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Informe 'El Valor Del Medicamento Desde Una Perspectiva Social'

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Informe 'El Valor Del Medicamento Desde Una Perspectiva Social' EL VALOR DEL MEDICAMENTO DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA SOCIAL El valor del medicamento desde una perspectiva social [ 1 ] Autor: Informe dirigido por: Álvaro Hidalgo-Vega Edita: © Fundación Weber C/ Las Norias, 123 28221 Majadahonda - Madrid email: [email protected] ISBN: 978-84-947 703-2-6 D.L.: M-8863 2018 Impreso en Madrid, marzo 2018 [ 2 ] ÍNDICE LISTADO DE ACRÓNIMOS ................................................................................................................... 5 1 PRESENTACIÓN ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2 LA CONTRIBUCIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA FARMACÉUTICA A LA ECONOMÍA ............................. 9 El empleo en la industria farmacéutica ...........................................................................................10 Producción y valor añadido en la industria farmacéutica ...........................................................15 Investigación y desarrollo en la industria farmacéutica ..............................................................21 Otras magnitudes económicas de la industria farmacéutica .....................................................27 El potencial de la biotecnología ....................................................................................................33 3 AHORRO EN COSTES DIRECTOS E INDIRECTOS DE LOS MEDICAMENTOS .........................35 Ahorro en costes directos ..................................................................................................................36 Adherencia al tratamiento y ahorro de costes ..........................................................................49 Mejoras en la productividad laboral .................................................................................................51 El poder de las vacunas .................................................................................................................56 4 RESULTADOS EN SALUD Y CALIDAD DE VIDA..............................................................................59 Mortalidad y esperanza de vida ........................................................................................................60 VIH / SIDA ..............................................................................................................................................66 Cáncer ....................................................................................................................................................73 Enfermedades cardiovasculares ......................................................................................................85 Diabetes mellitus .................................................................................................................................89 Enfermedades respiratorias ..............................................................................................................93 Vacunas .................................................................................................................................................97 Hepatitis C ...........................................................................................................................................101 Trastornos mentales .........................................................................................................................104 Enfermedad de Parkinson ................................................................................................................110 Esclerosis múltiple.............................................................................................................................113 Artritis reumatoide .............................................................................................................................117 Psoriasis ..............................................................................................................................................121 Migraña ................................................................................................................................................122 Enfermedades raras ..........................................................................................................................124 5 CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................................129 REFERENCIAS ....................................................................................................................................133 ANEXO FICHAS......................................................................................................................151 [ 3 ] [ 4 ] LISTADO DE ACRÓNIMOS 4-VPH: Vacuna tetravalente LCIG: Gel intestinal de levodopa/carbidopa AAD: Agentes antivirales directos LCOLI: Levodopa-carbidopa oral de liberación ABPI: Association of the British Pharmaceutical inmediata Industry LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol ACV: Accidente cerebrovascular M€: Millones de euros AEE: Área Económica Europea MAO-B: Monoamino oxidasa B APVP: Años potenciales de vida perdidos MenC: Meningococo C AR: Artritis reumatoide MMHH: Medicamentos huérfanos AVAC: Año de vida ajustado por calidad MME: Medicamentos modificadores AVG: Año de vida ganado MSSSI: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e BG-12: Dimetilfumarato Igualdad CMM: Cáncer de mama metastásico OCDE: Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico COF: Combinación con fluoxetina OD: Odds ratio COMT: Catecol-O-metiltransferasa OMS: Organización Mundial de la Salud CVRS: Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud PASI: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index DE: Desviación Estandar PDC: Proporción de Días Cubiertos DLQI: Dermatology Life Quality Index PDQ-39: Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 DQoLS: Dermatology Quality of Life Scale PhRMA: Pharmaceutical Research and EC: Enfermedad crónica Manufacturers of America EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale PIB: Producto Interior Bruto EFPIA: European Federation of Pharmaceutical Q-LES-Q: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Industries and Associations Questionnaire EJC: Empleo a jornada completa RCB: Ratio coste-beneficio EMA: European Medicines Agency RCEI: Ratio coste efectividad incremental ENAS: Eventos no asociados al SIDA RVS: Respuesta viral sostenida ENI: Enfermedad neumocócica invasiva SEOM: Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica EP: Enfermedad de Parkinson SF-36: Short Form 36-item Health Survey EPOC: Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica TAG: Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada EQ-5D-3L: Euroqol-5 dimensiones -3 niveles TARc: Terapia antirretroviral combinada EV: Esperanza de vida TDM: Trastorno depresivo mayor EVA: Escala Visual Analógica Tdpa: Vacuna frente a la difteria, el tétanos y la FAME: Fármaco Modificador de la Enfermedad tosferina FDA: Federal Drug Administration TM: Tumor maligno HAART: High Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy UE: Unión Europea (Terapia Antirretroviral de Gran Actividad) UPDRS: Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale HbA1C: Hemoglobina glucosilada VAB: Valor Añadido Bruto HER2: Receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento VCN: Vacuna conjugada frente al neumococo epidérmico humano VG: Verrugas genitales Hib: Haemophilus influenzae tipo b VHC: Virus de la Hepatitis C HR: Hazard Ratio VIH: Virus de Inmunodeficiencia humana I+D+i: Investigación, desarrollo e innovación VNC13: Vacuna neumocócica conjugada IC95%: Intervalo de confianza al 95% tridecavalente INE: Instituto Nacional de Estadística VNC7: Vacuna neumocócica conjugada ISRS: Inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de heptavalente serotonina VPH: Virus del papiloma humano LABA: Agonista beta-2 de acción prolongada VPI: Vacuna antipoliomielítica inactivada LAMA: Anticolinérgico de acción prolongada VPO: Vacuna antipoliomielítica oral atenuada [ 5 ] [ 6 ] 1 PRESENTACIÓN 1 PRESENTACIÓN a industria farmacéutica es un sector empresarial conformado por compañías dedicadas a la fabrica- ción, preparación y comercialización de medicamentos destinados al tratamiento y la prevención de Lenfermedades. Gran parte de la labor de la industria farmacéutica consiste en la realización y financia- ción de investigación y desarrollo (I+D) con el fin de introducir en el mercado nuevos medicamentos seguros y eficaces. La innovación farmacéutica implica un complejo proceso científico y tecnológico, asociado a dilatados pe- riodos de investigación y un notable esfuerzo inversor. Se estima que desarrollar una nueva molécula puede llegar a costar 2.700 millones de dólares y conllevar un tiempo de hasta 15 años1–3. A lo largo de este proceso, más de 10.000 moléculas son investigadas y luego descartadas antes de descubrir una molécula con proba- da eficacia y seguridad. La introducción de nuevos fármacos en el mercado ha contribuido a mejorar sustancialmente la salud y la cali- dad de vida de las personas de las sociedades modernas, ya sea encontrando cura a enfermedades, reducien- do síntomas, mejorando la supervivencia, previniendo la enfermedad, acelerando el tiempo de tratamiento y recuperación, aminorando los efectos secundarios de la medicación, reduciendo la interacción negativa con otros fármacos, o presentando formas de administración más cómodas para el paciente. Las mejoras son en muchos casos extensibles a los cuidadores informales (familiares o amigos) de los pacientes, que pueden tener una vida más independiente y dedicar más tiempo al ocio y al trabajo. Por otro lado, la innovación farmacéutica resulta
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