net amount of all • Reduction in energy and water solid waste that they generate consumption • Reducing the net amount of non- • Reduction in total waste generated recyclable waste that they generate and the generation of non- recyclable waste Reuse The Program does not interfere with MRC intends to finalize plans for a pilot reuse or renovation activity that initiative by the first quarter 2019, complies with state and federal law. In formally launch the initiative and fact, MRC takes into account the views conduct company-specific training for at of renovators and other interested least 10 companies by December 2019. stakeholders when setting Program MRC’s priority will be to train California- policies. For example, when MRC was based mattress manufacturers. developing the Program, it sought input from the Advisory Committee (on which At the end of 2019, MRC will evaluate the renovator segment is represented) the results of the pilot initiative and regarding the level of incentive that consider whether to expand it to consumers should receive when include mattress retailers and dropping off discarded units at a component suppliers. contracted recycler. After considering different incentive levels, the MRC will develop appropriate public Committee advised MRC that setting relations materials and messages to the incentive above $3/unit would likely promote the initiative within the have an adverse impact on renovation. industry, to identify and publicize its
– 41 – At that time, MRC accepted the collection locations and will continue to Committee’s advice and capped the do so in the future. In 2017, MRC’s incentive at $3/unit. In deference to the Bye Bye Mattress locator tool added Committee’s position on this subject, two renovators as no-cost collection MRC continued to leave the incentive points for consumers and retailers. at this level during the reporting period. MRC transports units that these sites do not renovate to contracted recyclers Furthermore, there is no evidence that for dismantling. the Program has constrained renovation in California. According to This information demonstrates that the data that CalRecycle has collected Program is not adversely affecting from renovators, 150,124 units were renovation or reuse, but that MRC is renovated in 2016 and 263,646 were actively coordinating with renovators renovated in 2017. Although the 2016 as we improve overall collection information was incomplete, the two network. The data support this years of data does not suggest that conclusion, showing that renovators the Program has adversely affected obtain significant quantities of units renovation. and materials collected through the Program. In fact, many retailers that are required by law to take back discarded units Recycling from consumers sell or provide those MRC’s approved Plan states that: units directly to renovators. Some contracted recyclers also cull better The Program is designed to properly units obtained from collectors for sale manage mattresses and the end of directly to renovators. Since recyclers life, increase the recovery and do not disassemble whole units sold to recycling of mattress components and renovators, MRC do not compensate reduce the number of mattresses them for processing those units, which disposed of as solid waste in California lowers the Program’s recycling costs. by creating diversion alternatives for Reusable component material may discarded mattresses generated by also be sold to renovators for use in mattress retailers, consumers, and rebuilding mattresses. Data that MRC businesses throughout California. collects from recyclers shows that In 2017, MRC pursued the specific contracted recyclers diverted means identified in the Plan for 2,787,943 pounds of units and maximizing recycling in California materials for reuse and renovation, a as follows: 14% increase over 2016.
