NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ORGANIZATIONS and TRADE Pol
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Knowledge-Bearing Elites and Industrial Performance in France and Germany by J
Program for the Study of Germany and Europe Working Paper Series '4.5 Knowledge-Bearing Elites and Industrial Performance in France and Germany by J. Nicholas Ziegler M IT Sloan School of Management E52-581 Cambridge MA 02139 revised December 1993 Abstract Most comparative studies of public policies for competitiveness focus on the links among public agencies and industrial sectors. This paper argues that the professions---or knowledge-bearing elites-that animate these organizational links are equally significant. For public policies to promote technological advance, the visions and self-images of knowledge-bearing elites are par ticularly important. By examining administrative and technical elites in France and Germany in the 1980s, the paper identifies characteristics that enable these elites to implement policy in some cases, but not in others. France's "state-created" elites were well-positioned to initiate and implement large technology projects, such as digitizing the telecommunications network. Germany's state-recognized elites were, by contrast, better positioned to facilitate framework oriented programs that aimed at the diffusion of new technologies throughout industry. The linkages among administrative and technical elites also explain why French policymakers had difficulty adapting policy to changing circumstances over time while German policymakers managed in many cases to learn more from previous policy experiences and to adapt subse quent initiatives accordingly. 1 Knowledge-Bearing Elites and Industrial Performance -
14.770: Introduction to Political Economy
14.770: Introduction to Political Economy Daron Acemoglu and Benjamin Olken Fall 2018. This course is intended as an introduction to field of political economy. It is the first part of the two-part sequence in political economy, along with 14.773 which will be offered in the spring. Combined the purpose of the two classes is to give you both a sense of the frontier research topics and a good command of the tools in the area. The reading list is intentionally long, to give those of you interested in the field an opportunity to dig deeper into some of the topics in this area. The lectures will cover the material with *'s in detail and also discuss the material without *'s, but in less detail. Grading: Class requirements: • Problem sets (50% of grade). You may work in groups of maximum 2 students on the problem sets, and even then each of you must hand in your own solutions. There will be approximately 5-6 problem sets in total, covering a mix of theory and empirics. • Final Exam. (40% of grade). • Class participation (10% of grade) Course Information: Professors Daron Acemoglu: [email protected] Benjamin Olken: [email protected] Teaching Assistant Mateo Montenegro: mateo [email protected] Lecture MW 10:30-12:00 (E51-376) Recitation F 12:00 - 1:00 (E51-372) 1 Collective Choices and Voting (DA, 9/6 & 9/11) These two lectures introduce some basic notions from the theory of collective choice and the basic static voting models. 1. Arrow, Kenneth J. (1951, 2nd ed., 1963). -
Contracts As Reference Points*
CONTRACTS AS REFERENCE POINTS* Oliver Hart and John Moore July 2006, revised March 2007 We argue that a contract provides a reference point for a trading relationship: more precisely, for parties’ feelings of entitlement. A party’s ex post performance depends on whether he gets what he is entitled to relative to outcomes permitted by the contract. A party who is shortchanged shades on performance. A flexible contract allows parties to adjust their outcome to uncertainty, but causes inefficient shading. Our analysis provides a basis for long-term contracts in the absence of noncontractible investments, and elucidates why “employment” contracts, which fix wage in advance and allow the employer to choose the task, can be optimal. * An early version of this paper was entitled “Partial Contracts.” We are particularly indebted to Andrei Shleifer and Jeremy Stein for useful comments and for urging us to develop Section V. We would also like to thank Philippe Aghion, Jennifer Arlen, Daniel Benjamin, Omri Ben- Shahar, Richard Craswell, Stefano Della Vigna, Tore Ellingsen, Florian Englmaier, Edward Glaeser, Elhanan Helpman, Ben Hermalin, Louis Kaplow, Emir Kamenica, Henrik Lando, Steve Leider, Jon Levin, Bentley MacLeod, Ulrike Malmendier, Sendhil Mullainathan, Al Roth, Jozsef Sakovics, Klaus Schmidt, Jonathan Thomas, Jean Tirole, Joel Watson, Birger Wernerfelt, two editors and three referees for helpful suggestions. In addition we have received useful feedback from audiences at the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods in Bonn, -
We, the Undersigned Economists, Represent a Broad Variety of Areas of Expertise and Are United in Our Opposition to Donald Trump
