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Evaluation of Artistic Gymnastics Vault Board Design Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 Evaluation of artistic gymnastics vault board design Courtney Middelkoop Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Industrial Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Middelkoop, Courtney, "Evaluation of artistic gymnastics vault board design" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17745. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17745 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluation of artistic gymnastics vault board design by Courtney Middelkoop A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Industrial Engineering Program of Study Committee: Richard Stone, Major Professor Michael Helwig Stephen Vardeman The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Courtney Middelkoop, 2019. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGMENTS ................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TERMS ............................................................................................................................v ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 References ................................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2. GYMNASTICS VAULT BOARD DESIGN: A COMPARISON OF SPRING CONFIGURATION AND STYLE OF SPRING – PRELIMINARY STUDY ............................. 8 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 9 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Participants ............................................................................................................................ 11 Procedures ............................................................................................................................. 11 Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 11 Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 11 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 14 Limitations ............................................................................................................................. 14 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 15 References ................................................................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER 3. EVALUATION OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS VAULT BOARD DESIGN .....17 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 17 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 18 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Participants ............................................................................................................................ 19 Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 20 Data Collection Equipment ................................................................................................... 23 Experimental Procedures ....................................................................................................... 26 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 27 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 29 iii Survey Results & Comments ................................................................................................. 29 Vault Board Sensor (VBS) .................................................................................................... 34 Video Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 34 Electromyography (EMG) Analysis ...................................................................................... 40 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 42 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 44 References ................................................................................................................................. 45 APPENDIX A: IRB APPROVAL .................................................................................................47 APPENDIX B: VAULT BOARD SENSOR (VBS) .....................................................................49 APPENDIX C: COMPRESSION ANALYSIS .............................................................................51 APPENDIX D. KNEE ANGLE ....................................................................................................53 APPENDIX E. EMG ANALYSIS ................................................................................................60 iv ACKNOWLEGMENTS First, I would like to thank Dr. Stone, who has been a great resource, guide, and mentor throughout the entirety of this thesis project. Thanks for always being excited and interested in learning about gymnastics. There is still time for you to do a vault. Next, I would like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Helwig and Dr. Vardeman for your guidance and help on this project. Your support throughout the whole process was greatly appreciated. Thank you Dr. Helwig for funding the IE broomball intramurals which allowed me to get some fun physical activity time to help reduce the stresses of research. Third, I would like to thank the Iowa State Gymnastics Team, Emerge Gymnastics, and Richardson Gymnastics Team for allowing me to conduct research in your facilities and giving me permission to ask your gymnasts to participate in this study. Thank you for trusting me and taking the time out of practice to allow me to collect data. Fourth, I would also like to thank Colten Fales and the rest of the ATHENA Lab for their help in everything from moving gymnastics equipment across campus, to data analysis, and for providing me encouragement through this process. Lastly, thank you to my friends and family for their continued support through my gymnastics journey and this process. I would not be where I am without them. v LIST OF TERMS Front entry: A type of vault entry style where the gymnast runs, hurdles, and strikes the vault board resulting in a forward-facing direction of the vault table. Vaults of this entry style include handsprings and Tsukahara. Back entry: A type of vault entry style where the gymnast runs, hurdles, completes a round-off, and strikes the vault board resulting in a backward-facing direction of the vault table. Vaults of this entry style are called a Yurchenko. Pre-flight: Anything that occurs before the gymnast contacts the vault table. Post-flight: Anything that occurs after the gymnast contact the vault table. Normally includes a flip off the vault table. Vault timer: Consists of the completion of the pre-flight phase of the vault without performing the post-flight (or flip) off the vault table. Commonly used as a warmup or practice before completing a full vault. Sweet spot: Optimal area on the vault board for the gymnast to strike. vi ABSTRACT Ever since its introduction at the 1896 Athens Olympics, artistic gymnastics has continued to evolve into the sport it is today. Over the years, the physical demands placed on the gymnast have increased as gymnasts continue to increase their
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