Three Dimensional Mobile Bed Dynamics for Sediment Transport Modeling
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Engineering Behavior and Classification of Lateritic Soils in Relation to Soil Genesis Erdil Riza Tuncer Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1976 Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils in relation to soil genesis Erdil Riza Tuncer Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Tuncer, Erdil Riza, "Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils in relation to soil genesis " (1976). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5712. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5712 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. -
Density Fractionation of Forest Soils: Methodological Questions and Interpretation of Incubation Results and Turnover Time in an Ecosystem Context
Biogeochemistry (2007) 85:69–90 DOI 10.1007/s10533-007-9100-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Density fractionation of forest soils: methodological questions and interpretation of incubation results and turnover time in an ecosystem context Susan E. Crow Æ Christopher W. Swanston Æ Kate Lajtha Æ J. Rene´e Brooks Æ Heath Keirstead Received: 11 March 2006 / Accepted: 27 November 2006 / Published online: 15 March 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) is often common density-based methods for dividing soil separated by physical means to simplify a com- into distinct organic matter fractions. Further, we plex matrix into discrete fractions. A frequent directly address the potential effects of dispersing approach to isolating two or more fractions is soil in a high density salt solution on the recov- based on differing particle densities and uses a ered fractions and implications for data inter- high density liquid such as sodium polytungstate pretation. Soil collected from forested sites at (SPT). Soil density fractions are often interpreted H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon and as organic matter pools with different carbon (C) Bousson Experimental Forest, Pennsylvania was turnover times, ranging from years to decades or separated into light and heavy fractions by floa- centuries, and with different functional roles for C tation in a 1.6 g cm–3 solution of SPT. Mass and nutrient dynamics. In this paper, we discuss balance calculations revealed that between 17% the development and mechanistic basis of and 26% of the original bulk soil C and N content was mobilized and subsequently discarded during S. -
Lesson 4: Sediment Deposition and River Structures
LESSON 4: SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AND RIVER STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What combination of factors both natural and manmade is necessary for healthy river restoration and how does this enhance the sustainability of natural and human communities? GUIDING QUESTION: As rivers age and slow they deposit sediment and form sediment structures, how are sediments and sediment structures important to the river ecosystem? OVERVIEW: The focus of this lesson is the deposition and erosional effects of slow-moving water in low gradient areas. These “mature rivers” with decreasing gradient result in the settling and deposition of sediments and the formation sediment structures. The river’s fast-flowing zone, the thalweg, causes erosion of the river banks forming cliffs called cut-banks. On slower inside turns, sediment is deposited as point-bars. Where the gradient is particularly level, the river will branch into many separate channels that weave in and out, leaving gravel bar islands. Where two meanders meet, the river will straighten, leaving oxbow lakes in the former meander bends. TIME: One class period MATERIALS: . Lesson 4- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pptx . Lesson 4a- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pdf . StreamTable.pptx . StreamTable.pdf . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pptx . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pdf . Stream Table . Sand . Reflection Journal Pages (printable handout) . Vocabulary Notes (printable handout) PROCEDURE: 1. Review Essential Question and introduce Guiding Question. 2. Hand out first Reflection Journal page and have students take a minute to consider and respond to the questions then discuss responses and questions generated. 3. Handout and go over the Vocabulary Notes. Students will define the vocabulary words as they watch the PowerPoint Lesson. -
Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations. -
Stream Restoration, a Natural Channel Design
Stream Restoration Prep8AICI by the North Carolina Stream Restonltlon Institute and North Carolina Sea Grant INC STATE UNIVERSITY I North Carolina State University and North Carolina A&T State University commit themselves to positive action to secure equal opportunity regardless of race, color, creed, national origin, religion, sex, age or disability. In addition, the two Universities welcome all persons without regard to sexual orientation. Contents Introduction to Fluvial Processes 1 Stream Assessment and Survey Procedures 2 Rosgen Stream-Classification Systems/ Channel Assessment and Validation Procedures 3 Bankfull Verification and Gage Station Analyses 4 Priority Options for Restoring Incised Streams 5 Reference Reach Survey 6 Design Procedures 7 Structures 8 Vegetation Stabilization and Riparian-Buffer Re-establishment 9 Erosion and Sediment-Control Plan 10 Flood Studies 11 Restoration Evaluation and Monitoring 12 References and Resources 13 Appendices Preface Streams and rivers serve many purposes, including water supply, The authors would like to thank the following people for reviewing wildlife habitat, energy generation, transportation and recreation. the document: A stream is a dynamic, complex system that includes not only Micky Clemmons the active channel but also the floodplain and the vegetation Rockie English, Ph.D. along its edges. A natural stream system remains stable while Chris Estes transporting a wide range of flows and sediment produced in its Angela Jessup, P.E. watershed, maintaining a state of "dynamic equilibrium." When Joseph Mickey changes to the channel, floodplain, vegetation, flow or sediment David Penrose supply significantly affect this equilibrium, the stream may Todd St. John become unstable and start adjusting toward a new equilibrium state. -