We, the undersigned economists, represent a broad variety of areas of expertise and are united in our opposition to Donald Trump. We recommend that voters choose a different candidate on the following grounds: . He degrades trust in vital public institutions that collect and disseminate information about the economy, such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics, by spreading disinformation about the integrity of their work. He has misled voters in states like Ohio and Michigan by asserting that the renegotiation of NAFTA or the imposition of tariffs on China would substantially increase employment in manufacturing. In fact, manufacturing’s share of employment has been declining since the 1970s and is mostly related to automation, not trade. He claims to champion former manufacturing workers, but has no plan to assist their transition to well-compensated service sector positions. Instead, he has diverted the policy discussion to options that ignore both the reality of technological progress and the benefits of international trade. He has misled the public by asserting that U.S. manufacturing has declined. The location and product composition of manufacturing has changed, but the level of output has more than doubled in the U.S. since the 1980s. He has falsely suggested that trade is zero-sum and that the “toughness” of negotiators primarily drives trade deficits. He has misled the public with false statements about trade agreements eroding national income and wealth. Although the gains have not been equally distributed—and this is an important discussion in itself—both mean income and mean wealth have risen substantially in the U.S. -
Theloerder Institute for Economic Research
-TEL- /WI Theloerder Institute for Economic Research, Tel Aviv University 'The Eitan Berglas School of Economics CRV 44 GIANNINI FOUNDATiON OF GRIcULTURAL NOIVIICS Trim inivu raT wily' 173'73 li7n1)i7 IDD TaTi-17J1 110'011'31N mann iv1rY7 no`71-17Dri JOHN NASH: THE MASTER OF ECONOMIC MODELING by Ariel Rubinstein* Working Paper No.29-94 November, 1994 * The Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel-Aviv University and Princeton University Prepared for the Scandinavian Journal of Economics THE FOERDER INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC RESEARCH Faculty of Social Sciences Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel. page 2 1. John Nash During the past two decades non-cooperative game theory has become a central topic in economic theory. Many scholars have contributed to this revolution, none more than John Nash. Following the publication of von Neumann and Morgenstern's book, it was Nash's papers in the early fifties that pointed the way for future research in game theory. The notion of Nash equilibrium is indispensable. Nash's formulation of the bargaining problem and the Nash bargaining solution constitute the cornerstone of modern bargaining theory. His insights into the non-cooperative foundations of cooperative game theory initiated an area of research known as the Nash program. His analysis of the demand game, in which he uses a perturbation of a game to select an equilibrium, inspired the construction of several refinements of the notion of Nash equilibrium. A scholar's influence does not necessarily qualify him for a Nobel prize. One may argue that such awards are a social institution established to serve social goals. -
Economic Globalization
Economic Globalization Academic Year: 2016/2017 Semester: 4th Term Instructor(s): Isabel Horta Correia Course Description: Facts of globalization. Globalization and Macro in Open Economies. Competitiveness and Productivity. The distribution of the gains of globalization. Policies for/against globalization. ___________________________________________________________________________ Course Content: 1- Macroeconomics in a global economy. 2- Global imbalances. 3- What is globalization? 2- Facts on globalization. 3- Competitiveness and productivity. 4- Gains from globalization. 5- The distribution across countries and across agents of globalization gains/losses and the political economy of globalization. ____________________________________________________________________________ Course Objectives: Understanding of the globalization controversy with the economist lens. The myths and its robustness to economic theory. _____________________________________________________________________________ Grading: Intermediate continuous evaluation: 50% Final test: 50% Extra Costs (case studies, platforms...): Not applicable _____________________________________________________________________________ Suggested Bibliography: • Ruo Chen, Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti and Thierry Tressel, 2013, “External imbalances in the eurozone”, Economic Policy, pp. 101–142 • Gian-Maria Milesi-Ferretti and Cédric Tille, 2011 ,“The great retrenchment: international capital flows during the global financial crisis”, Economic Policy, pp. 289–346 • Sascha O. Becker and Marc-Andreas -
ISSUES in CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Volume 2: Macroeconomics and Econometrics ISSUES in CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Congress Editor: Amartya Sen
ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Volume 2: Macroeconomics and Econometrics ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Congress Editor: Amartya Sen Volume 1 MARKETS AND WELFARE Kenneth J. Arrow (editor) Volume 2 MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS Marc Nerlove (editor) Volume 3 POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT Partha Dasgupta (editor) Volume 4 WOMEN'S WORK IN THE WORLD ECONOMY Nancy Folbre, Barbara Bergmann, Bina Agarwal and Maria Floro (editors) Volume 5 THE GREEK ECONOMY: ECONOMIC POLICY FOR THE 1990s Thanos S. Skouras (editor) lEA conference volume series Series Standing Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your standing order. (If you live outside the United Kingdom we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, R02l 2 XS, England. Issues in Contemporary Economics Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of the International Economic Association, Athens, Greece Congress Editor: Amartya Sen Volume 2 MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS Edited by Marc Nerlove in association with the M PALGRAVE MACMILLAN MACMILLAN © International Economic Association 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WClE 7DP. -
Confronting Conventional Threats to Free Trade: the Postwar Revolution in the Theory of Commercial Policy
LECTURE 1 Confronting Conventional Threats to Free Trade: The Postwar Revolution in the Theory of Commercial Policy Why Free Trade Fails to Persuade Conventional Dissent from Within: Key Role of Market Failure or Distortions Returning to Free Trade: Fixing Domestic Distortions Directly Tackling External Distortions: Restoring Free Trade Differently Theory of Directly Unproductive Profit-Seeking Activities: Reinforcing the Case for Free Trade Free Trade and Growth THE merit of free trade was discovered and disclosed by Adam Smith in his monumental work The Wealth of Nations (though, as with Newton and Leibniz on calculus, we must recognize the remarkable work of Abbe´ de Condillac, whose essay Commerce and Government was published in the same year as The Wealth of Nations and is a far more elegant and sharp statement of this case).1 The rationale for free trade is thus over two centuries old. Building his case on the gains from trade to be had from specialization reflecting the divi- sion of labor, Smith had the essence of the argument right. But it was left to David Ricardo (building on James Mill) to clinch the case formally. Ricardo used a stripped-down model— only one factor of production with constant productivity of 1 Commerce and Government is now available in a splendid translation by the historian Shelagh Eltis. Cf. Etienne Bonnot, abbe´ de Condillac, Commerce and Government, with introduction by Shelagh and Walter Eltis (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 1997). Interestingly, Condillac was also a philosopher of the French Enlightenment. The contrasting styles of Adam Smith and Abbe´ de Condillac remind one of Marshall set against Walras. -
Top 5% Authors, Number of Downloads Through Repec Services Over the Past 12 Months, Weighted by Number of Authors, As of December 2017
24.01.2018 Economst Rankngs, Number of Downloads through RePEc Servces over the past 12 months, Weghted by Number of Authors | IDEAS/… Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/ Top 5% Authors, Number of Downloads through RePEc Services over the past 12 months, Weighted by Number of Authors, as of December 2017 What this page is about This page is part of a larger set of rankings for research items, serial, individuals and institutions made available on this site. A FAQ is available. Additional detail specific to this particular ranking are: Only authors registered with the RePEc Author Service are considered. Only works listed on RePEc and claimed as theirs by registered authors are counted. Number of downloads in the past 12 months (January 2017-December 2017) from the various RePEc sites (IDEAS, EconPapers, Socionet, NEP). For details, see LogEc. The score of each work is divided by the number of authors. There are 51795 registered authors evaluated for all the rankings. Similar rankings Entity Full ranking Last 10 years 10 best authors Top 5% authors More Authors Short Details Short Details More Institutions Short Details Short Details Short Details All years Last 10 More Regions Short Details Short Details More Same ranking by institutions, countries and regions, and more rankings for authors, including the criteria used here. The rankings Rank Author Score 1 Jeffrey Marc Wooldridge 7630.92 Economics Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (USA) 2 Ben Jann 6521.58 3 Nicholas Cox 6186.5 4 Christopher F Baum 6047.7 Department of Economics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (USA) 5 Ilhan Ozturk 5162.8 İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Çağ Üniversitesi, Mersin, Turkey Joseph E. -
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IDEAS and GROWTH Robert E