Finally, MRC regularly communicates with renovators that register with the Program to become no-cost mattress
– 42 – No-cost drop off locations: As of the Mattress retailer pick-up obligation: end of 2017, MRC negotiated Mattress retailers must accept contracts with 165 locations across discarded mattresses at no cost from California which are promoted through consumers when they deliver a new ByeByeMattress.com. Under these mattress. This provision provides an contracts, MRC compensates important channel to collect mattresses collection locations at negotiated rates before potential contamination through for handling mattresses that they the solid waste system. In 2017, MRC accept at no cost. MRC also provides used various means to make certain no-cost storage, transport, and that both retailers and consumers are recycling of these units. MRC’s aware of this obligation, and will expand collection network includes SWFs, these efforts in the future. non-profit organizations, California Redemption Value sites and No-cost business recycling: In 2017, Conservation Corps locations. MRC worked with business and large- volume mattress consumers (such as Collection sites may establish limits on hotels, dormitories, nursing homes, the number of units they will accept etc.) that generate discarded per vehicle per day to align with their mattresses to deliver those units to staffing and logistical constraints. In contracted recyclers at no cost. In remote parts of the state where there some cases, MRC assisted these may be longer distances between entities with logistical coordination and collection sites, MRC encourages transportation. MRC will expand this collectors to accept units from effort in the future. The Program consumers and commercial sources. collected 39,480 units through this MRC seeks to expand commercial channel in 2017. access to the no-cost recycling network throughout the state. Consumer incentive: California residents that deliver discarded No-cost retailer recycling: The mattresses directly to an MRC- Program accepts discarded contracted recycling facility may mattresses that retailers collect from qualify for an incentive payment of $3/ customers. In 2017, MRC encouraged unit. Each resident is limited to more retailers to send their picked-up delivering up to five units per day. In units to contracted recyclers through 2017, the Program collected 202,338 direct drop-off or by providing retail- units in this manner. consolidation trailers wherein local retailers consolidate mattresses onto Recyclers’ target: MRC seeks to trailers provided by MRC, and MRC maximize the amount of recycled pays transportation and recycling material obtained from collected units. costs. MRC will expand these efforts in In 2017, operational challenges at the future. recycling facilities and commodity
– 43 – market prices made this difficult. MRC’s TABLE 5: Statewide Recycling Rates Program-wide recycling rate decreased by Recycler* from 63.6% in 2016 to 59.2% in 2017, Recycler 2016 2017 falling short of the Plan’s 75% by weight A 42.7% 37.9% recycling goal. MRC remains B 69.1% 66.7% committed to the 75% target and will C** 59.1% 70.0% continue to work with contracted D 79.6% 76.6% recyclers to meet this recycling level. E 88.1% 80.8% MRC pays contacted recyclers for F 94.1% 96.1% each mattress processed. Because * Includes reuse, recycling, & biomass recyclers pay tipping fees for whole ** No longer an MRC contractor as of units and materials they landfill, they (November 2017) are financially motivated to recycle any mattress commodity that has a positive The contracted recyclers’ performance or neutral value in secondary markets. was influenced by several factors. Furthermore, MRC contractually These include limited markets for requires its recyclers to achieve a 75% certain mattress materials including recycling rate, but recognizes that this quilt panels, wood, and fiber. However, may not be feasible if viable secondary a recycler’s ability to carefully separate markets do not exist for some mattress and prepare clean commodities for materials. In 2016 and 2017, three of secondary markets also had a MRC’s six contracted recyclers met or significant impact on whether those exceeded the 75% recycling target. In commodities were commercially both years, MRC’s largest recycler had attractive. If not, the recycler may have the lowest recycling rate, substantially been forced to landfill the materials, reducing the Program-wide average. lowering its recycling rate. For the sake of perspective, if this recycler’s performance was excluded MRC’s Research and Development from the analysis, the Program-wide projects are focused on developing recycling rates in 2016 and 2017 new and maintaining existing markets would have been 80.4% and 77.6%, for mattress commodities, and seeking respectively. ways that MRC can help contracted recyclers identify strategies to increase The range of recycler-specific the amount of materials that they can recycling rates during these years are recycle. MRC is also in the process of shown in Table 5. contracting with new recyclers to increase Program capacity. As with our existing recyclers, MRC will seek to hold its newer recyclers accountable to the 75% recycling target.