Logistic Analysis of Channel Pattern Thresholds: Meandering, Braiding, and Incising
Geomorphology 38Ž. 2001 281–300 www.elsevier.nlrlocatergeomorph Logistic analysis of channel pattern thresholds: meandering, braiding, and incising Brian P. Bledsoe), Chester C. Watson 1 Department of CiÕil Engineering, Colorado State UniÕersity, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Received 22 April 2000; received in revised form 10 October 2000; accepted 8 November 2000 Abstract A large and geographically diverse data set consisting of meandering, braiding, incising, and post-incision equilibrium streams was used in conjunction with logistic regression analysis to develop a probabilistic approach to predicting thresholds of channel pattern and instability. An energy-based index was developed for estimating the risk of channel instability associated with specific stream power relative to sedimentary characteristics. The strong significance of the 74 statistical models examined suggests that logistic regression analysis is an appropriate and effective technique for associating basic hydraulic data with various channel forms. The probabilistic diagrams resulting from these analyses depict a more realistic assessment of the uncertainty associated with previously identified thresholds of channel form and instability and provide a means of gauging channel sensitivity to changes in controlling variables. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Channel stability; Braiding; Incision; Stream power; Logistic regression 1. Introduction loads, loss of riparian habitat because of stream bank erosion, and changes in the predictability and vari- Excess stream power may result in a transition ability of flow and sediment transport characteristics from a meandering channel to a braiding or incising relative to aquatic life cyclesŽ. Waters, 1995 . In channel that is characteristically unstableŽ Schumm, addition, braiding and incising channels frequently 1977; Werritty, 1997. -
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils
United States Department of Field Indicators of Agriculture Natural Resources Hydric Soils in the Conservation Service United States In cooperation with A Guide for Identifying and Delineating the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils Hydric Soils, Version 8.2, 2018 Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States A Guide for Identifying and Delineating Hydric Soils Version 8.2, 2018 (Including revisions to versions 8.0 and 8.1) United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils Edited by L.M. Vasilas, Soil Scientist, NRCS, Washington, DC; G.W. Hurt, Soil Scientist, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and J.F. Berkowitz, Soil Scientist, USACE, Vicksburg, MS ii In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. -
Palu Colostate 0053A 15347.Pdf
DISSERTATION FLOODWAVE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT ALONG THE DOCE RIVER AFTER THE FUNDÃO TAILINGS DAM COLLAPSE (BRAZIL) Submitted by Marcos Cristiano Palu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Spring 2019 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Pierre Julien Christopher Thornton Robert Ettema Sara Rathburn Copyright by Marcos Cristiano Palu 2019 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT FLOODWAVE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT ALONG THE DOCE RIVER AFTER THE FUNDÃO TAILINGS DAM COLLAPSE (BRAZIL) The collapse of the Fundão Tailings Dam in November 2015 spilled 32 Mm3 of mine waste, causing a substantial socio-economic and environmental damage within the Doce River basin in Brazil. Approximately 90% of the spilled volume deposited over 118 km downstream of Fundão Dam on floodplains. Nevertheless, high concentration of suspended sediment (≈ 400,000 mg/l) reached the Doce River, where the floodwave and sediment wave traveled at different velocities over 550 km to the Atlantic Ocean. The one-dimensional advection- dispersion equation with sediment settling was solved to determine, for tailing sediment, the longitudinal dispersion coefficient and the settling rate along the river and in the reservoirs (Baguari, Aimorés and Mascarenhas). The values found for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient ranged from 30 to 120 m2/s, which are consistent with those in the literature. Moreover, the sediment settling rate along the whole extension of the river corresponds to the deposition of finer material stored in Fundão Dam, which particle size ranged from 1.1 to 2 . The simulation of the flashy hydrographs on the Doce River after the dam collapse was initially carried out with several widespread one-dimensional flood routing methods, including the Modified Puls, Muskingum-Cunge, Preissmann, Crank Nicolson and QUICKEST. -
Fluvial Sedimentary Patterns
