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Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure. -
Egg Retrieval by Blue Geese.--Lorenz and Tinbergen (1938)
202 General Notes [Auk, Vol. 90 Egg retrieval by Blue Geese.--Lorenz and Tinbergen (1938) used egg-retrieval behavior of Greylag Geese (Anser anser) to study simple instinctive motor patterns with an orienting component (taxis). They consideredthat such innate motor patterns "may have great taxonomic value for a species,a gentis, or even for a whole phylum." Poulsen (1953), finding the behavior to be present in several distinct systematicgroups concludedthat egg-retrieval behavior had evolved convergently in these groupsand could not be used as a taxonomiccharacter. He listed 42 species representing12 orders that rolled displacedeggs back into nests and only 2 orders (Pelecaniformes,Passedformes) that did not. There was no variation between species within an order; either all speciestested retrieved eggs or none did. Poulsen (1953: 32) and Sowks (1955: 101-102) together list 12 speciesof Anseriformesthat re- trieved eggs (Cygnus 2, Anser 4, Tadorna 1, Anas 3, Aythya 2). It is thus of interest that no female Blue Geese (Anser caerulescens) of 10 tested by Gooch (1958: 102) retrieved displaced eggs. As Gooch pointed out, the absenceof egg- retrieval behavior in the Blue Goose, a speciesthat has been included in the New World genus Chen (A.O.U., 1957) might have taxonomic significanceat the generic level. The observations reported here show that the proclivity and ability to re- trieve eggs is well-developed in Blue Geese. Several authorities (e.g. Delacour and Mayr, 1945; Johnsgard, 1965) have regarded Chen as invalid, placing it in Anser. Both Blue and LesserSnow Geeseare regardedin this paper as color phasesof the polymorphic subspeciesAnser c. -
Recent Introgression Between Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose Results in a Largely Homogeneous Landscape of Genetic Differentiation
Heredity (2020) 125:73–84 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-020-0322-z ARTICLE Recent introgression between Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose results in a largely homogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation 1 2 3 1 Jente Ottenburghs ● Johanna Honka ● Gerard J. D. M. Müskens ● Hans Ellegren Received: 12 December 2019 / Revised: 11 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 / Published online: 26 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Several studies have uncovered a highly heterogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation across the genomes of closely related species. Specifically, genetic differentiation is often concentrated in particular genomic regions (“islands of differentiation”) that might contain barrier loci contributing to reproductive isolation, whereas the rest of the genome is homogenized by introgression. Alternatively, linked selection can produce differentiation islands in allopatry without introgression. We explored the influence of introgression on the landscape of genetic differentiation in two hybridizing goose taxa: the Taiga Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) and the Tundra Bean Goose (A. serrirostris). We re-sequenced the whole 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: genomes of 18 individuals (9 of each taxon) and, using a combination of population genomic summary statistics and demographic modeling, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of these birds. Next, we quantified the impact of introgression on the build-up and maintenance of genetic differentiation. We found evidence for a scenario of allopatric divergence (about 2.5 million years ago) followed by recent secondary contact (about 60,000 years ago). Subsequent introgression events led to high levels of gene flow, mainly from the Tundra Bean Goose into the Taiga Bean Goose. -
4 East Dongting Lake P3-19
3 The functional use of East Dongting Lake, China, by wintering geese ANTHONY D. FOX1, CAO LEI2*, MARK BARTER3, EILEEN C. REES4, RICHARD D. HEARN4, CONG PEI HAO2, WANG XIN2, ZHANG YONG2, DOU SONG TAO2 & SHAO XU FANG2 1Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Kalø, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark. 2School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China. 321 Chivalry Avenue, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Australia. 4Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire GL2 7BT, UK. *Correspondence author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A survey and study of geese wintering at the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, China, in February 2008 revealed internationally important numbers of Lesser White-fronted Geese Anser erythropus, Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons and Bean Geese Anser fabilis using the site, as well as small numbers of Greylag Geese Anser anser. Only five Swan Geese Anser cygnoides were recorded, compared with several hundreds in the 1990s. Globally important numbers of Lesser White-fronted Geese spend the majority of daylight hours feeding on short grassland and sedge meadows within the core reserve areas of the National Nature Reserve, and also roost there at night. Greater White-fronted Geese were not studied in detail, but showed similar behaviour. Large numbers of Bean Geese of both serrirostris and middendorffi races showed differing feeding strategies. The small numbers of serrirostris tended to roost and feed in or near the reserve on short grassland, as did small proportions of middendorffi. However, the majority of middendorffi slept within the confines of the reserve by day and flew out at dusk, to nocturnal feeding areas at least 40 km north on the far side of the Yangtze River, returning 40–80 min after first light. -
The History of Potato- Eating by Wildfowl in Britain
The history of potato- eating by wildfowl in Britain Janet Kear Summary T h e development of potato-eating and swede turnip-eating b y wildfowl is linked to agricultural changes and climatic conditions in Britain. The tradition of taking waste potatoes from harvested fields began in Scotland among Mallard at least a century ago. A few Lancashire Pink-footed Geese acquired the habit about 30 years later, although potato-eating did not bccomc widespread until the 1920’s. On the other hand, Scottish Greylag Geese and some Whooper Swans have selected a regular diet of potatoes for only 20-30 years. Turnip-eating has been sporadic in bad weather among Whooper Swans in Aberdeenshire and became traditional after 1947 in the Greylag flocks on the Isle of Bute. The techniques used by the birds in dealing w’ith roots are briefly described. Land drainage and the shift of arable cultivation, so much a part of agricultural history in Britain, are not wholly inimical to wildfowl. Indeed the ease with which many species have accommodated themselves to new foods is both remarkable and worthy of detailed study in the context of conservation. An undisturbed roost, generally a body of water, remains essential but wildfowl have shown increasing readiness to forage many miles away. Further, the flooding of new reservoirs has enabled the birds to exploit areas in which hitherto they were seldom present. Agricultural changes There is little doubt that the first product of agriculture to be utilised by wildfowl was spilled grain from the stubbles of harvested cereal fields. -
(Icelandic-Breeding & Feral Populations) in Ireland
An assessment of the distribution range of Greylag (Icelandic-breeding & feral populations) in Ireland Helen Boland & Olivia Crowe Final report to the National Parks and Wildlife Service and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency December 2008 Address for correspondence: BirdWatch Ireland, 1 Springmount, Newtownmountkennedy, Co. Wicklow. Phone: + 353 1 2819878 Fax: + 353 1 2819763 Email: [email protected] Table of contents Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Results........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Coverage................................................................................................................................................... 3 Distribution ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Site accounts............................................................................................................................................ -
The Mystery of Anser Neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska Disaster? a Hungarian Story
Ornis Hungarica 2019. 27(2): 20–58. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2019-0014 The mystery of Anser neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska disaster? A Hungarian story Jacques VAN IMPE Received: April 08, 2019 – Revised: August 10, 2019 – Accepted: October 31, 2019 Van Impe, J. 2019. The mystery of Anser neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska dis- aster? A Hungarian story. – Ornis Hungarica 27(2): 20–58. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2019-0014 Abstract The well-known Russian ornithologist Prof. Peter Sushkin described it as a distinct species from Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) in 1897, a highly acclaimed discovery. However, its breeding grounds never been discovered. Since then, there has been a long-standing debate over the taxonom- ic position of Anser neglectus. Taxonomists have argued that Anser neglectus belongs to the group of A. fabalis Lath. because of its close resemblance with A. f. fabalis. At the beginning of the 20th century, large numbers of the Sushkin’s goose were observed in three winter quar- ters: on two lakes in the Republic of Bachkortostan, in the surroundings of the town of Tashkent in the Republic Uzbekistan, and in the puszta Hortobágy in eastern Hungary. It is a pity that taxonomists did not thoroughly com- pare the Russian and Hungarian ornithological papers concerning the former presence of Anser neglectus in these areas, because these rich sources refer to characteristics that would cast serious doubt on the classification ofAns - er neglectus as a subspecies, an individual variation or mutation of A. f. fabalis. Sushkin’s goose, though a typical Taiga Bean Goose, distinguished itself from other taxa of the Bean Goose by its plumage, its field identification, by its specific “Gé-gé” call, the size of its bill, and by its preference for warm and dry winter haunts. -
A Molecular Phylogeny of Anseriformes Based on Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23 (2002) 339–356 www.academicpress.com A molecular phylogeny of anseriformes based on mitochondrial DNA analysis Carole Donne-Goussee,a Vincent Laudet,b and Catherine Haanni€ a,* a CNRS UMR 5534, Centre de Genetique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, Ba^t. Mendel, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France b CNRS UMR 5665, Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 45 Allee d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Received 5 June 2001; received in revised form 4 December 2001 Abstract To study the phylogenetic relationships among Anseriformes, sequences for the complete mitochondrial control region (CR) were determined from 45 waterfowl representing 24 genera, i.e., half of the existing genera. To confirm the results based on CR analysis we also analyzed representative species based on two mitochondrial protein-coding genes, cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). These data allowed us to construct a robust phylogeny of the Anseriformes and to compare it with existing phylogenies based on morphological or molecular data. Chauna and Dendrocygna were identified as early offshoots of the Anseriformes. All the remaining taxa fell into two clades that correspond to the two subfamilies Anatinae and Anserinae. Within Anserinae Branta and Anser cluster together, whereas Coscoroba, Cygnus, and Cereopsis form a relatively weak clade with Cygnus diverging first. Five clades are clearly recognizable among Anatinae: (i) the Anatini with Anas and Lophonetta; (ii) the Aythyini with Aythya and Netta; (iii) the Cairinini with Cairina and Aix; (iv) the Mergini with Mergus, Bucephala, Melanitta, Callonetta, So- materia, and Clangula, and (v) the Tadornini with Tadorna, Chloephaga, and Alopochen. -
Variation in the Belly Barrings of the Greenland White-Fronted Goose Anser Albifrons Flavirostris
B e l l y b a r r i n g o f W h it e -f r o n t s 21 Variation in the belly barrings of the Greenland White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons flavirostris J. N. Kristiansen12 A. J. Walsh3, A. D. Fox2 H. Boyd4 & D. A. Stroud5 'University of Copenhagen, Zoological Institute, Dept, of Population Ecology, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0 , Denmark, e-mail: [email protected] 2National Environmental Research Institute, Dept, of Coastal Zone Ecology, Kalo, Grenâvej 12, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark, e-mail: [email protected] 3Dúchas Heritage Service National Parks & Wildlife, Wexford Wildlife Reserve, North Slob Wexford, Ireland, e-mail: [email protected] 4Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K IA OH3 5Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Monkstone House, City Road, Peterborough PEI IJY, United Kingdom Based on data from seven successive years from the wintering grounds in Ireland and one year from the breeding grounds in West Greenland, the variation in the black striation on the abdomen and breast, the so-called belly barring, of the Greenland White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons flavirostis was assessed. We analysed for sexual variation, age variation, year to year variation and seasonal variation ¡early winter (1 October - 31 December) and late winter (1 January - 31 April)]. Geese showed no sexual difference, no change with age after the first winter and no clear pattern in year to year variation. However, there was a highly significant seasonal variation, since individual birds became consistently darker in late winter. Keywords: Greenland W hite-fronted Geese, Plumage variation (belly barring) mong geese (A n se r & B ra n ta ) is highly variable between individual A highly pronounced individual birds, a feature which can be so plumage variation only occurs in the distinct that it has been used to Lesser White-fronted Goose A nser identify individual birds within winters erythropus, the White-fronted Goose (Boyd 1953, D. -
Why Should Greylag Goose Anser Anser Parents Rear Offspring of Others?