– 44 – Mitigating illegal dumping: As Biomass Conversion discussed in further detail on page 53 California considers biomass to be of this Report, the Program recycling that is preferred over compensates participating disposal of solid waste through waste- organizations that provide data on the to-energy (WTE) facilities and location, quantity and date of illegally landfilling. However, given that low dumped mattress activity. In 2017, energy prices and environmental participation in this effort improved. regulations may cause additional MRC has taken additional steps to biomass plants to close in the coming increase future participation further. years, this recycling option may not be viable over the long-term. Preventing bed bug and other contamination: All contracted Before the Program launched in 2016, recyclers have procedures in place to some contracted recyclers sent their isolate and dispose of bed bug recycled wood to biomass facilities. infested units. MRC proactively They continued to do this in 2017. In addresses bed bug contamination by 2017, the Program diverted 1,233,852 providing collection locations with pounds of wood to biomass conversion collection guidelines as well as bed facilities where it was converted into bug specific educational video to energy. California’s biomass facility prevent contaminated units from capacity, however, has decreased in entering the Program. This education recent years as the state focuses on is intended to help recyclers minimize other forms of green energy production. contamination risks and thereby MRC understands that no contracted increase their recycling rates. recycler expects to provide wood to biomass facilities in 2018. Instead, Composting contracted recyclers now process most Contracted recyclers sent no mattress foundation wood into mulch. materials to compost facilities in 2017. Instead, the wood they removed from Waste-To-Energy (Transformation) foundations was either processed into Most contracted recyclers reuse, mulch or sent to biomass facilities recycle, send to biomass, or dispose pursuant business relationships that of the material they collect and existed before the Program launched. process. Only one recycler sent This may change in the future, material to waste-to-energy facilities in however, if composting becomes a 2017. This occurred either because more financially viable option, customers for this material were not especially as California’s green waste available in commodity markets at the infrastructure capacity expands in time or the material was too response to AB 1826. contaminated for recycling. Although MRC understands that California
– 45 – considers transformation to be a form mattresses or foundations and of disposal, diverting material for use mattress materials that: in WTE facilities is preferable to landfilling that material. • Are severely damaged or twisted
Since MRC’s recyclers currently do not • Are wet, frozen, or heavily soiled track disposal data by material type, • Are infested with bed bugs or other MRC cannot specifically identify which biological contaminants that make types of material were consumed in them either unsafe to process or WTE facilities. However, given that make their constituent materials well organized scrap markets exist for unmarketable shredded steel extracted from mattresses and that steel would not be • Contain components for which a a useful material for WTE facilities, we viable market may not currently understand that such material exist, such as synthetic fibers consisted of contaminated wood, foam, fiber and quilt panels. • Have no financially viable or available end market MRC meets monthly with CalRecycle and will consult with the Department in Although the total weight of material the future about sending material to landfilled by contracted recyclers WTE facilities. We will also provide increased by 24% in 2017 (from more detail regarding material that has 10,446,861 to 12,979,891), this is to already been sent to transformation be expected given that the total weight and explain the circumstances that of material managed through the gave rise to this situation. MRC notes Program increased by 45% in 2017. that WTE options are becoming As a result, the percentage of material increasingly limited in California, with sent to landfill decreased by over three the June 2018 closure of a WTE percentage points from 2016 to 2017. facility in Commerce, California. As a For the same reasons mentioned above result, we expect little or no material to regarding transformation, MRC cannot be sent to WTE in future years. provide data regarding the exact quantity Landfill of which materials the contracted MRC’s contracts require recyclers to recyclers landfilled. However, given that recycle as much of each mattress and recyclers landfilled some whole units foundation as practical. When (that is, units that are not dismantled), at necessary, however, contracted least some of every mattress material recyclers have used environmentally type (that is, steel, foam, fiber, and wood) safe landfill disposal. Materials that was sent to landfill. In addition, recyclers may be sent to landfill because they landfilled component materials from cannot be recycled may include entire dismantled mattresses.