ANRV400-FL42-03 ARI 13 November 2009 11:49 Fluvial Sedimentary Patterns G. Seminara Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2010. 42:43–66 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on sediment transport, morphodynamics, stability, meander, dunes, bars August 17, 2009 The Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is online at Abstract fluid.annualreviews.org Geomorphology is concerned with the shaping of Earth’s surface. A major by University of California - Berkeley on 02/08/12. For personal use only. This article’s doi: contributing mechanism is the interaction of natural fluids with the erodible 10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145612 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2010.42:43-66. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org surface of Earth, which is ultimately responsible for the variety of sedi- Copyright c 2010 by Annual Reviews. mentary patterns observed in rivers, estuaries, coasts, deserts, and the deep All rights reserved submarine environment. This review focuses on fluvial patterns, both free 0066-4189/10/0115-0043$20.00 and forced. Free patterns arise spontaneously from instabilities of the liquid- solid interface in the form of interfacial waves affecting either bed elevation or channel alignment: Their peculiar feature is that they express instabilities of the boundary itself rather than flow instabilities capable of destabilizing the boundary. Forced patterns arise from external hydrologic forcing affect- ing the boundary conditions of the system. After reviewing the formulation of the problem of morphodynamics, which turns out to have the nature of a free boundary problem, I discuss systematically the hierarchy of patterns observed in river basins at different scales. -
Manuscript, Helped to Motivate the Work
Long-Profile Evolution of Transport-Limited Gravel-Bed Rivers Andrew D. Wickert1 and Taylor F. Schildgen2,3 1Department of Earth Sciences and Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 2Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. 3Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. Correspondence to: A. D. Wickert ([email protected]) Abstract. Alluvial and transport-limited bedrock rivers constitute the majority of fluvial systems on Earth. Their long profiles hold clues to their present state and past evolution. We currently possess first-principles-based governing equations for flow, sediment transport, and channel morphodynamics in these systems, which we lack for detachment-limited bedrock rivers. Here we formally couple these equations for transport-limited gravel-bed river long-profile evolution. The result is a new predictive 5 relationship whose functional form and parameters are grounded in theory and defined through experimental data. From this, we produce a power-law analytical solution and a finite-difference numerical solution to long-profile evolution. Steady-state channel concavity and steepness are diagnostic of external drivers: concavity decreases with increasing uplift, and steepness increases with increasing sediment-to-water supply ratio. Constraining free parameters explains common observations of river form: To match observed channel concavities, gravel-sized sediments must weather and fine – typically rapidly – and valleys 10 must widen gradually. To match the empirical square-root width–discharge scaling in equilibrium-width gravel-bed rivers, downstream fining must occur. The ability to assign a cause to such observations is the direct result of a deductive approach to developing equations for landscape evolution. -
Erosional Resistance of Cohesive Sediments in Coastal Saltmarshes
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2013 Erosional resistance of cohesive sediments in coastal saltmarshes Hem Raj Pant Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Pant, Hem Raj, "Erosional resistance of cohesive sediments in coastal saltmarshes" (2013). LSU Master's Theses. 386. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/386 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EROSIONAL RESISTANCE OF COHESIVE SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL SALTMARSHES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering in The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering by Hem Raj Pant B.E., Tribhuvan University, 2007 August 2013 To My Parents My Family And My Teachers ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply grateful to my advisor, Dr. Guoping Zhang for providing me with an opportunity and financial support to pursue graduate study at Louisiana State University. I sincerely appreciate his perpetual support and guidance throughout my graduate study and research. I am also thankful to advisory committee members, Dr. Murad Yusuf Abu-Farsakh and Dr. Jongwon Jung for their kind cooperation and guidance during this research. -
Channel Aggradation by Beaver Dams on a Small Agricultural Stream in Eastern Nebraska
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 9-12-2004 Channel Aggradation by Beaver Dams on a Small Agricultural Stream in Eastern Nebraska M. C. McCullough University of Nebraska-Lincoln J. L. Harper University of Nebraska-Lincoln D. E. Eisenhauer University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] M. G. Dosskey USDA National Agroforestry Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons McCullough, M. C.; Harper, J. L.; Eisenhauer, D. E.; and Dosskey, M. G., "Channel Aggradation by Beaver Dams on a Small Agricultural Stream in Eastern Nebraska" (2004). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 147. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/147 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. This is not a peer-reviewed article. Self-Sustaining Solutions for Streams, Wetlands, and Watersheds, Proceedings of the 12-15 September 2004 Conference (St. Paul, Minnesota USA) Publication Date 12 September 2004 ASAE Publication Number 701P0904. Ed. J. L. D'Ambrosio Channel Aggradation by Beaver Dams on a Small Agricultural Stream in Eastern Nebraska M. C. McCullough1, J. L. Harper2, D.E. Eisenhauer3, M. G. Dosskey4 ABSTRACT We assessed the effect of beaver dams on channel gradation of an incised stream in an agricultural area of eastern Nebraska.