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IDEAS AND GROWTH Robert E. Lucas, Jr. Working Paper 14133 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14133 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 June 2008 A version of this paper was given as the 2008 Economica Phillips Lecture at LSE on February 7, 2008. I thank Francesco Caselli and other participants in that event for their comments. I am also grateful for conversations with Fernando Alvarez, Jess Benhabib, Francisco Buera, Jonathan Eaton, James Heckman, Boyan Jovanovic, Sam Kortum, Casey Mulligan, and Nancy Stokey, and for the assistance and suggestions of Ferdinando Monte. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2008 by Robert E. Lucas, Jr.. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Ideas and Growth Robert E. Lucas, Jr. NBER Working Paper No. 14133 June 2008, Revised July 2008 JEL No. O0 ABSTRACT What is it about modern capitalist economies that allows them, in contrast to all earlier societies, to generate sustained growth in productivity and living standards? It is widely agreed that the productivity growth of the industrialized economies is mainly an ongoing intellectual achievement, a sustained flow of new ideas. Are these ideas the achievements of a few geniuses, Newton, Beethoven, and a handful of others, viewed as external to the activities of ordinary people? Are they the product of a specialized research sector, engaged in the invention of patent-protected processes over which they have monopoly rights? Both images are based on important features of reality and both have inspired interesting growth theories, but neither seems to me central. -
Department of Economics Graduate Connection Vol
Northwestern University - Department of Economics Graduate Connection Vol. 16 No. 3 March 2011 News ....................... 1 News five and above are not eligible for TGS Events ...................... 3 summer funding.) Teaching..................... 4 TGS has set us a budget constraint of 48 Formal Announcements ......... 8 Mortensen Conference summer fellowships. We have a total of 67 Funding Opportunities ......... 10 students in years 2 through 4. The first Notes ...................... 10 A conference honoring Professor Dale priority is those students guaranteed Mortensen will be held at the Allen Center summer funding in their offer letters on Friday April 15 and the morning of (typically those given a University Saturday April 16. The program can be Fellowship in their first year). Of course seen at a link from the front page of the some students obtain paid RAships and Department’s web site. So that we can others work away from Evanston. plan for the numbers attending, free Consequently, in the past few years we registration is required by Monday April 4. have (just) managed to fund all eligible A handout detailing how you can register is students seeking summer funding. in your mailbox. We cannot guarantee that we will not In addition to the speakers, other leading have to ration this summer. Students, researchers will be attendance, as will especially those admitted without a many alums of our PhD program. University Fellowship, can obtain certainty of funding by seeking out paid RAships Nemmers Prize from Economics or Kellogg faculty. Irrespective of your initial funding, you The winner of the 2010 Erwin Plein have to have met the Department’s usual Graduate Connection Nemmers Prize in Economics, Elhanan progress goals to obtain funding. -
Elhanan Helpman Born
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Elhanan Helpman Born: In Dzalabad, the former USSR Citizenship: Israeli; U.S. permanent resident Military Service: 1963–1966 CURRENT POSITION Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade, Harvard University EDUCATION Studies, Tel Aviv University: 1966–1969 B.A. (Cum Laude) Economics, Statistics 1969–1971 M.A. (Summa cum Laude) Economics Studies, Harvard University: 1971–1974 Ph.D. Economics EXPERIENCE Tel Aviv University: 1974–1976 Lecturer, Department of Economics 1976–1978 Senior Lecturer 1977 Tenure 1978–1981 Associate Professor 1981–1982 Chairman, Department of Economics 1981–1988 Professor of Economics 1985–1987 Director, Sapir Center for Development 1988–2004 Archie Sherman Professor of International Economic Relations 1990–1992 Director, The Foerder Institute for Economic Research 1991–1992 Director, The Sackler Institute for Economic Studies 2004– Emeritus Professor Harvard University: 1997–2002 Professor of Economics 2000– Faculty Associate, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs 2002– Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade 2003– Faculty Associate, Institute for Quantitative Social Science Other Institutions: 1986– Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research 1992– Research Fellow, Center for Economic Policy Research 1992–2015 Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research 2015– Distinguished Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research 1994–2002 Director, Economic Growth and Policy Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research 2002– Research Fellow, CESifo 2002–