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Planning Optimum Location for Wireless Tower in Gis Environment

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Planning Optimum Location for Wireless Tower in Gis Environment PLANNING OPTIMUM LOCATION FOR WIRELESS TOWER IN GIS ENVIRONMENT A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING (With Specialization in Geomatics Engineering) By SVL!AY KUMAII C IIAUf$ASHA DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE-247 667 (INDIA) JUNE,, 2006 - CANDIDATE DECLARATION I here by declare that the work presented as the project entitled "Planning Optimum Location for Wireless Tower in GIS Environment" in partial fulfillment of requirements of award of the Masters of Technology in Civil Engineering with specialization in Geomatics Engineering, submitted in Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, is an authentic record of my own work carried under the guidance of Dr. P.K.Garg, Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee The matter submitted in this Thesis report has not submitted by me for the award of any other degree. Date: o/o6~aC \I~ Place: Roorkee (Vijay Kumar Chaurasia) Certificate This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. (Dr. P.K.Ga g) Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee — 247667, Uttaranchal, India i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of great pleasure for me to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. P.K.Garg, Professor, Department of civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, for his meticulous guidance during the course of my whole Thesis work. The completion of this whole work would have been impossible without his invaluable guidance and everlasting encouragement. My association with them for excels the scope of this study and indeed it has been a great experience. With deep regards, I thank him to make my work success. My sincere thanks to all faculty members of Geomatics Engineering Section for their constant encouragements, caring words, constructive criticism and suggestions towards the successful completion of this work. My sincere thanks to lab technicians and supporting staffs, who helped me timely. Also I am grateful to my friend MISS POONAM NEGI and MR.VENKAT CHAUDHARY for their moral support and encouragement. Last but not the least, I am highly Indebted to my parents and family members, whose sincere prayers, best wises moral support and encouragement have a constant source of assurance, guidance, strength and inspiration to me. DATED: Vijay Kumar Chaurasia ii ABSTRACT Mobile cellular communication has already entered the mass market, and mobile internet services will soon become a reality. The frequent use of mobile radio technologies for people are has a direct impact on the deployment of base stations or radio access points, including antennas. To serve an increasing number of users, it requires an increasing number of base stations. Thus, operators must. carefully plan the deployment and configurations of radio base stations in order to support at a level of quality expected by customers. Planning is used to help radio engineers in their difficult tasks of balancing requirements or radio coverage and quality with customer's satisfaction and other practical aspects. These planning make extensive uses of functionalities very similar to a Geographical Information System (GIS) or even to base their product on a GIS. Furthermore, because radio communication between base stations and users is crucial, all computations are based on the use of radio-propagation predictions. Until recently, empirical propagation prediction seemed sufficient. However, more efficient planning and the planning of nonvoice services or of a mixture of voice and nonvoice services require more accurate propagation-prediction models. These propagation models are usually based on the computation of the physical interaction of radio waves and the environment. The establishment of tower cannot be performed efficiently manually because of their complexity and because of the time pressure involved in deploying costly infrastructure. Thus, there is a need of classification of area type and planning by radio engineers to design, analyses, and compare various scenarios. Thus, more detailed information is required, especially in urban environments where most users are located. If we are going to establish the towers, there should be need of consideration of road networks, railway lines and settlements of whole area planning in land use area. The aim is to develop some relationship between radio- propagation models used for mobile radio network planning and find the existed coverage and establish the new wireless