– 46 – (j) Total volume, number, and weight of used mattresses collected recycled, renovated, and reused
(j) The total volume, number, • Updated CalRecycle’s Frequently and weight of used mattresses Asked Questions document on its collected recycled, renovated, annual reporting website. and reused in this state • Mailed violation notices to all Cal. Pub. Res. Code § 18965-18967 entities that failed to report by the requires that mattress recyclers, solid May 1, 2018 deadline and waste facilities, and renovators report proceeded with progressive the number of used mattresses they enforcement actions for those that collect, recycle, renovate, and reuse in have failed to report their 2017 California each year to CalRecycle. On calendar mattress activity. June 1, 2018, CalRecycle provided MRC the aggregate unit data that CalRecycle staff noted that their these entities reported. In providing confidence in the data collected this data, CalRecycle noted that it took improved from 2016 to 2017. The the following actions regarding its number of entities that provided data 2017 data collection effort: to CalRecycle, and the number of units that they reported they collected (or, in • Distributed notifications and the case of solid waste facilities, reminder messages through the received) in 2017, are in Table 6. Solid Waste Information System (the database CalRecycle created for TABLE 6: Units Collected From annual reporting) and the Mattress California Recyclers, Solid Waste Product Stewardship Listserv. Facilities, and Renovators Entities Units • Contacted new entities and entities Providing Collected/ that failed to report via follow-up Entity Type Data Received calls and emails (after conducting Mattress 9 1,365,924 extensive internet research to Recycler locate contact information). Solid Waste 361 1,048,130 • Conducted a survey to gather Facility feedback on the challenges Renovator/ 8 350,824 reporting entities experienced Reuse during the first year of annual TOTAL 398 2,764,878 reporting to tailor outreach and communication to assist with this The number of collected/received units and future reporting cycles. includes those received from in-state • Conducted a webinar on the and out-of-state sources. annual reporting requirements and CalRecycle informed MRC that these process. entities reported the following number
– 47 – of units were recycled, landfilled, or popular size sold). The cubic volumes renovated/reused in 2017 (see of the relevant statistics are as follows: Table 7). • Total collected: 3,400,800 TABLE 7: Units Recycled, Landfilled, cubic yards Renovated, and Reused in California4 • Material recycled: 1,654,211 Number cubic yards Final Disposition of Units Recycled (Processed) 1,344,887 • Material landfilled: 470,998 Landfilled at Solid 382,925 cubic yards Waste Facilities Renovated/Reused 263,646 • Material renovated/reused: 324,285 cubic yards TOTAL 1,991,458 (For the sake of consistency, the above The number of recycled units includes figures represent the volume of whole those being reported as processed by uncompressed units or materials. When a recycler, as well as at solid waste landfilled, however, these materials are facilities. Processed means the unit compressed to some degree.) was dismantled, not that all of the Multiplied units by 55 pounds component material was necessarily Weight: (average unit weight). The weights for recycled. A certain number of solid the relevant statistics are as follows: waste facilities process mattresses on site. Solid waste facilities reported the • Total collected: 152,068,290 pounds number of units landfilled and renovators reported the number of • Material recycled: 73,968,785 units renovated/reused. pounds
MRC converted these unit counts into • Material landfilled: 21,060,875 cubic volume and weight using the pounds following conversion factors: • Material renovated/reused: Cubic Volume: Multiplied the relevant 14,500,530 pounds units figure by 1.23 cubic yards per unit (which represents the non- (The average weight of 55 pounds per compressed volume of typical queen unit used in these calculations is size product, which nationally is most based on a study of MRC-contracted recyclers conducted in 2017. For purposes of the 2016 Annual Report,
4 The number of units collected/received will differ from the disposition totals as the reporting entities did not process all units collected in 2017. Difference may represent units in inventory or diverted for other end uses.
– 48 – Qualitative and/or Quantitative Information on Subdivisions (g), (l), and (m) of Section 42987.1 of the Public Resources Code (g) Research to improve used mattress collection, dismantling, and recycling operations
MRC used an average of 49 pounds discarded mattresses and identifying based on earlier data.) new and better uses for extracted mattress components. MRC supports The Solid Waste Facilities reported applied research and development landfilling only 382,925 units in 2017. If efforts intended to achieve one or more one were to assume that the units of the following objectives: reported to CalRecycle as recycled in 2017 (1,344,887) were diverted from • Identify new or better uses for landfills, these figures show that total recycled mattress materials quantity of units recycled statewide in 2017 as reported to CalRecycle • Reduce the costs and improve the reduced the landfill space that would efficiencies of collecting, have been consumed by discarded transporting, and recycling mattresses by 78% (that is, 1,344,887/ discarded mattresses (1,344,887 + 382,925) = 0.78). This • Identify and promote mattress data also suggests that it may be recycling best practices increasingly difficult for MRC to continue to expand the number of units MRC faces long-term challenges that that the Program collects