25 Why should Greylag Goose Anser anser parents rear offspring of others? L. Nilsson & H. Kampe-Persson Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. leif. nilsson@zooekol. lu. se, hakonpersson@hotmail. com The benefits and costs of rearing large broods were studied in a popula tion of neck collared Greylag Geese in Scania, southernmost Sweden. Families were divided into four groups according to brood size: 1-4, 5-8, 9-12 and >12 young. Gosling survival showed a significant positive rela tionship with brood size on arrival at the rearing area. First-year and third-year local survival, as well as breeding recruitment, showed a sig nificant positive relationships with brood size at fledging. For adults rearing large broods, no costs were detected during the year following that when they fledged >8 young; both survival rate and reproductive success exceeded the long-term averages. Key Words: neck collared population, adoption, survival, recruitment, south Sweden Greylag Geese Anser anser are 1983). In addition to these very large sometimes seen with very large broods broods, there are also many cases of small young, some broods being so where just one or two eggs are added to large (up to 55 young) that it is impossi a clutch, or one or a few young are ble for a single female to have adopted into a brood. incubated so many eggs (Karlsson et al. The habit of intra- and inter-specific 1982; Jensen 2000; Persson 2002). It is egg parasitism and the adoption of well-known that Greylag Geese, like a small young is widespread among dif number of other waterfowl species, ferent species of waterfowl (Eadie et ai sometimes lay their eggs in the nest of 1988; Lank et ai 1989; Weigmann & another female, but excessively large Lamprecht 1991; Williams 1994; clutches laid by two or more females Beauchamp 1997; Andersson & Åhlund rarely hatch (Hauff 1982; Witkowski 2001). -
ASAB Changes in Plumage in Canada Goose Goslings
Canada geese ASAB Changes in plumage in Canada goose goslings Dr. Les May Manchester Metropolitan University 1 Canada geese ASAB Introduction References This resource pack from ASAB (Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour) focuses Lorenz, K. 1991. Here Am I - Where Are You? The behaviour of the Greylag Goose. on the role of judgment in animal behaviour studies. It is aimed at students following Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. GCSE Biology, AS/A2 Biology, Advanced Higher Biology and AS/A2 Psychology courses. It consists of: Martin, P. & Bateson, P. 2008. Measuring Behaviour: An introductory guide. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. • background information for teachers; Ogilvie, M. & Young, S. 1998. Wildfowl of the World. New Holland. • a CD containing more than 50 images of Canada goose, Branta canadensis, goslings at various stages of development and images of seven of the Veen, J. 1977. The Sandwich Tern: functional and causal aspects of nest distribution. behaviours of Canada geese; Behaviour Supplement XX. Leiden. • two differentiated keys which describe the plumage development at the various stages; • drawings of Canada goose goslings with the diagnostic features highlighted; Website • two differentiated exercises requiring students to allocate individual images to Recording Animal Behaviour (can be downloaded from www.mmu.myzen.co.uk) the appropriate developmental stage; • a computer program to calculate the Kappa statistic, if desired; [for AS/A2 and [On this website you will also find video clips of animal behaviour -
Response of Herbivorous Geese to Wintering Habitat Changes: Conservation Insights from Long-Term Population Monitoring in the East Dongting Lake, China
Reg Environ Change (2017) 17:879–888 DOI 10.1007/s10113-016-1087-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Response of herbivorous geese to wintering habitat changes: conservation insights from long-term population monitoring in the East Dongting Lake, China 1,2,3 1,2 1,2 4 Ye-Ai Zou • Yue Tang • Yong-Hong Xie • Qi-Hong Zhao • Hong Zhang4 Received: 18 October 2015 / Accepted: 24 November 2016 / Published online: 2 December 2016 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract The majority of Eastern China’s herbivorous fronted Geese were more sensitive to habitat changes. No geese overwinter in the East Dongting Lake, China, and significant correlations were observed between goose there is growing concern about how changes in their abundances and both mean water levels and sedge meadow habitats can affect the goose populations. General linear areas. Results indicate that the variations in herbivorous regressions were used to analyze the relationship between goose abundances may be caused by changes in the NDVI changes in the abundances of three herbivorous geese of sedge meadows and the interval durations between (Eastern Tundra Bean Goose Anser fabalis serrirostris, sedge meadow exposure and goose arrival. The earlier Lesser White-fronted Geese Anser erythropus, and Greater flood recession can accelerate the exposure, growth, and White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons frontalis) and their withering of sedge meadows (low NDVI in late January), wintering habitats in the East Dongting Lake during thereby creating unsuitable feeding conditions for the geese 2002/2003–2014/2015. The fluctuations in three herbivo- in the wintering seasons. These findings are important as rous goose abundances exhibited negative correlations with efforts are made to protect these valuable species from the changes in interval duration (i.e., days between complete effects of human intervention, and in particular, the Three sedge meadow exposure and goose arrival in the study Gorges Dam project.