tower where coverage are very less (or no coverage). The actual position of wireless towers can be identifying after ground survey only. The simulation results show the use of conventional propagation models and rough geographical databases for the planning of future cellular systems. CONTENTS Page No. CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION i CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENNTS ii ABSTRACT iii CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 GENERAL 1 1.2 DEMAND OF THE WIRELESS TOWER 2 1.3 BJECTIVES OF STUDY 2 CHAPTER2 MOBILE COMMUNICATION: BASICS 3 2.1 THE GENERATION OF MOBILE NETWORKS 3 2.2 ARCHITECTURE OF WIRELESS NETWORKS 4 2.2.1 Mobile Station (MS) 5 2.2.2 Base Transceiver Station (BTS) or Cell Tower 6 2.2.3 Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 6 2.2.4 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 7 2.2.5 Location Registers 7 2.2.6 Equipment Identity Register (EIR) 8 2.2.7 Authentication Center (AUC) 8 iv 2.3 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM) 8 2.4 UP LINK/ DOWN LINK FREQUANCIES 9 CHAPTER 3 THE CELLULAR CONCEPT 10 3.1 GENERAL 11 3.2 CELL SHAPE 11 3.3 FREQUANCY REUSE 12 3.4 CONCEPT OF HANDOFF 13 3.5 CONCEPT OF TRUNKING 15 CHAPTER 4 COVERAGE PLANNING 16 4.1 GENERAL 16 4.2 COVERAGE DEFINITION 17 4.3 AREA DEFINITION 17 4.3.1 Definition of Morphology Classification 17 4.3.1.1. Dense urban 17 4.3.1.2 Urban 17 4.3.1.2 Suburban 18 4.3.1.3 Rural 18 4.4 PROPAGATION PREDICTION MODELS 18 4.4.1 Okumura Hata Model 20 4.4.2 Maximum Path Losses Allowed 21 4.5 SPECIFIC COVERAGE REQUIREMENT 21 4.6 SPECIFIC RESTRICTIONS 22 v CHAPTER 5 DATA SET AND METHODOLOGY 23 5.1 GENERAL 23 5.2 THE STUDY AREA 23 5.3 GIS DATA SET 24 5.3.1 Topographical Maps 24 5.3.2 Municipal Digital Maps 24 5.3.3 PAN (Panchromatic) Data 26 5.4 SITE PARAMETERS 27 5.4.1 EIRP (Elective Isotopic Radiated Power) Values 29 5.4.2 Site names, Locations and Antenna Heights 29 5.4.3 Up link/Down link Frequencies 30 5.5 SOFT WARES USED IN COVERAGE PLANNING 31 5.5.1 Are GIS 8.3 31 5.5.2 ERADAS Imagine 8.6 32 5.5.3 Visual Basic 6.0 32 5.6 METHODOLOGY 32 5.6.1 Registration 33 5.6.2 Mosaicking 33 5.6.3 Digitization 34 5.6.4 Overlay 34 5.6.5 Buffer 35 5.6.5.1 Buffer for the coverage planning 35 5.6.5.2 Buffer for the road networks and railway lines 35 5.6.6 Thiessen Polygon 35 5.7 WORK FLOW DIAGRAM 38 vi CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 41 6.1 GENERAL 41 6.2 DIGITIZATION OF POINTS, LINES AND POLYGONS FEATURES 41 6.2.1 Points Features 41 6.2.2 Lines features 42 6.2.3 Polygon Features 6.3 OVERLAY OF FEATURES 43 6.4 ANALYSIS OF OKUMURA HATA MODEL FOR 43 COVERAGE PLANNING 6.4.1 Decision of the Area Type and Coverage 46 6.5 BUFERING AROUND THE EXISTING POSITIONS 55 6.6 BUFFERING AROUND THE LINE FEATURES 55 6.7 THEISSEN POLYGON ANALYSIS 56 6.8 NEW TOWER POSITION 59 6.9 RESULTS 65 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 66 7.1 CONCLUSION 66 REFRENCES 67 vii LIST OF FIGURES S. No. Title Page No. 2.1 Architecture of Wireless Networks 6 2.2 Concept of uplink/down link scenario 9 2.3 Frequency division for uplink/down link 10 3.1 Concept of cell shape 12 3.2 Concept of Reuse 13 3.3 Handoff scenario in cellular systems 14 5.1 Haridwar district in Uttranchal State of India 24 5.2 Mosaic Topographical maps at 1:50,000 Scale (Source: Survey of India) 25 5.3 Map of Haridwar City at 131db0 scale 26 5.4 Map of Roorkee city at 1 1200 scale 27 5.5 Mosaic PAN image with boundary of Haridwar District 28 5.6 Concept of Thiessen polygons 36 5.7 Work flow diagram 40 6.1 Toposheet of Haridwar District Alongwith Digitization of Existing 42 Towers Position, Railway Lines, Major Roads, Water Features/Rivers and Canals. 6..2 Classified Map of Urban ,Sub Urban(by Polygon) of Haridwar City 44 Alongwith Existing Towers Positions. 6.3 Classified Map of Urban, Sub Urban(by Polygon) of Roorkee City 44 Alongwith Existing Towers Positions. viii 6.4 Classified PAN Image of Urban, Sub Urban,Dense Forest and Hilly 45 Forest (by Polygon Digitization) Alongwith Existing Towers Positions 6.5 Overlay of Road Network, Railway Lines, Canal, River, Urban, 45 Sub Urban, Dense Forest, Hilly Forest at PAN Image Alongwith Existing Tower Position 6.6 Okumura Hata Model (programming in Visual Basic 6.) 47 6.7 Coverage (More than 90% Probability of Getting Signal) of Existing 56 Towers in Haridwar District. 6.8 Buffer Created Both Side of Major Roads and Railway 57 Lines( for Rural=3 km,Sub urban=1 km ,Urban =0.5 km) 6.9 Information About the Urban, Sub Urban, Hilly Forest, Canals, 58 Railway Lines, Rivers Major roads and buffer in Haridwar city along with Existing Wireless Tower Positions.
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