and recycles affect not only the Program’s since the number of units available for operational efficiency (in terms of recycling appears to be limited. improved collection, dismantling, and recycling methods), but also its long- Qualitative and/or term financial sustainability. Quantitative Information on Specifically: Subdivisions (g), (l), and (m) of Section 42987.1 of the • The size, weight, design, and Public Resources Code material composition of mattresses (g) Conducting research, as discarded for recycling changes over time. This affects MRC’s needed, related to improving overall operational and financial used mattress collection, efficiency, given that product mix dismantling, and recycling changes may influence how operations, including pilot discarded mattresses are programs to test new dismantled and the revenues that processes, methods, or recyclers earn from selling equipment on a local, regional, reclaimed materials. or otherwise limited basis • The bulky nature of mattresses MRC seeks to improve the sustainability makes them cumbersome and of mattress recycling through efforts expensive to collect and transport, focused on advancing the efficient collection, transport, and recycling of
– 49 – and their durability makes them administers mattress recycling difficult to dismantle. programs shows that the current average per unit weight is 55 • The uses and potential customers pounds per unit. MRC intends to for some reclaimed mattress update this metric periodically, with materials are limited, and the the next analysis planned for 2020. markets for these materials are volatile, making the revenue that • In mid-2018, MRC began a related recyclers could earn from selling the study to characterize the age and recycled materials limited and risky. size of mattresses discarded today. Based on data recorded on “Do To address each of these challenges, Not Remove” labels attached to MRC has undertaken or planned the discarded mattresses, the study following research efforts: will provide a baseline for the average useful life of discarded Product Mix Analysis: Being able to mattresses, which we will characterize the changing stream of periodically update to determine discarded units will be important for how this metric is changing. The MRC’s ability to plan and optimize its results of this study should benefit collection, transport, and recycling the Program in several respects. network, as well as understand the For example, this information, size and nature of potential markets coupled with historical sales trend for the various materials reclaimed data, will help MRC forecast the through the recycling process. Two number of units that may be MRC research projects will be helpful recycled through the Program in in this regard: future years, which in turn will help • In 2017, MRC updated its determine how many collection information on the average weight sites and recyclers MRC will need of discarded mattresses and box- to handle and process those units. springs. This metric is important for Likewise, the useful life data will calculating total tons of material help MRC anticipate how the diverted from California landfills. relative quantities of materials Since the Program’s inception, recovered from dismantled units MRC had used an average per unit will change over time, as products weight of 49 pounds, based on that contain new or different data collected by independent materials approach the end of their recyclers before the Program useful life. For example, if launched. An analysis of over mattresses discarded in 5 years 20,000 discarded mattresses and are likely to contain relatively more box-springs collected in 2017 in all steel or latex foam, then R&D three states in which MRC efforts can be shifted to focus on
– 50 – finding useful purposes for post- • In 2018, MRC began a study consumer latex foam. comparing the relative efficiency of manual and mechanized mattress Improving the Efficiency of MRC’s dismantling processes. The Collection, Transport, and research will consider the relative Recycling Operations: With the costs of the different methods (in benefit of insights gained from terms of type of labor required, labor operating the Program now for two efficiency, capital expenditures, years, MRC has initiated research to energy consumption, etc.) as well improve our recyclers’ and other as what impact the different contractors’ operating efficiencies: approaches have on the recyclability of the dismantled • To launch the Program in 2016, materials. This is a complex process MRC quickly assembled a network that MRC expects will require at throughout California for collecting least two years to complete. and transporting units to contracted recyclers. Given that discarded New Markets for Reclaimed units are light but bulky, transporting Mattress Materials: More post- them over long distances is consumer mattress materials can be inefficient, resulting in higher fuel recycled and diverted from California consumption and increased costs. landfills if the demand for such materials For this reason, MRC plans in 2019 increases. Likewise, if contracted to analyze its existing collection and recyclers can earn more from selling transport network. The purpose of reclaimed mattress materials, the this study is to identify specific Program can lower its operational costs. actions MRC can take to optimize To advance this objective, MRC has our transportation resources, and to initiated research to identify new uses implement processes that will allow and markets for recycled mattress MRC the flexibility needed to materials. For example: efficiently modify this network when necessary. • Technology is being used in Europe to convert post-consumer • Beginning in 2019, MRC plans to polyurethane foam back to its work with a consultant to develop chemical ingredients (i.e., polyols) educational tools for our recyclers that can then be used to make new that will provide training on best foam or other products. MRC would practices, business analysis like to confirm whether such a processes, and new technologies conversion process is feasible in the that will help them improve their United States. The results of an operational efficiency. initial effort we conducted in 2016, however, produced a polyol that
– 51 – cannot be used to make new foam. schedules, estimating projected Physical contamination of the foam costs and challenges, and analyzing feedstock (from dirt, dander, potential legal issues. This work moisture) and the use of could include considering whether nonhomogeneous foam types MRC should establish a competitive contributed to this disappointing research and development grant outcome. MRC will repeat this effort program for awarding research in 2019, hoping to achieve better funding to third parties. results by improving the cleanliness, quality, and consistency of the • In 2018, MRC investigated whether post-consumer foam feedstock a cryogenic process can be used to used in the process. process post-consumer mattress foam into powder. The researchers • In 2017, MRC worked with students froze and ground a sample foam at the Georgia Institute of batch into a fine powder. Future Technology to investigate possible research will analyze potential uses uses for post-consumer mattress of the resulting powder (e.g., as foam, fiber, quilt panels, and wood. filler in polyurethane foam Their Recycled Mattress Materials manufacturing, etc.) and whether Market Assessment report this process is practical from a cost identified potential opportunities in perspective. such diverse fields as geotextiles, insulation, sporting goods and play In addition to these specific research surfaces, packaging materials, and efforts that MRC has undertaken or additives to concrete and other planned in the United States, MRC building materials. The report also collaborates with other recycling contained a high-level assessment organizations in the United States and of potential target markets, with other groups involved with business development and partner mattress recycling around the world. opportunities, and possible These meetings cover a variety of limitations. To build on the Georgia topics, including best practices, Tech assessment, MRC hired research and development efforts in consultants in 2018 who will other markets, and insights into develop and implement a process operational and policy successes and for funding and managing more failures that others have experienced. in-depth research into these and Since the Program’s launch, MRC has other topics in 2019 and beyond. convened or participated in regional, Their work will entail an evaluation national, and international meetings of possible research topics, and forums with global counterparts identifying research partners, that share our concern for long-term setting and monitoring project solutions to mattress recycling and
– 52 – (l) Participation of urban and rural local governments and permitted solid waste facilities in efforts to collect illegally dumped mattresses
identifying markets for our post- Abandoned Mattress consumer materials, including the Management following: In its Plan, MRC described its three- pronged strategy to address illegal • Internationale MöbelMesse (IMM): mattress dumping: An annual international exhibition of finished interior furnishings 1. Intercept discarded units before products in Cologne, Germany they are illegally dumped by:
• ISPA EXPO: A biennial international • providing no cost retailer trade show for mattress components pick-up of discarded units when hosted by the International Sleep the retailer delivers a new unit Products Association to a consumer,
• ISPA industry Conference: A • encouraging consumers to use biennial industry conference a network of no cost drop-off including all sectors of the mattress locations throughout California, industry including manufacturers, and retailers, and supplier executives and management • providing a financial incentive to encourage consumers to deliver • Other international conferences discarded units directly to and events recyclers. (l) Participation of urban and 2. Provide financial compensation to rural local governments and participating local governments, permitted solid waste facilities solid waste facilities, or solid waste in efforts to collect illegally operations to help offset their cost of managing illegally dumped units. dumped mattresses Cal. Pub. Res. Code §42987.1(l) 3. Collect baseline data to measure — Ensuring, to the maximum extent the impact of illegally dumped units possible, that urban and rural local on participating communities. governments and participating permitted solid waste facilities and To accomplish the first prong of this authorized solid waste operations that strategy, MRC among other things accept mattresses are provided with a contacted California retailers multiple mechanism for the recovery of illegally times between 2014 and 2017 to disposed used mattresses that is inform them that a retailer is legally funded at no additional cost to the required to take back a customer’s local government, solid waste facility, discarded unit if it delivers a new unit or solid waste operation. to the customer. To intercept more discarded units before they are
– 53 – illegally dumped, MRC augments the increase over 2016). Combined, the retailer take back efforts by participants provide waste collection encouraging consumers to use the service to over 15 million California no-cost collection network we have residents (nearly 40% of the state’s established throughout California. population).
MRC launched an initiative in 2016 to Table 8 shows the 2017 data that implement the second and third individual entities reported by county. prongs of this strategy. In planning this initiative, MRC learned that information TABLE 8: 2017 Illegally Dumped concerning the nature and extent of Mattress Collection Initiative California’s illegally dumped mattress Units problem was either incomplete or County/Members Collected largely anecdotal. To develop reliable ALAMEDA TOTAL 2,029 data about the problem, MRC offers Alameda County 181 financial incentives to entities that City of Oakland 1,612 report data to MRC regarding illegally City of San Leandro 236 dumped units that they collect from BUTTE TOTAL 137 public rights of way. City of Chico 137 Participating entities may include local CONTRA COSTA TOTAL 3,151 governments, SWFs, franchise City of Richmond 2,882 haulers, non-profits contracted with Contra Costa County 176 municipalities, Joint Powers Public Works Authorities, and Tribes. Throughout Maintenance Division the year, they report key data to MRC Republic Services 98 concerning the illegally dumped units EL DORADO TOTAL 88 that they pick up (e.g., collection date, Clean Tahoe Program 88 number of units collected, collection FRESNO TOTAL 715 zip code, and disposition of the City of Coalinga 5 collected units). To help offset costs City of Fresno 710 that these entities incur in cleaning up LAKE TOTAL 242 illegally dumped units, we City of Clearlake Public 242 compensated them in 2016 and 2017 Works at $10 per illegally dumped unit that LOS ANGELES TOTAL 15,864 they picked up and reported. City of Culver City 570 2017 Results City of Long Beach 6,075 In 2017, 47 entities participated in the City of Los Angeles 3,911 initiative (an 18% increase over 2016), – LA Sanitation reporting data on and collecting City of Palmdale 973 42,016 illegally dumped units (a 77%
– 54 – Units Units County/Members Collected County/Members Collected City of Torrance 1,402 SAN MATEO TOTAL 721 County of Los Angeles 2,933 City of Redwood City 311 Department of Public City of San Mateo 410 Works SANTA BARBARA 217 MADERA TOTAL 754 TOTAL City of Madera 149 City of Santa Maria 217 Madera County 605 SANTA CLARA TOTAL 4,302 MENDOCINO TOTAL 15 City of San Jose 4,302 Mendocino Solid Waste 15 SANTA CRUZ TOTAL 109 Management Authority City of Santa Cruz 40 MERCED TOTAL 633 Santa Cruz County 69 City of Merced 633 SHASTA TOTAL 193 ORANGE TOTAL 931 City of Redding Solid 193 City of Costa Mesa 931 Waste PLACER TOTAL 36 SOLANO TOTAL 296 Western Placer Waste 36 City of Fairfield 93 Management Authority City of Vallejo 52 RIVERSIDE TOTAL 1,284 Solano County 151 City of Eastvale 18 SUTTER TOTAL 17 City of Hemet 1,266 City of Yuba City – 17 SACRAMENTO TOTAL 3,547 Development Services City of Elk Grove 31 TULARE TOTAL 1,391 City of Sacramento 2,875 County of Tulare Solid 1,391 – Recycling and Solid Waste Department Waste Division VENTURA TOTAL 2,254 County of Sacramento 575 City of Oxnard – 2,100 – Waste Management Environmental Resources and Recycling Division Power Inn Alliance 66 Ventura County – 154 SAN BERNARDINO 1,236 Public Works Agency TOTAL Transportation City of Highland 141 Department City of Twentynine Palms 216 GRAND TOTAL 42,016 City of Victorville 879 SAN JOAQUIN TOTAL 1,854 City of Stockton 1,854
– 55 – Figure 5 illustrates geographically (ESJPA).5 In 2017, entities from 20 where illegally dumped mattresses urban counties and 5 rural counties were collected. participated in the initiative (see Figure 6), demonstrating that both urban and Cal. Pub. Res. Code §42987.1(l) does rural counties have a mechanism for not define which California counties addressing the problem of illegally are urban or rural. For purposes of this dumped units. Annual Report, rural counties have been defined as those that are members of the Environmental FIGURE 6: Urban-Rural Classification Services Joint Powers Authority CRE CE T C T